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Current Eye Research Volume 25, 2002 - Issue 4
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Research Article

Ocular penetration of acyclovir and its peptide prodrugs valacyclovir and val-valacyclovir following systemic administration in rabbits: An evaluation using ocular microdialysis and LC-MS

Clapton Dias Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
,
Yasser Nashed Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
,
Harisha Atluri Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
&
Ashim Mitra Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
Pages 243-252 | Published online: 02 Jul 2009

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Vrinda Gote, Michael Ansong & Dhananjay Pal. (2020) Prodrugs and nanomicelles to overcome ocular barriers for drug penetration. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 16:10, pages 885-906.
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Xinxin Yu, Renshu Zhang, Lei Lei, Qianqian Song & Xingyi Li. (2019) High drug payload nanoparticles formed from dexamethasone-peptide conjugates for the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis in rabbit. International Journal of Nanomedicine 14, pages 591-603.
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Mariko Nakano, Catherine M. Lockhart, Edward J. Kelly & Allan E. Rettie. (2014) Ocular cytochrome P450s and transporters: roles in disease and endobiotic and xenobiotic disposition. Drug Metabolism Reviews 46:3, pages 247-260.
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Sai HS Boddu, Sriram Gunda, Ravinder Earla & Ashim K Mitra. (2010) Ocular Microdialysis: A Continuous Sampling Technique to Study Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in The Eye. Bioanalysis 2:3, pages 487-507.
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Divya Kapoor, Pankaj Sharma & Deepak Shukla. Emerging drugs for the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 0:0, pages 1-14.
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Tae-im Kim, Dimitri T. Azar & Deborah Pavan-Langston. 2022. Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology 187 279 .
Akshita Chauhan & Tabassum Khan. (2021) Prodrugs - Current development and applications in ocular drug delivery. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 66, pages 102836.
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Tapan P. Patel, David N. Zacks & Vaidehi S. Dedania. (2020) Antimicrobial guide to posterior segment infections. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 259:9, pages 2473-2501.
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Jagpreet kour, Neha Kumari & Bharti Sapra. (2021) Ocular prodrugs: Attributes and challenges. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16:2, pages 175-191.
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Zeba A. Syed, Beeran B. Meghpara & Christopher J. Rapuano. 2021. Infections of the Cornea and Conjunctiva. Infections of the Cornea and Conjunctiva 187 209 .
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Gabriel S. Valerio & Charles C. Lin. (2019) Ocular manifestations of herpes simplex virus. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 30:6, pages 525-531.
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Anita Patel, Jayvadan K. Patel & Yashwant V. Pathak. 2018. Drug Delivery for the Retina and Posterior Segment Disease. Drug Delivery for the Retina and Posterior Segment Disease 327 349 .
Ariana Austin, Tom Lietman & Jennifer Rose-Nussbaumer. (2017) Update on the Management of Infectious Keratitis. Ophthalmology 124:11, pages 1678-1689.
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Michael Tsatsos, Cheryl MacGregor, Ioannis Athanasiadis, Marilita M Moschos, Parwez Hossain & David Anderson. (2016) Herpes simplex virus keratitis: an update of the pathogenesis and current treatment with oral and topical antiviral agents. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 44:9, pages 824-837.
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Rohit Bisht, Abhirup Mandal, Ilva D. Rupenthal & Ashim K. Mitra. (2016) Ex vivo investigation of ocular tissue distribution following intravitreal administration of connexin43 mimetic peptide using the microdialysis technique and LC-MS/MS. Drug Delivery and Translational Research 6:6, pages 763-770.
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Vivek S. Dave. 2016. Nano-Biomaterials For Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Nano-Biomaterials For Ophthalmic Drug Delivery 147 175 .
Chi-Ya Kao, Elmira Anderzhanova, John M. Asara, Carsten T. Wotjak & Christoph W. Turck. (2015) NextGen Brain Microdialysis: Applying Modern Metabolomics Technology to the Analysis of Extracellular Fluid in the Central Nervous System. Complex Psychiatry 1:1, pages 60-67.
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Mitesh Patel, Ye Sheng, Nanda K. Mandava, Dhananjay Pal & Ashim K. Mitra. (2014) Dipeptide prodrug approach to evade efflux pumps and CYP3A4 metabolism of lopinavir. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 476:1-2, pages 99-107.
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Mitesh Patel, Nanda Mandava, Mitan Gokulgandhi, Dhananjay Pal & Ashim Mitra. (2014) Amino Acid Prodrugs: An Approach to Improve the Absorption of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor, Lopinavir. Pharmaceuticals 7:4, pages 433-452.
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R. K. Konda, B. R. Chandu, B. R. Challa & K. B. Chandrasekhar. (2013) Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of valacyclovir in human plasma: Application to a bioequivalence study. Acta Chromatographica 25:4, pages 669-686.
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Sai HS Boddu. (2013) Utility of transporter/receptor(s) in drug delivery to the eye. World Journal of Pharmacology 2:1, pages 1.
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Mitesh R. Patel, Nanda K. Mandava & Ashim K. Mitra. 2013. Microdialysis in Drug Development. Microdialysis in Drug Development 197 222 .
Suresh P. Vyas, Rishi Paliwal & Shivani Rai Paliwal. 2011. Peptide and Protein Delivery. Peptide and Protein Delivery 87 103 .
Ripal Gaudana, J. Jwala, Sai H. S. Boddu & Ashim K. Mitra. (2008) Recent Perspectives in Ocular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutical Research 26:5.
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Ravi S. TalluriRipal GaudanaSudharshan HariharanAshim K. Mitra. (2009) Pharmacokinetics of Stereoisomeric Dipeptide Prodrugs of Acyclovir following Intravenous and Oral Administrations in Rats: A study Involving in vivo corneal Uptake of Acyclovir following Oral Dosing. Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases 1, pages OED.S2857.
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Ravi S. Talluri, Swapan K. Samanta, Ripal Gaudana & Ashim K. Mitra. (2008) Synthesis, metabolism and cellular permeability of enzymatically stable dipeptide prodrugs of acyclovir. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 361:1-2, pages 118-124.
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Sheetal Agarwal, S.H.S. Boddu, Ritesh Jain, Swapan Samanta, Dhananjay Pal & Ashim K. Mitra. (2008) Peptide prodrugs: Improved oral absorption of lopinavir, a HIV protease inhibitor. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 359:1-2, pages 7-14.
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Tony H. Huynh, Mark W. Johnson, Grant M. Comer & Douglas N. Fish. (2008) Vitreous Penetration of Orally Administered Valacyclovir. American Journal of Ophthalmology 145:4, pages 682-686.
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Deborah Pavan-Langston. 2008. Albert &amp Jakobiec's Principles &amp Practice of Ophthalmology. Albert &amp Jakobiec's Principles &amp Practice of Ophthalmology 637 704 .
Deborah Pavan-Langston & Thomas John. 2008. Albert &amp Jakobiec's Principles &amp Practice of Ophthalmology. Albert &amp Jakobiec's Principles &amp Practice of Ophthalmology 215 229 .
Eliisa Mannermaa, Kati-Sisko Vellonen & Arto Urtti. (2006) Drug transport in corneal epithelium and blood–retina barrier: Emerging role of transporters in ocular pharmacokinetics. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 58:11, pages 1136-1163.
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Liang Jin, Gang Wei, Wei-Yue Lu, Ling-Jie Xu & Jun Pan. (2006) Quantitative Determination of Acyclovir in Aqueous Humor by LC-MS. Chromatographia 63:5-6, pages 239-242.
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Nele Plock & Charlotte Kloft. (2005) Microdialysis—theoretical background and recent implementation in applied life-sciences. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 25:1, pages 1-24.
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Harisha Atluri, Banmeet S Anand, Jignesh Patel & Ashim K Mitra. (2004) Mechanism of a model dipeptide transport across blood-ocular barriers following systemic administration. Experimental Eye Research 78:4, pages 815-822.
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. (2003) Current literature in mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry 38:8, pages 905-916.
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