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Abstract
The current challenges faced in the development of advanced biofuels from cellulosic biomass include the inefficiency of the recombinant hosts to hydrolyze lignocellulose, incomplete utilization of multiple sugars due to the presence of carbon-catabolite repression, lack of suitable gene-expression systems for coordinating multiple-gene expression, difficulties in optimizing a synthetic metabolic pathway and toxicity of both the substrate (lignin) and the end product (biofuel) to the recombinant host. Despite the aforementioned hurdles, potential biofuels such as short- or long-chain alcohols, alkanes, fatty acid methyl esters and isoprenoid-based fuels have been produced by metabolically engineered hosts, but with no promising improvement in the yield. An economically feasible advanced biofuel could be possible with the recent advances in metabolic engineering, genome engineering and synthetic biology through a genetically modified microbe or a synthetic microbe with a well-defined metabolism.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant (NRF) funded by the Korean Government (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [MEST] (NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093479), Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the MEST (NRF-2009–0076912), and World Class University program through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation funded by the MEST (R31-2008-000-20012-0). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.
