Advanced search
Publication Cover
School Effectiveness and School Improvement
An International Journal of Research, Policy and Practice
Volume 13, 2002 - Issue 1
Submit an article Journal homepage
1,311
Views
99
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Bullying in Middle School: Individual and School Characteristics of Victims and Offenders

Xin Ma
Pages 63-89 | Published online: 09 Aug 2010

Citations (99)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (29)

Katja Košir, Martina Zakšek & Ana Kozina. (2023) School Belongingness and Family Support as Predictors of School Bullying Perpetration and Victimization in Adolescents: Are Relations the Same for Students with an Immigrant Background?. Victims & Offenders 0:0, pages 1-19.
Read now
Daniel Fobi, Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie, Joyce Fobi, Obed Appau, Cyril Mawuli Honu-Mensah, Emmanuel Kwasi Acheampong & Rabbi Abu –Sadat. (2022) Bullying Victimisation Among Deaf Adolescents: A School-Based Self-Report Survey in Ghana. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education 69:1, pages 253-266.
Read now
Christian Bokhove, Daniel Muijs & Christopher Downey. (2022) The influence of school climate and achievement on bullying: Comparative evidence from international large-scale assessment data. Educational Research 64:1, pages 18-40.
Read now
Christos Koutsampelas, Kostas Dimopoulos & Thekla Katsiri. (2021) Parental Satisfaction In A Centralized School System: Evidence From Greece And Policy Implications. Leadership and Policy in Schools 20:2, pages 293-311.
Read now
Paul Horton & Camilla Forsberg. (2020) Safe spaces? A social-ecological perspective on student perceptions of safety in the environment of the school canteen. Educational Research 62:1, pages 95-110.
Read now
Danielle X. Morales, Sara E. Grineski & Timothy W. Collins. (2019) School bullying, body size, and gender: an intersectionality approach to understanding US 
children’s bullying victimization. British Journal of Sociology of Education 40:8, pages 1121-1137.
Read now
Katie A. Farina. (2019) Promoting a Culture of Bullying: Understanding the Role of School Climate and School Sector. Journal of School Choice 13:1, pages 94-120.
Read now
Sarah VanZoeren & Arlene N. Weisz. (2018) Teachers’ Perceived Likelihood of Intervening in Bullying Situations: Individual Characteristics and Institutional Environments. Journal of School Violence 17:2, pages 258-269.
Read now
Sara Brolin Låftman, Viveca Östberg & Bitte Modin. (2017) School climate and exposure to bullying: a multilevel study. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 28:1, pages 153-164.
Read now
Shane McCarty, Sophia Teie, Jenna McCutchen & E. Scott Geller. (2016) Actively caring to prevent bullying in an elementary school: Prompting and rewarding prosocial behavior. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 44:3, pages 164-176.
Read now
Simon Denny, Elizabeth R. Peterson, Jaimee Stuart, Jennifer Utter, Pat Bullen, Theresa Fleming, Shanthi Ameratunga, Terryann Clark & Taciano Milfont. (2015) Bystander Intervention, Bullying, and Victimization: A Multilevel Analysis of New Zealand High Schools. Journal of School Violence 14:3, pages 245-272.
Read now
Cixin Wang, Susan M. Swearer, Paige Lembeck, Adam Collins & Brandi Berry. (2015) Teachers Matter: An Examination of Student-Teacher Relationships, Attitudes Toward Bullying, and Bullying Behavior. Journal of Applied School Psychology 31:3, pages 219-238.
Read now
Maria Sarkova, Maria Bacikova-Sleskova, Andrea Madarasova Geckova, Zuzana Katreniakova, Wim van den Heuvel & Jitse P. van Dijk. (2014) Adolescents’ psychological well-being and self-esteem in the context of relationships at school. Educational Research 56:4, pages 367-378.
Read now
Leonidas Kyriakides, Bert P. M. Creemers, Dona Papastylianou & Marietta Papadatou-Pastou. (2014) Improving the School Learning Environment to Reduce Bullying: An Experimental Study. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 58:4, pages 453-478.
Read now
Leonidas Kyriakides, BertP. M. Creemers, Daniel Muijs, Lyset Rekers-Mombarg, Dona Papastylianou, Peter Van Petegem & Diana Pearson. (2014) Using the dynamic model of educational effectiveness to design strategies and actions to face bullying. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 25:1, pages 83-104.
Read now
Jannick Demanet & Mieke Van Houtte. (2012) The Impact of Bullying and Victimization on Students' Relationships. American Journal of Health Education 43:2, pages 104-113.
Read now
Peter J. Lovegrove, Kimberly L. Henry & Michael D. Slater. (2012) Examination of the Predictors of Latent Class Typologies of Bullying Involvement Among Middle School Students. Journal of School Violence 11:1, pages 75-93.
Read now
Jannick Demanet & Mieke Van Houtte. (2011) SOCIAL-ETHNIC SCHOOL COMPOSITION AND SCHOOL MISCONDUCT: DOES SENSE OF FUTILITY CLARIFY THE PICTURE?. Sociological Spectrum 31:2, pages 224-256.
Read now
Masaki Matsunaga. (2010) Testing a Mediational Model of Bullied Victims' Evaluation of Received Support and Post-Bullying Adaptation: A Japan-U.S. Cross-Cultural Comparison. Communication Monographs 77:3, pages 312-340.
Read now
Diane Naugler. (2010) Wearing Pink as a Stand Against Bullying: Why We Need To Say More. Journal of Homosexuality 57:3, pages 347-363.
Read now
Kris Varjas, ChristopherC. Henrich & Joel Meyers. (2009) Urban Middle School Students' Perceptions of Bullying, Cyberbullying, and School Safety. Journal of School Violence 8:2, pages 159-176.
Read now
MeganL. Marshall, Kris Varjas, Joel Meyers, EmilyC. Graybill & RebeccaB. Skoczylas. (2009) Teacher Responses to Bullying: Self-Reports from the Front Line. Journal of School Violence 8:2, pages 136-158.
Read now
SteliosN. Georgiou. (2009) Personal and Maternal Parameters of Peer Violence at School. Journal of School Violence 8:2, pages 100-119.
Read now
Korrie Allen, Dewey Cornell, Edward Lorek & Peter Sheras. (2008) Response of school personnel to student threat assessment training. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 19:3, pages 319-332.
Read now
Luba Falk Feigenberg, Melissa Steel King, DennisJ. Barr & RobertL. Selman. (2008) Belonging to and exclusion from the peer group in schools: influences on adolescents' moral choices. Journal of Moral Education 37:2, pages 165-184.
Read now
Motoko Akiba. (2008) Predictors of student fear of school violence: a comparative study of eighth graders in 33 countries. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 19:1, pages 51-72.
Read now
TanyaN. Beran, Ginger Hughes & Judy Lupart. (2008) A model of achievement and bullying: analyses of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth data. Educational Research 50:1, pages 25-39.
Read now
Corene de Wet. (2007) Free State educators' perceptions and observations of learner-on-learner, learner-on-educator and educator-on-learner school violence. Education as Change 11:1, pages 59-85.
Read now
Dorothy L. Espelage & Susan M. Swearer. (2003) Research on School Bullying and Victimization: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Go From Here?. School Psychology Review 32:3, pages 365-383.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (70)

Daniel S. Nagin, Shaina Herman & Timothy C. Barnum. (2023) Collective Guardianship, Reactive and Proactive. Crime and Justice 52, pages 487-523.
Crossref
Valeria Ivaniushina & Daniel Alexandrov. (2022) School structure, bullying by teachers, moral disengagement, and students’ aggression: A mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
Crossref
Anna Bullo, Lyne H. Zen-Ruffinen & Peter J. Schulz. (2022) Effects of Perceived School Rule Enforcement on Traditional and Cyber Victimization: A Panel Study among Early Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:16, pages 10218.
Crossref
Jacqueline Cerda-Smith, Seçil Gönültaş & Kelly Lynn Mulvey. (2022) Adolescent peer aggression judgments and expected bystander intervention in teen dating violence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 79, pages 101389.
Crossref
James Brown, John Keesler, Isaac Karikari, Gifty Ashrifi & Meg Kausch. (2020) School Principals Putting Bullying Policy to Practice. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37:1-2, pages NP281-NP305.
Crossref
Larissa Pople. 2022. Handbook of Children’s Risk, Vulnerability and Quality of Life. Handbook of Children’s Risk, Vulnerability and Quality of Life 213 234 .
Emerson Bouldin, Shubham R. Patel, Ching Siong TeyMia WhiteKristan P. AlfonsoNandini Govil. (2021) Bullying and Children who are Deaf or Hard‐of‐hearing : A Scoping Review . The Laryngoscope 131:8, pages 1884-1892.
Crossref
Irina Bergenfeld, Cari Jo Clark, Zara Khan, Emma C. Jackson & Kathryn M. Yount. (2021) Gender-sensitive school environment and bullying victimization among adolescent girls: A multilevel study in Nepal. PLOS ONE 16:7, pages e0253128.
Crossref
María B. Santamaría-Villar, Raquel Gilar-Corbi, Teresa Pozo-Rico & Juan L. Castejón. (2021) Teaching Socio-Emotional Competencies Among Primary School Students: Improving Conflict Resolution and Promoting Democratic Co-existence in Schools. Frontiers in Psychology 12.
Crossref
David Schwartz, Yana Ryjova, Hannah Fritz & Annemarie Kelleghan. 2021. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Bullying. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Bullying 485 501 .
Hanna Hultin, Laura Ferrer‐WrederKarin EngströmFilip AnderssonMaria Rosaria Galanti. (2021) The Importance of Pedagogical and Social School Climate to Bullying: A Cross‐Sectional Multilevel Study of 94 Swedish Schools . Journal of School Health 91:2, pages 111-124.
Crossref
Joanna Lizut. 2021. Research Anthology on School Shootings, Peer Victimization, and Solutions for Building Safer Educational Institutions. Research Anthology on School Shootings, Peer Victimization, and Solutions for Building Safer Educational Institutions 34 53 .
Nathalie O. Iotti & Tomas Jungert. 2020. Social Justice for Children and Young People. Social Justice for Children and Young People 71 90 .
. 2020. Social Justice for Children and Young People. Social Justice for Children and Young People.
Moira DeNike & Holly Gordon. (2019) Solution Team: Outcomes of a Target-Centered Approach to Resolving School Bullying. Contemporary School Psychology 24:2, pages 181-195.
Crossref
Anja Schultze-Krumbholz, Pavle Zagorscak, Markus Hess & Herbert Scheithauer. (2019) The Influence of School Climate and Empathy on Cyberbystanders’ Intention to Assist or Defend in Cyberbullying. International Journal of Bullying Prevention 2:1, pages 16-28.
Crossref
Christine K. Malecki, Michelle K. Demaray, Thomas J. Smith & Jonathan Emmons. (2020) Disability, poverty, and other risk factors associated with involvement in bullying behaviors. Journal of School Psychology 78, pages 115-132.
Crossref
William J. Hall & Hayden C. Dawes. (2019) Is Fidelity of Implementation of an Anti-Bullying Policy Related to Student Bullying and Teacher Protection of Students?. Education Sciences 9:2, pages 112.
Crossref
Kelly Lynn Mulvey, Seçil Gönültaş, Eric Goff, Greysi Irdam, Ryan Carlson, Christine DiStefano & Matthew J. Irvin. (2018) School and Family Factors Predicting Adolescent Cognition Regarding Bystander Intervention in Response to Bullying and Victim Retaliation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 48:3, pages 581-596.
Crossref
Gilberto Marzano & Joanna LizutJoanna Lizut. 2019. Cyberbullying and the Critical Importance of Educational Resources for Prevention and Intervention. Cyberbullying and the Critical Importance of Educational Resources for Prevention and Intervention 267 292 .
Lyndsay N. Jenkins, Stephanie S. Fredrick & Amanda Nickerson. (2018) The assessment of bystander intervention in bullying: Examining measurement invariance across gender. Journal of School Psychology 69, pages 73-83.
Crossref
Bitte Modin, Stephanie Plenty, Sara Låftman, Malin Bergström, Marie Berlin, Per Gustafsson & Anders Hjern. (2018) School Contextual Features of Social Disorder and Mental Health Complaints—A Multilevel Analysis of Swedish Sixth-Grade Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15:1, pages 156.
Crossref
Roger J. R. Levesque. 2018. Encyclopedia of Adolescence. Encyclopedia of Adolescence 508 512 .
Kelly Lynn Mulvey & Melanie Killen. (2017) Children’s and Adolescents’ Expectations about Challenging Unfair Group Norms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 46:10, pages 2241-2253.
Crossref
Mária Sarková, Dagmar Sigmundová & Michal Kalman. (2017) National Time Trends in Bullying among Adolescents in the Czech Republic from 1994 to 2014.. Central European Journal of Public Health 25:Supplement 1, pages S32-S35.
Crossref
Lyndsay N. Jenkins & Amanda B. Nickerson. (2016) Bullying participant roles and gender as predictors of bystander intervention. Aggressive Behavior 43:3, pages 281-290.
Crossref
Roger Neal McIntyre Jr., Lorna L. Alvarez-Rivera & T. Chris Owens. 2017. Public Health and Welfare. Public Health and Welfare 941 963 .
Sukkyung You & Jina Yoon. (2016) PEER VICTIMIZATION: EXPLORING PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES AND RECIPROCAL LONGITUDINAL RELATIONSHIP. Journal of Community Psychology 44:4, pages 426-441.
Crossref
Aaron Kupchik & Katie A. Farina. (2014) Imitating Authority. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 14:2, pages 147-163.
Crossref
Siying Guo. (2016) A META-ANALYSIS OF THE PREDICTORS OF CYBERBULLYING PERPETRATION AND VICTIMIZATION. Psychology in the Schools 53:4, pages 432-453.
Crossref
Roger Neal McIntyre Jr., Lorna L. Alvarez-Rivera & T. Chris Owens. 2016. Critical Examinations of School Violence and Disturbance in K-12 Education. Critical Examinations of School Violence and Disturbance in K-12 Education 210 233 .
Catarina Machado Azeredo, Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi, Claudia Leite de Moraes, Renata Bertazzi Levy & Paulo Rossi Menezes. (2015) School bullying: A systematic review of contextual-level risk factors in observational studies. Aggression and Violent Behavior 22, pages 65-76.
Crossref
Silja Saarento, Claire F. Garandeau & Christina Salmivalli. (2014) Classroom‐ and School‐Level Contributions to Bullying and Victimization: A Review. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 25:3, pages 204-218.
Crossref
Shelley Hymel, Robyn McClure, Miriam Miller, Ellen Shumka & Jessica Trach. (2015) Addressing school bullying: Insights from theories of group processes. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 37, pages 16-24.
Crossref
H. Wesley Perkins, Jessica M. Perkins & David W. Craig. (2014) No Safe Haven: Locations of Harassment and Bullying Victimization in Middle Schools. Journal of School Health 84:12, pages 810-818.
Crossref
Marissa A. Feldman, Tiina Ojanen, Ellis L. Gesten, Heather Smith‐Schrandt, Michael Brannick, Christine M. Wienke Totura, Lizette Alexander, David Scanga & Ken Brown. (2014) THE EFFECTS OF MIDDLE SCHOOL BULLYING AND VICTIMIZATION ON ADJUSTMENT THROUGH HIGH SCHOOL: GROWTH MODELING OF ACHIEVEMENT, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, AND DISCIPLINARY TRAJECTORIES. Psychology in the Schools 51:10, pages 1046-1062.
Crossref
Milena Batanova & Alexandra Loukas. (2013) Unique and Interactive Effects of Empathy, Family, and School Factors on Early Adolescents’ Aggression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 43:11, pages 1890-1902.
Crossref
Christian Berger & Diego Palacios. (2014) Associations between Prosocial Behavior, Machiavellianism, and Social Status: Effects of Peer Norms and Classroom Social Contexts. Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies 6:1, pages 19-30.
Crossref
Lisa M. Williams & Anthony A. Peguero. (2013) The Impact of School Bullying on Racial/Ethnic Achievement. Race and Social Problems 5:4, pages 296-308.
Crossref
Christopher Zou, Judith P. Andersen & John R. Blosnich. (2013) The Association Between Bullying and Physical Health Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Individuals. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 19:6, pages 356-365.
Crossref
Paul R. Smokowski, Katie L. Cotter, Caroline Robertson & Shenyang Guo. (2013) Demographic, Psychological, and School Environment Correlates of Bullying Victimization and School Hassles in Rural Youth. Journal of Criminology 2013, pages 1-13.
Crossref
Elizabeth D. Fredericksen & Suzanne McCorkle. (2013) Explaining Organizational Responses to Workplace Aggression. Public Personnel Management 42:2, pages 223-238.
Crossref
Silja Saarento, Antti Kärnä, Ernest V.E. Hodges & Christina Salmivalli. (2013) Student-, classroom-, and school-level risk factors for victimization. Journal of School Psychology 51:3, pages 421-434.
Crossref
Kostas A. Fanti & Stelios N. Georgiou. (2013) Bullying, Victimization, School Performance, and Mother-Child Relationship Quality: Direct and Transactional Associations. Journal of Criminology 2013, pages 1-11.
Crossref
Ikuko Aoyama, Lucy Barnard-Brak & Tony L. Talbert. 2013. Evolving Psychological and Educational Perspectives on Cyber Behavior. Evolving Psychological and Educational Perspectives on Cyber Behavior 246 257 .
Sara Shavel-Jessop, Joanna Shearer, Elizabeth McDowell & Daniela Hearst. 2013. Cleft Lip and Palate. Cleft Lip and Palate 917 926 .
Maria Sapouna, Dieter Wolke, Natalie Vannini, Scott Watson, Sarah Woods, Wolfgang Schneider, Sibylle Enz & Ruth Aylett. (2011) Individual and social network predictors of the short‐term stability of bullying victimization in the United Kingdom and Germany. British Journal of Educational Psychology 82:2, pages 225-240.
Crossref
Ann Wade & Tanya Beran. (2011) Cyberbullying: The New Era of Bullying. Canadian Journal of School Psychology 26:1, pages 44-61.
Crossref
Ikuko Aoyama, Lucy Barnard-Brak & Tony L. Talbert. (2011) Cyberbullying Among High School Students. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 1:1, pages 25-35.
Crossref
Denise C. Gottfredson & Stephanie M. DiPietro. (2010) School Size, Social Capital, and Student Victimization. Sociology of Education 84:1, pages 69-89.
Crossref
Maria Sapouna. (2009) Collective Efficacy in the School Context: Does It Help Explain Victimization and Bullying Among Greek Primary and Secondary School Students?. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 25:10, pages 1912-1927.
Crossref
Anne-Claire LarochetteAshley Nicole MurphyWendy M. Craig. (2010) Racial Bullying and Victimization in Canadian School-Aged Children. School Psychology International 31:4, pages 389-408.
Crossref
Motoko Akiba, Kazuhiko Shimizu & Yue‐Lin Zhuang. (2010) Bullies, Victims, and Teachers in Japanese Middle Schools. Comparative Education Review 54:3, pages 369-392.
Crossref
Allison S. Kert, Robin S. Codding, Georgiana Shick Tryon & Mariya Shiyko. (2009) Impact of the word “bully” on the reported rate of bullying behavior. Psychology in the Schools 47:2, pages 193-204.
Crossref
Motoko Akiba. (2010) What Predicts Fear of School Violence among U.S. Adolescents?. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 112:1, pages 68-102.
Crossref
Philip J. Cook, Denise C. Gottfredson & Chongmin Na. (2010) School Crime Control and Prevention. Crime and Justice 39:1, pages 313-440.
Crossref
Hsi-Sheng Wei, James Herbert Williams, Ji-Kang Chen & Hsiu-Yu Chang. (2010) The effects of individual characteristics, teacher practice, and school organizational factors on students' bullying: A multilevel analysis of public middle schools in Taiwan. Children and Youth Services Review 32:1, pages 137-143.
Crossref
Lorie D. Hamiwka, Cara G. Yu, Lorraine A. Hamiwka, Elisabeth M.S. Sherman, Blaire Anderson & Elaine Wirrell. (2009) Are children with epilepsy at greater risk for bullying than their peers?. Epilepsy & Behavior 15:4, pages 500-505.
Crossref
Bruce Sheppard, Jean Brown & David Dibbon. 2009. School District Leadership Matters. School District Leadership Matters 101 119 .
Line LeBlanc, Raymond Swisher, Frank Vitaro & Richard E. Tremblay. (2008) High School Social Climate and Antisocial Behavior: A 10 Year Longitudinal and Multilevel Study. Journal of Research on Adolescence 18:3, pages 395-419.
Crossref
Thormod Idsoe, Elin Solli & Elena Maria Cosmovici. (2008) Social psychological processes in family and school: more evidence on their relative etiological significance for bullying behavior. Aggressive Behavior 34:5, pages 460-474.
Crossref
Noel A. Card, Jenny Isaacs & Ernest V. E. Hodges. 2008. School Violence and Primary Prevention. School Violence and Primary Prevention 125 153 .
Line LeBlanc, Raymond Swisher, Frank Vitaro & Richard E. Tremblay. (2007) School social climate and teachers’ perceptions of classroom behavior problems: a 10 year longitudinal and multilevel study. Social Psychology of Education 10:4, pages 429-442.
Crossref
Nancy J. Cunningham. (2016) Level of Bonding to School and Perception of the School Environment by Bullies, Victims, and Bully Victims. The Journal of Early Adolescence 27:4, pages 457-478.
Crossref
Leonidas Kyriakides, Chrystalla Kaloyirou & Geoff Lindsay. (2010) An analysis of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire using the Rasch measurement model. British Journal of Educational Psychology 76:4, pages 781-801.
Crossref
Jean Sunde Peterson & Karen E. Ray. (2016) Bullying and the Gifted: Victims, Perpetrators, Prevalence, and Effects. Gifted Child Quarterly 50:2, pages 148-168.
Crossref
Christina Salmivalli, Ari Kaukiainen & Marinus Voeten. (2010) Anti‐bullying intervention: Implementation and outcome. British Journal of Educational Psychology 75:3, pages 465-487.
Crossref
Xin MA. 2004. Bullying. Bullying 19 34 .
David S. Benders. (2012) School Climate and Cyber-Bullying. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Crossref
Philip J. Cook, Denise C. Gottfredson & Chongmin Na. (2009) School Crime Control and Prevention. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.