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Review

Oral colonization of Gram-negative anaerobes as a risk factor for preterm delivery

Pages 498-508 | Received 01 Apr 2011, Accepted 11 Aug 2011, Published online: 01 Nov 2011
 

Abstract

Background: Preterm birth significantly impacts on neonatal morbidity and mortality and is apparently increasing world-wide. Several studies have attempted to define a causative role for periodontal disease in adverse pregnancy outcomes but few have focused on the microbiology of periodontal disease in relation to these outcomes.

Results: The evidence for a positive correlation is strong, supported by microbiological and immunological findings. Conflicting results are often associated with uncontrolled confounding factors.

Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in order to establish whether or not a role exists for oral Gram-negative bacteria in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Association and intervention studies are summarized along with pathogenic potential of the Gram-negative bacteria most frequently implicated in periodontal disease.