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Combustion Science and Technology Volume 5, 1972 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Boron Ignition and Combustion in Air-Augmented Rocket Afterburners

MERRILL K. KING Atlantic Research Corporation Alexandria, Virginia
Pages 155-164 | Received 07 Feb 1972, Published online: 10 May 2007

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Song Wang, Mirko Schoenitz & Edward L. Dreizin. (2017) Combustion of Boron and Boron-Containing Reactive Composites in Laminar and Turbulent Air Flows. Combustion Science and Technology 189:4, pages 683-697.
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M. Schiemann, P. Fischer, J. Bergthorson, G. Schmid & D. Taroata. (2017) Combustion of Lithium Particles in N2—Reaction Rates. Combustion Science and Technology 189:1, pages 169-186.
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A. Makino & C. K. Law. (1988) A Simplified Model for the Combustion of Uncoated Boron Particles. Combustion Science and Technology 61:4-6, pages 155-168.
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MERILLK. KING. (1973) Boron Particle Ignition in Hot Gas Streams. Combustion Science and Technology 8:5-6, pages 255-273.
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Saugata Mandal, Syed Alay Hashim, Arnab Roy & Srinibas Karmakar. (2023) A short review of challenges and prospects of boron-laden solid fuels for ramjet applications. FirePhysChem 3:3, pages 179-200.
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Yiqiao Zhang, Zhiwen Wu, Zhihui Zhang, Pengxin Chen, Yupeng Niu, Xiaodong Chen, Yongpan He & Guanlin Fang. (2023) Effect of gas injection holes on mixing and combustion in solid propellant ducted rockets. Applied Thermal Engineering 226, pages 120212.
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Yang Liu, Yinglei Wang, Yuezhou Liu, Baodong Zhao, Weixiao Liu, Qilong Yan & Xiaolong Fu. (2023) High Calorific Values Boron Powder: Ignition and Combustion Mechanism, Surface Modification Strategies and Properties. Molecules 28:7, pages 3209.
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Ling Jiang, Zhou Ke, Xu Yihua, Sun Haijun & Liu Weigen. 2023. The Proceedings of the 2021 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology (APISAT 2021), Volume 2. The Proceedings of the 2021 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology (APISAT 2021), Volume 2 1199 1213 .
Xuefeng Huang, Minqi Zhang, Chengyuan Lin, Yihang Yang, Shengji Li, Hui Li, Yanjing Yang, Zhao Qin & Fengqi Zhao. (2022) Comparison on ignition and combustion of AlMgB composite fuel and B fuel. Chemical Engineering Journal 450, pages 138133.
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I. A. Bedarev & A. A. Syrovaten’. (2022) Simulation of the Dynamics of Ignition and Combustion of Boron Particles in Shook Waves. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 95:7, pages 1724-1731.
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Ximing Zhang, Wei Wu, Peng Jin, Shanjun Ding, Shuang Liu, Shuai Zhao, Wu Yang, Wenhao Liu & Yunjun Luo. (2022) Effect of azide polyether pyrolysis property on combustion and heat release of boron-based fuel-rich propellant. Combustion and Flame 245, pages 112269.
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Ivan Antonov, Amandin Chyba, Sahan D. Perera, Andrew M. Turner, Michelle L. Pantoya, Matthew T. Finn, Albert Epshteyn & Ralf I. Kaiser. (2022) Discovery of Discrete Stages in the Oxidation of exo -Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (C 10 H 16 ) Droplets Doped with Titanium–Aluminum–Boron Reactive Mixed-Metal Nanopowder . The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 13:41, pages 9777-9785.
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E. A. Lebedeva, S. A. Astaf’eva & T. S. Istomina. (2022) Modification of Boron Powders Used in Energy-Saturated Materials. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B 16:2, pages 316-322.
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V. A. Poryazov, K. M. Moiseeva, A. Yu. Krainov & V. A. Arkhipov. (2022) Numerical Simulation of Combustion of a Composite Solid Propellant Containing Boron Powder. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 58:2, pages 197-205.
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Jinjin Wang, Yihao Wen, Bailin Zha, Zhigao Xu & Tianhao Zhang. (2022) Effects of the Air Inlet Angle on the Combustion and Ablation Environment of a Hybrid Powder-Solid Ramjet. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2022, pages 1-16.
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Adi Zamostianu & Yinon Yavor. (2022) Burn rate of a novel boron-AN-water green solid propellant. FirePhysChem 2:1, pages 76-82.
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Binghong Chen, Shiquan Shan & Jianzhong Liu. (2022) Evolution of solid-liquid coupling combustion characteristics of boron suspension fuel in O2/Ar atmosphere. Combustion and Flame 237, pages 111869.
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Jinghui Wang, Baozhong Zhu & Yunlan Sun. (2022) Microscopic mechanism of α-rhombic crystal boron nanocluster oxidation in oxygen. Fuel 310, pages 122448.
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Elif Irem Senyurt & Edward L. Dreizin. (2022) At what ambient temperature can thermal runaway of a burning metal particle occur?. Combustion and Flame 236, pages 111800.
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Daolun Liang, Dekui Shen, Weidong Zhong, Yang Wang & Jianzhong Liu. (2021) Nuclear shell model for the ignition process of boron particle with binary surface oxide layer. Combustion and Flame 225, pages 320-328.
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A. Yu. Krainov, D. A. Krainov, K. M. Moiseeva, V. A. Poryazov & A. A. Khakimov. (2021) Mathematical Simulation of Combustion of Boron Powder Gas Suspension. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 94:2, pages 345-356.
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G. V. Ermolaev & A. V. Zaitsev. Analysis of experimental data on the burning time of boron particles in a flat burner. Analysis of experimental data on the burning time of boron particles in a flat burner.
K M Moiseeva & A Yu Krainov. (2020) Spark ignition of a mixture of aluminum and boron powders. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1666:1, pages 012036.
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Rangesh Jagannathan, Benjamin Dalman & Craig Johansen. (2020) Performance Analysis of High-Speed Airbreathing Engines Involving Boron Nanoparticle Injection. Performance Analysis of High-Speed Airbreathing Engines Involving Boron Nanoparticle Injection.
Grigoriy V. Ermolaev & Alexander V. Zaitsev. Combustion rate and ignition delay time of boron particles in flat-flame burner experiments. Combustion rate and ignition delay time of boron particles in flat-flame burner experiments.
Kerri-Lee Chintersingh, Yalun Sun, Mirko Schoenitz & Edward L. Dreizin. (2019) Heterogeneous reaction kinetics for oxidation and combustion of boron. Thermochimica Acta 682, pages 178415.
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K M Moiseeva & A Yu Krainov. (2019) Combustion model of boron-air suspension. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1382:1, pages 012062.
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K M Moiseeva & A Yu Krainov. (2019) Combustion of aluminum and boron powders suspended in the air. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1359:1, pages 012059.
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Yalun Sun, Kerri-Lee Chintersingh, Mirko Schoenitz & Edward L. Dreizin. (2019) Reactive Shell Model for Boron Oxidation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123:18, pages 11807-11813.
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Catherine Dillier, Andrew R. Demko, James C. Thomas, Kevin Grossman, Sudipta Seal & Eric L. Petersen. (2019) Evaluation of Composite Propellants Utilizing Various Nano-Scale Aluminum and Boron Incorporation Methods. Evaluation of Composite Propellants Utilizing Various Nano-Scale Aluminum and Boron Incorporation Methods.
Xu Hu, Yihua Xu, Wen Ao, Zhuoxiong Zeng, Chunbo Hu & Xiaofei Zhu. (2019) Ignition model of boron particle based on the change of oxide layer structure. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 37:3, pages 3033-3044.
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Pawan Kumar Ojha & Srinibas Karmakar. (2018) Boron for liquid fuel Engines-A review on synthesis, dispersion stability in liquid fuel, and combustion aspects. Progress in Aerospace Sciences 100, pages 18-45.
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Binbin Chen, Zhixun Xia, Liya Huang & Jianxin Hu. (2017) Ignition and combustion model of a single boron particle. Fuel Processing Technology 165, pages 34-43.
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Wen Ao, Yang Wang & Shixi Wu. (2017) Ignition kinetics of boron in primary combustion products of propellant based on its unique characteristics. Acta Astronautica 136, pages 450-458.
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Xinhang Liu, John Gonzales, Mirko Schoenitz & Edward L. Dreizin. (2017) Effect of purity and surface modification on stability and oxidation kinetics of boron powders. Thermochimica Acta 652, pages 17-23.
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Peng Zhang & Xiaoyu Ding. (2017) Effect of plasma on the ignition and combustion characteristics of boron containing systems. Effect of plasma on the ignition and combustion characteristics of boron containing systems.
Jan Veith & Michael Pfitzner. (2016) Combustion of Boron Particles in Premixed Methane/Air Flames. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 41:2, pages 260-266.
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Jonathan Sivan, Yehuda Haas, Dan Grinstein, Shiri Kochav, Gloria Yegudayev & Lev Kalontarov. (2015) Boron particle size effect on B/KNO3 ignition by a diode laser. Combustion and Flame 162:2, pages 516-527.
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W. Ao, J. H. Zhou, W. J. Yang, J. Z. Liu, Y. Wang & K. F. Cen. (2014) Ignition, combustion, and oxidation of mixtures of amorphous and crystalline boron powders. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 50:6, pages 664-669.
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Hong Yuan Wang, Yi Hua Xu, Xu Hu & Zhuo Xiong Zeng. (2014) Influence of Swirling Air on Ignition and Combustion Characteristics in Boron-Based Ducted Rocket. Applied Mechanics and Materials 684, pages 76-82.
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Heping Li, Wen Ao, Yang Wang, Hua Zhou, Jianzhong Liu & Junhu Zhou. (2014) Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Reactivity of the Oxidation of Boron Particles. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 39:4, pages 617-623.
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W. Ao, J. H. Zhou, J. Z. Liu, W. J. Yang, Y. Wang & H. P. Li. (2014) Kinetic model of single boron particle ignition based upon both oxygen and (BO) n diffusion mechanism. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 50:3, pages 262-271.
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Wen Ao, Yang Wang, Heping Li, Jianfei Xi, Jianzhong Liu & Junhu Zhou. (2014) Effect of Initial Oxide Layer on Ignition and Combustion of Boron Powder. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 39:2, pages 185-191.
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Ralf I. Kaiser, Surajit Maity, Beni B. Dangi, Yuan-Siang Su, B. J. Sun & Agnes H. H. Chang. (2014) A crossed molecular beam and ab initio investigation of the exclusive methyl loss pathway in the gas phase reaction of boron monoxide (BO; X 2 Σ + ) with dimethylacetylene (CH 3 CCCH 3 ; X 1 A 1g ) . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16:3, pages 989-997.
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Srinibas Karmakar, Neng Wang, Sumanta Acharya & Kerry M. Dooley. (2013) Effects of rare-earth oxide catalysts on the ignition and combustion characteristics of boron nanoparticles. Combustion and Flame 160:12, pages 3004-3014.
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J. Sivan & Y. Haas. (2013) Spectroscopic Characterization of B/KNO 3 Diode-Laser Induced Combustion . The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 117:46, pages 11808-11814.
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Surajit Maity, Dorian S. N. Parker, Beni B. Dangi, Ralf I. Kaiser, Stefan Fau, Ajith Perera & Rodney J. Bartlett. (2013) A Crossed Molecular Beam and Ab-Initio Investigation of the Reaction of Boron Monoxide (BO; X 2 Σ + ) with Methylacetylene (CH 3 CCH; X 1 A 1 ): Competing Atomic Hydrogen and Methyl Loss Pathways . The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 117:46, pages 11794-11807.
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XiaoCheng Mi, Samuel Goroshin, Andrew J. Higgins, Robert Stowe & Sophie Ringuette. (2013) Dual-stage ignition of boron particle agglomerates. Combustion and Flame 160:11, pages 2608-2618.
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Weijuan Yang, Wen Ao, Junhu Zhou, Jianzhong Liu, Kefa Cen & Yang Wang. (2013) Impacts of Particle Size and Pressure on Reactivity of Boron Oxidation. Journal of Propulsion and Power 29:5, pages 1207-1213.
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Dorian S. N. Parker, Nadia Balucani, Domenico Stranges, Ralf I. Kaiser & Alexander Mebel. (2013) A Crossed Beam and ab Initio Investigation on the Formation of Boronyldiacetylene (HCCCC 11 BO; X 1 Σ + ) via the Reaction of the Boron Monoxide Radical ( 11 BO; X 2 Σ + ) with Diacetylene (C 4 H 2 ; X 1 Σ g + ) . The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 117:34, pages 8189-8198.
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Bara Wahbeh, Tareq Abu Hamed & Roni Kasher. (2012) Hydrogen and boric acid production via boron hydrolysis. Renewable Energy 48, pages 10-15.
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Dorian S. N. Parker, Fangtong Zhang, Pavlo Maksyutenko, Ralf. I. Kaiser, Shih Hua Chen & Agnes H. H. Chang. (2012) A crossed beam and ab initio investigation on the formation of vinyl boron monoxide (C2H3BO; X1A′) via reaction of boron monoxide (11BO; X2Σ+) with ethylene (C2H4; X1Ag). Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14:31, pages 11099.
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Ashish Jain, Kitheri Joseph, S. Anthonysamy & G.S. Gupta. (2011) Kinetics of oxidation of boron powder. Thermochimica Acta 514:1-2, pages 67-73.
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Björn Hussmann & Michael Pfitzner. (2010) Extended combustion model for single boron particles – Part I: Theory. Combustion and Flame 157:4, pages 803-821.
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