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Original Articles

Are our Norms “Normal”? A 4-Year Follow-Up Study of a Biracial Sample of Rural Elders With Low Education

Pages 19-33 | Published online: 09 Aug 2010

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Holly Tuokko, Lauren E. Griffith, Martine Simard, Vanessa Taler, Megan E. O’Connell, Stacey Voll, Helena Kadlec, Christina Wolfson, Susan Kirkland & Parminder Raina. (2020) The Canadian longitudinal study on aging as a platform for exploring cognition in an aging population. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 34:1, pages 174-203.
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Mattia Siciliano, Gabriella Santangelo, Alfonsina D’Iorio, Giuseppe Basile, Fausta Piscopo, Dario Grossi & Luigi Trojano. (2016) Rouleau version of the Clock Drawing Test: age- and education-adjusted normative data from a wide Italian sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 30:sup1, pages 1501-1516.
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Panagiotis Simos, Georgia Ktistaki, Georgia Dimitraki, Emmanouil Papastefanakis, Nikolaos Kougkas, Antonios Fanouriakis, Irini Gergianaki, George Bertsias, Prodromos Sidiropoulos & Evangelos C. Karademas. (2016) Cognitive deficits early in the course of rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 38:7, pages 820-829.
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Peter A. Lichtenberg$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Lisa J. Ficker$suffix/text()$suffix/text() & Annalise Rahman-Filipiak$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2016) Financial decision-making abilities and financial exploitation in older African Americans: Preliminary validity evidence for the Lichtenberg Financial Decision Rating Scale (LFDRS). Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 28:1, pages 14-33.
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Annalise Rahman-Filipiak, John L. Woodard, L. Stephen Miller, Peter Martin, Adam Davey & Leonard W. Poon. (2015) Octogenarian and centenarian performance on the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 22:4, pages 438-451.
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Liliane Dias E Dias de Macedo, Thaís Cristina Galdino De Oliveira, Fernanda Cabral Soares, João Bento-Torres, Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres, Daniel Clive Anthony & Cristovam Wanderley Picanço-Diniz. (2015) Beneficial effects of multisensory and cognitive stimulation in institutionalized elderly: 12-months follow-up. Clinical Interventions in Aging 10, pages 1351-1360.
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Fernanda Cabral Soares, Thaís Cristina Galdino de Oliveira, Liliane Dias e Dias de Macedo, Alessandra Mendonça Tomás, Domingos Luiz Wanderley Picanço-Diniz, João Bento-Torres, Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres & Cristovam Wanderley Picanço-Diniz. (2015) CANTAB object recognition and language tests to detect aging cognitive decline: an exploratory comparative study. Clinical Interventions in Aging 10, pages 37-48.
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Isabel Pavão Martins, Carolina Maruta, Vanda Freitas & Inês Mares. (2013) Executive Performance in Older Portuguese Adults With Low Education. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 27:3, pages 410-425.
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Cay Anderson-Hanley, AndreaS. Miele & Mina Dunnam. (2013) The Fuld Object-Memory Evaluation: Development and Validation of an Alternate Form. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 20:1, pages 1-6.
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JustinA. Nyborn, JayandraJ. Himali, AlexaS. Beiser, SherralA. Devine, Yangchun Du, Edith Kaplan, MaureenK. O'Connor, WilliamE. Rinn, HelenS. Denison, Sudha Seshadri, PhilipA. Wolf & Rhoda Au. (2013) The Framingham Heart Study Clock Drawing Performance: Normative Data from the Offspring Cohort. Experimental Aging Research 39:1, pages 80-108.
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Eric M. Fine, Joel H. Kramer, Li-Yung Lui, Kristine Yaffe & the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Research Group. (2012) Normative Data in Women Aged 85 and Older: Verbal Fluency, Digit Span, and the CVLT-II Short Form. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 26:1, pages 18-30.
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PanagiotisG. Simos, Dimitrios Kasselimis & Angeliki Mouzaki. (2011) Age, gender, and education effects on vocabulary measures in Greek. Aphasiology 25:4, pages 475-491.
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RobynM. Busch & Jessica Smerz Chapin. (2008) Review of Normative Data For Common Screening Measures Used to Evaluate Cognitive Functioning in Elderly Individuals. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 22:4, pages 620-650.
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JohnA. Lucas, RobertJ. Ivnik, GlennE. Smith, TanisJ. Ferman, FloydB. Willis, RonaldC. Petersen & NeillR. Graff-Radford. (2005) Mayo's Older African Americans Normative Studies: Norms for Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association, Category Fluency, Animal Naming, Token Test, Wrat-3 Reading, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, and Judgment of Line Orientation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 19:2, pages 243-269.
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LaurieM. Rilling, JohnA. Lucas, RobertJ. Ivnik, GlennE. Smith, FloydB. Willis, TanisJ. Ferman, RonaldC. Petersen & NeillR. Graff-Radford. (2005) Mayo's Older African American Normative Studies: Norms for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 19:2, pages 229-242.
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JohnA. Lucas$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), RobertJ. Ivnik, FloydB. Willis, TanisJ. Ferman, GlennE. Smith, FrancineC. Parfitt, RonaldC. Petersen & NeillR. Graff-Radford. (2005) Mayo's Older African Americans Normative Studies: Normative Data for Commonly Used Clinical Neuropsychological Measures. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 19:2, pages 162-183.
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C. Carnero Pardo, I. Carrera Muñoz, L. Triguero Cueva, S. López Alcalde & R. Vílchez Carrillo. (2022) Normative data for the Fototest from neurological patients with no cognitive impairment. Neurología (English Edition) 37:1, pages 45-52.
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C. Carnero Pardo, I. Carrera Muñoz, L. Triguero Cueva, S. López Alcalde & R. Vílchez Carrillo. (2022) Valores normativos del Fototest en pacientes neurológicos sin deterioro cognitivo. Neurología 37:1, pages 45-52.
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Minji Song, Seungmin Jahng, SangYun Kim & Yeonwook Kang. (2020) A Normative Study of the Full Version of Story Memory in the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination, 2nd Edition: Expanded Version (K-MMSE-2: EV). Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 19:4, pages 161.
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Yebin D. Ahn, Dahyun Yi, Haejung Joung, Eun Hyun Seo, Young Hwa Lee, Min Soo Byun, Jun Ho Lee, So Yeon Jeon, Jun-Young Lee, Bo Kyung Sohn & Dong Young Lee. (2019) Normative Data for the Logical Memory Subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV in Middle-Aged and Elderly Korean People. Psychiatry Investigation 16:11, pages 793-799.
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Siny Tsang, Scott A. Sperling, Moon-Ho Park, Ira M. Helenius, Ishan C. Williams & Carol Manning. (2017) Health Variables Are Informative in Screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Elderly African Americans. Journal of Applied Gerontology 38:10, pages 1421-1444.
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Barry W. Rovner, Robin J. Casten & Benjamin Leiby. (2019) Memory improvement in African Americans with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 34:10, pages 1447-1454.
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Mónica Rosselli, Ruth M Tappen & David Newman. (2019) Semantic Interference Test: Evidence for Culture and Education Fairness from an Ethnically Diverse Sample in the USA. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34:3, pages 337-349.
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Ganesh M. Babulal, Yakeel T. Quiroz, Benedict C. Albensi, Eider Arenaza‐Urquijo, Arlene J. Astell, Claudio Babiloni, Alex Bahar‐Fuchs, Joanne Bell, Gene L. Bowman, Adam M. Brickman, Gaël Chételat, Carrie Ciro, Ann D. Cohen, Peggye Dilworth‐Anderson, Hiroko H. Dodge, Simone Dreux, Steven Edland, Anna Esbensen, Lisbeth Evered, Michael Ewers, Keith N. Fargo, Juan Fortea, Hector Gonzalez, Deborah R. Gustafson, Elizabeth Head, James A. Hendrix, Scott M. Hofer, Leigh A. Johnson, Roos Jutten, Kerry Kilborn, Krista L. Lanctôt, Jennifer J. Manly, Ralph N. Martins, Michelle M. Mielke, Martha Clare Morris, Melissa E. Murray, Esther S. Oh, Mario A. Parra, Robert A. Rissman, Catherine M. Roe, Octavio A. Santos, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Lon S. Schneider, Nicole Schupf, Sietske Sikkes, Heather M. Snyder, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Yaakov Stern, Andre Strydom, Yi Tang, Graciela Muniz Terrera, Charlotte Teunissen, Debora Melo van Lent, Michael Weinborn, Linda Wesselman, Donna M. Wilcock, Henrik Zetterberg & Sid E. O'Bryant. (2018) Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Update and areas of immediate need. Alzheimer's & Dementia 15:2, pages 292-312.
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Barry W. Rovner, Robin J. Casten, Mark T. Hegel & Benjamin Leiby. (2018) Preventing Cognitive Decline in Black Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment. JAMA Neurology 75:12, pages 1487.
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María Díaz-Mardomingo, Sara García-Herranz, Raquel Rodríguez-Fernández, César Venero & Herminia Peraita. (2017) Problems in Classifying Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): One or Multiple Syndromes?. Brain Sciences 7:12, pages 111.
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A.X. Pereiro, S. Ramos-Lema, C. Lojo-Seoane, J. Guàrdia-Olmos, D. Facal-Mayo & O. Juncos-Rabadán. (2017) Normative data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) in a Spanish sample of community-dweller adults. European Geriatric Medicine 8:3, pages 240-244.
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Xin Xu, Eddie Chong, Saima Hilal, Mohammad Ikram, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian & Christopher Chen. (2015) Beyond Screening: Can the Mini-Mental State Examination be Used as an Exclusion Tool in a Memory Clinic?. Diagnostics 5:4, pages 475-486.
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Jonas Jardim de Paula, Debora Marques de Miranda, Edgar Nunes de Moraes & Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz. (2013) Mapping the clockworks: what does the Clock Drawing Test assess in normal and pathological aging?. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 71:10, pages 763-768.
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Ruth M. Tappen, Monica Rosselli & Gabriella Engstrom. (2012) Use of the MC-FAQ and MMSE-FAQ in Cognitive Screening of Older African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and European Americans. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 20:11, pages 955-962.
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Barry W. Rovner, Robin J. Casten, Mark T. Hegel & Benjamin E. Leiby. (2012) Preventing cognitive decline in older African Americans with mild cognitive impairment: Design and methods of a randomized clinical trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 33:4, pages 712-720.
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Barry W. Rovner, Robin J. Casten, Christine Arenson, Brooke Salzman & Erin B. Kornsey. (2012) Racial Differences in the Recognition of Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Persons. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 26:1, pages 44-49.
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O. Pedraza, J. A. Lucas, G. E. Smith, R. C. Petersen, N. R. Graff-Radford & R. J. Ivnik. (2010) Robust and Expanded Norms for the Dementia Rating Scale. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 25:5, pages 347-358.
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P. M. Dean, D. M. Feldman, D. Morere & D. Morton. (2009) Clinical Evaluation of the Mini-Mental State Exam with Culturally Deaf Senior Citizens. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 24:8, pages 753-760.
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Jenny C. C. Chung. (2008) Clinical validity of Fuld Object Memory Evaluation to screen for dementia in a Chinese society. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 24:2, pages 156-162.
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Frederick W. Unverzagt Sujuan Gao, Kathleen A. Lane, Christopher Callahan, Adesola Ogunniyi, Olusegun Baiyewu, Oye Gureje, Kathleen S. Hall & Hugh C. Hendrie. (2016) Mild Cognitive Dysfunction: An Epidemiological Perspective With an Emphasis on African Americans. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 20:4, pages 215-226.
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OTTO PEDRAZA, JOHN A. LUCAS, GLENN E. SMITH, FLOYD B. WILLIS, NEILL R. GRAFF-RADFORD, TANIS J. FERMAN, RONALD C. PETERSEN, DAWN BOWERS & ROBERT J. IVNIK. (2005) Mayo's Older African American Normative Studies: Confirmatory factor analysis of a core battery. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 11:02.
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