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Reproductive Health Matters
An international journal on sexual and reproductive health and rights
Volume 16, 2008 - Issue 31: Conflict and crisis settings
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Original Articles

Fistula and Traumatic Genital Injury from Sexual Violence in a Conflict Setting in Eastern Congo: Case Studies

Ahuka Ona LongombeAcademic Director, DOCS/Goma, and Professor of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
,
Kasereka Masumbuko ClaudeAssistant, Université Catholique de Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of Congo
&
Joseph RuminjoSenior Clinical Manager, Safe Motherhood Program, EngenderHealth/ACQUIRE, New YorkNY, [email protected]
Pages 132-141 | Published online: 28 May 2008

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Mary de Chesnay. (2013) Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses and the Sex Trafficking Pandemic. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 34:12, pages 901-907.
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Anjalee Kohli, Maphie Tosha, Paul Ramazani, Octave Safari, Richard Bachunguye, Isaya Zahiga, Aline Iragi & Nancy Glass. (2013) Family and Community Rejection and a Congolese Led Mediation Intervention to Reintegrate Rejected Survivors of Sexual Violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Health Care for Women International 34:9, pages 736-756.
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Fiza Salim. (2012) War and the systematic devastation of women: the call for increased attention to traumatic gynaecological fistulae. Medicine, Conflict and Survival 28:2, pages 125-132.
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Articles from other publishers (50)

Lindsey Pollaczek, Keerthana Rajagopal & Jesse Chu. (2024) Patient characteristics, surgery outcomes, presumed aetiology and other characteristics of fistula surgeries and related procedures supported by Fistula Foundation from 2019 to 2021: a multicentre, retrospective observational study. BMJ Open 14:3, pages e078426.
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George Opong, Everd Bikaitwoha Maniple & Caroline Noel Agabiirwe. (2024) Lived experiences of refugee women with vaginal fistula in Nakivale and Oruchinga refugee settlements, Isingiro District, Uganda. BMC Women's Health 24:1.
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Charles Irumba, Justus Baragaine, Susan Obore, Haruna Mwanje & Julius Nteziyaremye. (2024) An intricate vagina penetrating injury with a 22 cm cassava stick in situ for 6 months: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports 18:1.
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Mahlet A. Woldetsadik, Grace Acan & Okwir Isaac Odiya. (2022) Becoming Secondary Survivors: Exploring the Effects of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence on the Health and Well-Being of Families in Northern Uganda. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 38:3-4, pages 3395-3420.
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Isabella B. Metelmann & Alexandra Busemann. 2023. Gender Inequality - Issues, Challenges and New Perspectives [Working Title]. Gender Inequality - Issues, Challenges and New Perspectives [Working Title].
Carrie J. Ngongo, Thomas J.I.P. Raassen, Marietta Mahendeka, Ladeisha Lombard, Jos van Roosmalen & Marleen Temmerman. (2022) Rare causes of genital fistula in nine African countries: a retrospective review. BMC Women's Health 22:1.
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Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kenfe Tesfay Berhe, Simon Gebretsadik, Melaku Abreha & Mebrahtom Haftu. (2022) Fistula in War-Torn Tigray: A Call to Action. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:23, pages 15954.
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Alisha Lussiez, Rahel Nardos & Ann Lowry. (2022) Rectovaginal Fistula Management in Low-Resource Settings. Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 35:05, pages 390-395.
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Carlo Koos & Summer Lindsey. (2022) Wartime Sexual Violence, Social Stigmatization and Humanitarian Aid: Survey Evidence from eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of Conflict Resolution 66:6, pages 1037-1065.
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Jonathan Alexander Peralta-Jiménez & Zulma Consuelo Urrego-Mendoza. (2022) Salud sexual y reproductiva de mujeres afrocolombianas víctimas del conflicto armado en Bojayá, Chocó, Colombia. Estudio de métodos mixtos, 2019. Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 73:1, pages 11-27.
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Earnest Amwiine, Bonita Ainembabazi, Isaiah Obwona, Richard Opoka, Mary Akatuhumuriza, Vallence Niyonzima & Vincent Mubangizi. (2021) Perceptions of females about trauma-informed services for survivors of sexual violence in south western Uganda- a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 21:1.
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Jonathan Alexander Peralta Jimenez & Zulma Consuelo Urrego Mendoza. (2020) Salud sexual y reproductiva en mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado. Revista de Salud Pública 22:4.
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Raha Maroyi, Laura Keyser, Lauren Hosterman, Amisi Notia & Denis Mukwege. (2020) The mobile surgical outreach program for management of patients with genital fistula in the Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 148:S1, pages 27-32.
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Bandy X. Lee. 2019. Violence. Violence 161 181 .
Ayesha Kadir, Sherry Shenoda & Jeffrey Goldhagen. (2019) Effects of armed conflict on child health and development: A systematic review. PLOS ONE 14:1, pages e0210071.
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Hawkar Ibrahim, Verena Ertl, Claudia Catani, Azad Ali Ismail & Frank Neuner. (2018) Trauma and perceived social rejection among Yazidi women and girls who survived enslavement and genocide. BMC Medicine 16:1.
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C.-H. Rochat, M. Guiro, J.-M. Colas, J. Blanchot, J.-O. Peabody, J. Harroche, A.-C. Benski & P.-M. Tebeu. (2018) Fístulas vesicovaginales obstétricas y no obstétricas. EMC - Urología 50:4, pages 1-18.
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Lindsay Mallick & Vandana Tripathi. (2017) The association between female genital fistula symptoms and gender‐based violence: A multicountry secondary analysis of household survey data. Tropical Medicine & International Health 23:1, pages 106-119.
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Aisha Hutchinson, Philippa Waterhouse, Jane March-McDonald, Sarah Neal & Roger Ingham. (2017) Understanding processes of risk and protection that shape the sexual and reproductive health of young women affected by conflict: the price of protection. Conflict and Health 11:1.
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Anne Gatuguta, Barbra Katusiime, Janet Seeley, Manuela Colombini, Isaac Mwanzo & Karen Devries. (2017) Should community health workers offer support healthcare services to survivors of sexual violence? a systematic review. BMC International Health and Human Rights 17:1.
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Glory Gatwiri & Heather Fraser. (2015) Putting vaginal fistulas on the international social work map: A critical perspective. International Social Work 60:4, pages 1039-1050.
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Katherine Albutt, Jocelyn Kelly, Justin Kabanga & Michael VanRooyen. (2016) Stigmatisation and rejection of survivors of sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Disasters 41:2, pages 211-227.
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I. Ba & R.S. Bhopal. (2017) Physical, mental and social consequences in civilians who have experienced war-related sexual violence: a systematic review (1981–2014). Public Health 142, pages 121-135.
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Rosanne Marrit Anholt. (2016) Understanding sexual violence in armed conflict: cutting ourselves with Occam’s razor. Journal of International Humanitarian Action 1:1.
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Kennedy Amone-P’Olak, Tlholego Molemane Lekhutlile, Emilio Ovuga, Rosemary Ann Abbott, Richard Meiser-Stedman, David Gage Stewart & Peter Brian Jones. (2016) Sexual violence and general functioning among formerly abducted girls in Northern Uganda: the mediating roles of stigma and community relations - the WAYS study. BMC Public Health 16:1.
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Thidar PyoneFiona DickinsonRobbie KerrCynthia Boschi-PintoMatthews MathaiNynke van den Broek. (2015) Data collection tools for maternal and child health in humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 93:9, pages 648-658A.
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Nissou Ines Dossa, Maria Victoria ZunzuneguiMarie Hatem & William Donald Fraser. (2014) Mental Health Disorders Among Women Victims of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 30:13, pages 2199-2220.
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Ganzamungu Zihindula & Pranitha Maharaj. (2015) Risk of Sexual Violence: Perspectives and Experiences of Women in a Hospital in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of Community Health 40:4, pages 736-743.
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Alexandre Delamou, Moustapha Diallo, Abdoul Habib Beavogui, Thérèse Delvaux, Sita Millimono, Mamady Kourouma, Karen Beattie, Mark Barone, Thierno Hamidou Barry, Mohamed Khogali, Mary Edginton, Sven Gudmund Hinderaker, Joseph Ruminjo, Wei‐Hong Zhang & Vincent De Brouwere. (2015) Good clinical outcomes from a 7‐year holistic programme of fistula repair in Guinea. Tropical Medicine & International Health 20:6, pages 813-819.
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Gunnel Andersson, Berthollet Bwira Kaboru, Annsofie Adolfsson & Edmond Ntabe Namegabe. (2015) Health Workers’ Assessment of the Frequency of and Caring for Urinary and Fecal Incontinence among Female Victims of Sexual Violence in the Eastern Congo: An Exploratory Study. Open Journal of Nursing 05:04, pages 354-360.
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James Fergus Donaldson, Campbell Tait, Marcel Rad, Shonagh Walker, Thomas B.L. Lam, Mohammed Abdel-Fattah & Satchi Kuchibhotla Swami. (2014) Obstructive Uropathy and Vesicovaginal Fistula Secondary to a Retained Sex Toy in the Vagina. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 11:10, pages 2595-2600.
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Nicole C. Rodney & Connie J. Mulligan. (2014) A biocultural study of the effects of maternal stress on mother and newborn health in the D emocratic R epublic of C ongo . American Journal of Physical Anthropology 155:2, pages 200-209.
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NA HU, BIN CONG, TAO GAO, RONG HU, YI CHEN, HUI TANG, LUYAN XUE, SHUJIN LI & CHUNLING MA. (2014) Evaluation of parameters in mixed male DNA profiles for the Identifiler® multiplex system. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34:1, pages 43-52.
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Janet Benshoof. (2014) The Other Red Line: The Use of Rape as an Unlawful Tactic of Warfare. Global Policy 5:2, pages 146-158.
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Nissou Ines Dossa, Maria Victoria Zunzunegui, Marie Hatem & William Fraser. (2014) Fistula and Other Adverse Reproductive Health Outcomes among Women Victims of Conflict‐Related Sexual Violence: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study. Birth 41:1, pages 5-13.
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Jennifer F. Klot, Judith D. Auerbach & Miranda R. Berry. (2012) Sexual Violence and HIV Transmission: Summary Proceedings of a Scientific Research Planning Meeting . American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 69:s1, pages 5-19.
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Nichole Young-Lin, Maya Garala & Erin Gertz. 2013. Around the Globe for Women's Health. Around the Globe for Women's Health 21 32 .
L. Lewis Wall. (2012) A Framework for Analyzing the Determinants of Obstetric Fistula Formation. Studies in Family Planning 43:4, pages 255-272.
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Maja Söderbäck, Emma Wilhelmsson & Elisabet Häggström-Nordin. (2012) Absence and reliance: Liberian women's experience of vaginal fistula. African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 6:1, pages 28-34.
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N. Inès Dossa & Marie Hatem. (2012) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy versus Other PTSD Psychotherapies as Treatment for Women Victims of War-Related Violence: A Systematic Review. The Scientific World Journal 2012, pages 1-19.
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Inipavudu Baelani & Martin W Dünser. (2011) Facing medical care problems of victims of sexual violence in Goma/Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Conflict and Health 5:1.
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Raphael Kabangwa Senga & Prosper Mukobelwa Lutala. (2011) High prevalence of syphilis among demobilized child soldiers in Eastern Congo: a cross-sectional study. Conflict and Health 5:1.
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Amber PetermanTia PalermoCaryn Bredenkamp. (2011) Estimates and Determinants of Sexual Violence Against Women in the Democratic Republic of Congo. American Journal of Public Health 101:6, pages 1060-1067.
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Luc Malemo Kalisya, Paluku Lussy Justin, Christophe Kimona, Kavira Nyavandu, Kamabu Mukekulu Eugenie, Kasereka Muhindo Lusi Jonathan, Kasereka Masumbuko Claude & Michael Hawkes. (2011) Sexual Violence toward Children and Youth in War-Torn Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS ONE 6:1, pages e15911.
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Linda Piwowarczyk. 2010. Women, War, and Violence. Women, War, and Violence 45 57 .
Amber Peterman & Kiersten Johnson. (2009) Incontinence and trauma: Sexual violence, female genital cutting and proxy measures of gynecological fistula. Social Science & Medicine 68:5, pages 971-979.
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Aranka Anema, Michel R Joffres, Edward Mills & Paul B Spiegel. (2008) Widespread rape does not directly appear to increase the overall HIV prevalence in conflict-affected countries: so now what?. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 5:1.
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