Effects of sympatholytic therapy on postmenopausal symptoms in hypertensive postmenopausal women

Abstract

Objective The short-term effects of two sympatholytic antihypertensive drug treatments, β-blocking agent atenolol and imidazoline receptor-1 agonist moxonidine, on postmenopausal symptoms and their relationship to antihypertensive and insulin sensitivity effect were studied.

Design This was a double-blind, prospectively randomized study in a multicenter, multinational setting in 112 hypertensive, overweight, postmenopausal women without hormone therapy.

Methods Treatment was either with moxonidine, 0.6 mg/day, or with atenolol, 50 mg/day, for 8 weeks. The main outcome measures were blood pressure, insulin sensitivity by Matsuda sensitivity index and postmenopausal symptoms (hot flushes, palpitations, insomnia, irritability, depression and general impression of the symptoms (GIS) through a questionnaire.

Results Both atenolol and moxonidine caused a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 9.5 mmHg and 6.2 mmHg, respectively. The severity of hot flushes and palpitations were reduced significantly in both treatment groups. Relief from hot flushes was recorded in 43% of women taking atenolol and in 27% (not significant between the groups) of moxonidine-treated patients. Palpitations were relieved in 41% and 25% (not significant between the groups) of the women in the atenolol- and moxonidine-treated groups, respectively. In the atenolol group, insomnia and GIS were reduced significantly, with relief of symptoms occurring in 33% and 27% of the patients. A change in irritability was seen in blood pressure responders during the treatment in the atenolol group. There was no correlation between improvement of insulin sensitivity and relief of postmenopausal symptoms.

Conclusions In this study, two sympatholytic antihypertensives, atenolol and moxonidine, provided relief from hot flushes and palpitations, and atenolol additionally helped with insomnia and improved GIS.

Key words::

• MENOPAUSE
• HYPERTENSION
• BLOOD PRESSURE
• ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONIST
• CENTRAL SYMPATHOLYTIC ANTIHYPERTENSIVE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Investigators from Finland: Dr J. Eriksson (Helsinki), Dr H. Ylihärsilä (Helsinki), Dr E. Karonen (Kouvola), Dr V. Kallioniemi (Tampere), Dr J. Inkovaara (Tampere), Dr R. Antikainen (Oulu), Dr T. Karhi (Oulu), Dr R. Erkkola (Turku); investigators from Sweden: Dr P. Latzman and Dr H. Gustafsson; investigators from Lithuania: Dr A. Kibarskis and Dr R. Steponeniene.

Conflict of interest The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this paper.

Source of funding This work was supported by Solvay Pharmaceuticals.