References
- Afriyie-Gyawu E, Ankrah NA, Huebner HJ, et al. (2008). NovaSil clay intervention in Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis. I. Study design and clinical outcomes. Food Addit Contam, Part A 25:76–87
- Cotty PJ, Jaime-Garcia R. (2007). Influences of climate on aflatoxin producing fungi and aflatoxin contamination. Int J Food Microbiol 119:109–15
- Egal S, Hounsa A, Gong YY, et al. (2005). Dietary exposure to aflatoxin from maize and groundnut in young children from Benin and Togo, West Africa. Int J Food Microbiol 104:215–24
- Egner PA, Wang JB, Zhu YR, et al. (2001). Chlorophyllin intervention reduces aflatoxin-DNA adducts in individuals at high risk for liver cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:14601–6
- Ferlay J, Shin H, Bray F, et al. (2010). Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 127:2893--917
- Gan LS, Skipper PL, Peng XC, et al. (1988). Serum albumin adducts in the molecular epidemiology of aflatoxin carcinogenesis: correlation with aflatoxin B1 intake and urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1. Carcinogenesis 9:1323–5
- Gong Y, Hounsa A, Egal S, et al. (2004). Postweaning exposure to aflatoxin results in impaired child growth: a longitudinal study in Benin, West Africa. Environ Health Perspect 112:1334–8
- Gong YY, Cardwell K, Hounsa A, et al. (2002). Dietary aflatoxin exposure and impaired growth in young children from Benin and Togo: cross sectional study. BMJ 325:20–1
- Grant PG, Phillips TD. (1998). Isothermal adsorption of aflatoxin B(1) on HSCAS clay. J Agric Food Chem 46:599–605
- Groopman JD, Donahue PR, Zhu JQ, et al. (1985). Aflatoxin metabolism in humans: detection of metabolites and nucleic acid adducts in urine by affinity chromatography. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:6492–6
- Groopman JD, Hall AJ, Whittle H, et al. (1992a). Molecular dosimetry of aflatoxin-N7-guanine in human urine obtained in the Gambia, West Africa. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1:221–7
- Groopman JD, Hasler JA, Trudel LJ, et al. (1992b). Molecular dosimetry in rat urine of aflatoxin-N7-guanine and other aflatoxin metabolites by multiple monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography and immunoaffinity/high performance liquid chromatography. Cancer Res 52:267–74
- Groopman JD, Kensler TW. (1993). Molecular biomarkers for human chemical carcinogen exposures. Chem Res Toxicol 6:764–70
- Groopman JD, Kensler TW, Wild CP. (2008). Protective interventions to prevent aflatoxin-induced carcinogenesis in developing countries. Ann Rev Public Health 29:187–203
- Groopman JD, Wang JS, Scholl P. (1996). Molecular biomarkers for aflatoxins: from adducts to gene mutations to human liver cancer. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 74:203–9
- Groopman JD, Wogan GN, Roebuck BD, Kensler TW. (1994). Molecular biomarkers for aflatoxins and their application to human cancer prevention. Cancer Res 54:1907s–11s
- Hinton DM, Myers MJ, Raybourne RA, et al. (2003). Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 in rats: effects on lymphocytes and the inflammatory response in a chronic intermittent dosing study. Toxicol Sci 73:362–77
- (IARC) IAfRoC. (1993). Some naturally occurring substances: food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 56:207–71
- (IARC) IAfRoC. (2002). Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, napthalene and styrene. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 82:171–274
- Jolly P, Jiang Y, Ellis W, et al. (2006). Determinants of aflatoxin levels in Ghanaians: sociodemographic factors, knowledge of aflatoxin and food handling and consumption practices. Int J Hyg Environ Health 209:345–58
- Kubena LF, Harvey RB, Bailey RH, et al. (1998). Effects of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (T-Bind) on mycotoxicosis in young broiler chickens. Poult Sci 77:1502–9
- Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, Bermudez AJ, Alonso-Debolt M. (1999). Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 78:204–10
- Marroquin-Cardona A, Deng Y, Garcia-Mazcorro J, et al. (2011). Characterization and safety of uniform particle size NovaSil clay as a potential aflatoxin enterosorbent. Appl Clay Sci 54:248–57
- Marroquin-Cardona A, Deng Y, Taylor JF, et al. (2009). In vitro and in vivo characterization of mycotoxin-binding additives used for animal feeds in Mexico. Food Addit Contam Part A 26:733–43
- Pestka JJ, Bondy GS. (1990). Alteration of immune function following dietary mycotoxin exposure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 68:1009–16
- Phillips TD, Clement BA, Kubena LF, Harvey RB. (1990). Detection and detoxification of aflatoxins: prevention of aflatoxicosis and aflatoxin residues with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. Vet Hum Toxicol 32(Suppl):15–19
- Pimpukdee K, Kubena LF, Bailey CA, et al. (2004). Aflatoxin-induced toxicity and depletion of hepatic vitamin A in young broiler chicks: protection of chicks in the presence of low levels of NovaSil PLUS in the diet. Poult Sci 83:737–44
- Qian GS, Ross RK, Yu MC, et al. (1994). A follow-up study of urinary markers of aflatoxin exposure and liver cancer risk in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 3:3–10
- Sarr AB, Mayura K, Kubena LF, et al. (1995). Effects of phyllosilicate clay on the metabolic profile of aflatoxin B1 in Fischer-344 rats. Toxicol Lett 75:145–51
- Schell TC, Lindemann MD, Kornegay ET, Blodgett DJ. (1993). Effects of feeding aflatoxin-contaminated diets with and without clay to weanling and growing pigs on performance, liver function, and mineral metabolism. J Anim Sci 71:1209–18
- Turner PC, Collinson AC, Cheung YB, et al. (2007). Aflatoxin exposure in utero causes growth faltering in Gambian infants. Int J Epidemiol 36:1119–25
- Turner PC, Moore SE, Hall AJ, et al. (2003). Modification of immune function through exposure to dietary aflatoxin in Gambian children. Environ Health Perspect 111:217–20
- Wang JS, Shen X, He X, et al. (1999). Protective alterations in phase 1 and 2 metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by oltipraz in residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:347–54
- Wang P, Afriyie-Gyawu E, Tang Y, et al. (2008). NovaSil clay intervention in Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis: II. Reduction in biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure in blood and urine. Food Addit Contam Part A 25:622–34
- Wild CP, Turner PC. (2002). The toxicology of aflatoxins as a basis for public health decisions. Mutagenesis 17:471–81
- Williams JH, Phillips TD, Jolly PE, et al. (2004). Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: a review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences, and interventions. Am J Clin Nutr 80:1106–22
- Wiredu EK, Armah HB. (2006). Cancer mortality patterns in Ghana: a 10-year review of autopsies and hospital mortality. BMC Public Health 6:159
- Zhu JQ, Zhang LS, Hu X, et al. (1987). Correlation of dietary aflatoxin B1 levels with excretion of aflatoxin M1 in human urine. Cancer Res 47:1848–52