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Research Article

Toxicity of preserved and unpreserved antiglaucoma topical drugs in an in vitro model of conjunctival cells

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Pages 85-94 | Published online: 02 Jul 2009

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Michele Figus, Luca Agnifili, Manuela Lanzini, Lorenza Brescia, Francesco Sartini, Leonardo Mastropasqua & Chiara Posarelli. (2021) Topical preservative-free ophthalmic treatments: an unmet clinical need. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 18:6, pages 655-672.
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Joon Mo Kim, Tae-Woo Kim, Sang-Woo Park, Hae-Young Lopilly Park, Young Hoon Hwang, Jin Wook Jeoung & Chan Yun Kim. (2021) Comparison of the Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effect and Safety of Preservative-Free And Preservative-Containing Brimonidine/Timolol Fixed-Combination Ophthalmic Solutions in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma. Seminars in Ophthalmology 36:3, pages 103-109.
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Karen Walsh & Lyndon Jones. (2019) The use of preservatives in dry eye drops. Clinical Ophthalmology 13, pages 1409-1425.
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Pelin Özyol, Erhan Özyol & Aylin Karalezli. (2018) Evaluation of Visual Field Test Parameters after Artificial Tear Administration in Patients with Glaucoma and Dry Eye. Seminars in Ophthalmology 33:3, pages 320-324.
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Martina Cristaldi, Melania Olivieri, Gabriella Lupo, Carmelina D. Anfuso, Salvatore Pezzino & Dario Rusciano. (2018) N-hydroxymethylglycinate with EDTA is an efficient eye drop preservative with very low toxicity: an in vitro comparative study. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 37:1, pages 71-76.
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Alberto Aguayo Bonniard, Jacky Y. Yeung, Clara C. Chan & Catherine M. Birt. (2016) Ocular surface toxicity from glaucoma topical medications and associated preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride (BAK). Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 12:11, pages 1279-1289.
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Masamichi Fukuda, Shinsuke Shibata, Naoko Shibata, Kenta Hagihara, Hiromoto Yaguchi, Hiromi Osada, Nobuo Takahashi, Eri Kubo & Hiroshi Sasaki. (2013) Safety comparison of additives in antiglaucoma prostaglandin (PG) analog ophthalmic formulations. Clinical Ophthalmology 7, pages 515-520.
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Stefano Ranno, Paolo Fogagnolo, Luca Rossetti, Nicola Orzalesi & Paolo Nucci. (2011) Changes in corneal parameters at confocal microscopy in treated glaucoma patients. Clinical Ophthalmology 5, pages 1037-1042.
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William C. Stewart, Jeanette A. Stewart & Lindsay A. Nelson. (2011) Ocular Surface Disease in Patients with Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma. Current Eye Research 36:5, pages 391-398.
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Philippe Denis. (2011) Travoprost/timolol fixed combination in the management of open-angle glaucoma: a clinical review. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 12:3, pages 463-471.
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Takeo Fukuchi, Kimiko Wakai, Kieko Suda, Tomoko Nakatsue, Hideko Sawada, Hiroaki Hara, Jun Ueda, Takayuki Tanaka, Akiko Yamada & Haruki Abe. (2010) Incidence, severity and factors related to drug-induced keratoepitheliopathy with glaucoma medications. Clinical Ophthalmology 4, pages 203-209.
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Masahiko Ayaki, Atsuo Iwasawa & Yoichi Inoue. (2010) Toxicity of antiglaucoma drugs with and without benzalkonium chloride to cultured human corneal endothelial cells. Clinical Ophthalmology 4, pages 1217-1222.
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Andrey Zhivov, Robert Kraak, Hartwig Bergter, Günther Kundt, Ria Beck & Rudolf F. Guthoff. (2010) Influence of Benzalkonium Chloride on Langerhans Cells in Corneal Epithelium and Development of Dry Eye in Healthy Volunteers. Current Eye Research 35:8, pages 762-769.
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Michael B Horsley & Malik Y Kahook. (2009) Effects of prostaglandin analog therapy on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients. Clinical Ophthalmology 3, pages 291-295.
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P David Freeman & Malik Y Kahook. (2009) Preservatives in topical ophthalmic medications: historical and clinical perspectives. Expert Review of Ophthalmology 4:1, pages 59-64.
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Indu Pal Kaur, Shruti Lal, Cheena Rana, Shilpa Kakkar & Harinder Singh. (2009) Ocular preservatives: associated risks and newer options. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 28:3, pages 93-103.
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Moataz E Gheith, Jason R Mayer, Ghada A Siam, Daniela S Monteiro de Barros, Tricia L Thomas & L Jay Katz. (2008) Managing refractory glaucoma with a fixed combination of bimatoprost (0.03%) and timolol (0.5%). Clinical Ophthalmology 2:1, pages 15-20.
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Robert J Noecker. (2006) The management of glaucoma and intraocular hypertension: current approaches and recent advances. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2:2, pages 193-206.
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Paul R. Ingram, Andrew R. Pitt, Clive G. Wilson, Orest Olejnik & Corinne M. Spickett. (2004) A Comparison of the Effects of Ocular Preservatives on Mammalian and Microbial ATP and Glutathione Levels. Free Radical Research 38:7, pages 739-750.
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