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Original Articles

Dilution and Temperature Effects of Inert Addition on Soot Formation in Counterflow Diffusion Flames

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Pages 51-73 | Received 05 Oct 1987, Accepted 25 May 1988, Published online: 27 Apr 2007

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Read on this site (5)

Wei Yao, Jianping Zhang, Ali Nadjai, Tarek Beji & Michael Delichatsios. (2012) Development and Validation of a Global Soot Model in Turbulent Jet Flames. Combustion Science and Technology 184:5, pages 717-733.
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M. A. DELICHATSIOS. (1994) A Phenomenological Model for Smoke-Point and Soot Formation in Laminar Flames. Combustion Science and Technology 100:1-6, pages 283-298.
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D. B. MAKEL & I. M. KENNEDY. (1994) Soot Formation In Laminar Inverse Diffusion Flames. Combustion Science and Technology 97:4-6, pages 303-314.
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ALESSANDRO GOMEZ & DANIEL E ROSNER. (1993) Thermophoretic Effects on Particles in Counterflow Laminar Diffusion Flames. Combustion Science and Technology 89:5-6, pages 335-362.
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N. DARABIHA & S. CANDEL. (1992) The Influence of the Temperature on Extinction and Ignition Limits of Strained Hydrogen-Air Diffusion Flames. Combustion Science and Technology 86:1-6, pages 67-85.
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Articles from other publishers (52)

Kevin Gleason & Alessandro Gomez. (2023) A simple method for the quantitative assessment of soot production rate. Combustion and Flame 258, pages 113043.
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B. Tian, L. Fan, C.T. Chong, Z. Gao, J.-H. Ng, S. Ni, L. Zhu & S. Hochgreb. (2023) Soot volume fraction and size measurements over laminar pool flames and pre-vaporised non-premixed flames of biofuels, methyl esters and blends with diesel. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 141, pages 110794.
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Francesco Carbone, Kevin Gleason & Alessandro Gomez. 2023. Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future. Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future 27 61 .
Kevin Gleason, Francesco Carbone & Alessandro Gomez. (2022) Effect of equivalence ratio and temperature on soot formation in partially premixed counterflow flames. Combustion and Flame 242, pages 112088.
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Cheng Chong, Mingkun Cao, Bo Tian & Tian Xie. (2022) Measurements of Soot Particulate Emissions of Ammonia-Ethylene Flames Using Laser Extinction Method. Energies 15:14, pages 5209.
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Chun Lou, Zhicong Li, Yindi Zhang & Benjamin M. Kumfer. (2021) Soot formation characteristics in laminar coflow flames with application to oxy-combustion. Combustion and Flame 227, pages 371-383.
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Kevin Gleason, Francesco Carbone & Alessandro Gomez. (2021) Spatially resolved measurements of soot and gaseous precursors in ethylene counterflow diffusion flames up to 32 atm. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38:2, pages 2517-2524.
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Phillip R. Johnson, Rajan K. Chakrabarty & Benjamin M. Kumfer. (2020) Evaluation of semi-empirical soot models for nonpremixed flames with increased stoichiometric mixture fraction and strain. Combustion and Flame 219, pages 70-85.
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Zhiwei Sun, Bassam Dally, Zeyad Alwahabi & Graham Nathan. (2020) The effect of oxygen concentration in the co-flow of laminar ethylene diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame 211, pages 96-111.
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Yu Wang & Suk Ho Chung. (2019) Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 74, pages 152-238.
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Cristian A. Hoerlle & Fernando M. Pereira. (2019) Effects of CO2 addition on soot formation of ethylene non-premixed flames under oxygen enriched atmospheres. Combustion and Flame 203, pages 407-423.
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Kevin Gleason, Francesco Carbone & Alessandro Gomez. (2019) Pressure and temperature dependence of soot in highly controlled counterflow ethylene diffusion flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 37:2, pages 2057-2064.
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Kevin Gleason, Francesco Carbone & Alessandro Gomez. (2018) Effect of temperature on soot inception in highly controlled counterflow ethylene diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame 192, pages 283-294.
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Bo Tian, Yi Gao, Cen Zhang & Simone Hochgreb. (2018) Soot measurement in diluted methane diffusion flames by multi-pass extinction and laser-induced incandescence. Combustion and Flame 192, pages 224-237.
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Zhiwei Sun, Bassam Dally, Graham Nathan & Zeyad Alwahabi. (2017) Effects of hydrogen and nitrogen on soot volume fraction, primary particle diameter and temperature in laminar ethylene/air diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame 175, pages 270-282.
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Khalid Al-Qurashi, Angela D. Lueking & André L. Boehman. (2011) The deconvolution of the thermal, dilution, and chemical effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the reactivity of engine and flame soot. Combustion and Flame 158:9, pages 1696-1704.
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C.J. Unrau, V.R. Katta & R.L. Axelbaum. (2010) Characterization of diffusion flames for synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Combustion and Flame 157:9, pages 1643-1648.
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S.A. Skeen, G. Yablonsky & R.L. Axelbaum. (2010) Characteristics of non-premixed oxygen-enhanced combustion: II. Flame structure effects on soot precursor kinetics resulting in soot-free flames. Combustion and Flame 157:9, pages 1745-1752.
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Chad J. Unrau & Richard L. Axelbaum. (2010) Gas-phase synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes on catalysts producing high yield. Carbon 48:5, pages 1418-1424.
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Yong-taik Han, Kyeong-hyeon Lee & Kyoung-doug Min. (2010) A study on the measurement of temperature and soot in a constant-volume chamber and a visualized diesel engine using the two-color method. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23:11, pages 3114-3123.
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Saeed Jahangirian, Charles S. McEnally & Alessandro Gomez. (2009) Experimental study of ethylene counterflow diffusion flames perturbed by trace amounts of jet fuel and jet fuel surrogates under incipiently sooting conditions. Combustion and Flame 156:9, pages 1799-1809.
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Yong-taek Han, Ki-bum Kim & Ki-hyung Lee. (2008) The investigation of soot and temperature distributions in a visualized direct injection diesel engine using laser diagnostics. Measurement Science and Technology 19:11, pages 115402.
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J.C. Leylegian. (2008) Soot formation in aerodynamically strained methane–air and ethylene–air diffusion flames with chloromethane addition. Combustion and Flame 152:1-2, pages 144-153.
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Christopher W. Lautenberger, John L. de Ris, Nicholas A. Dembsey, Jonathan R. Barnett & Howard R. Baum. (2005) A simplified model for soot formation and oxidation in CFD simulation of non-premixed hydrocarbon flames. Fire Safety Journal 40:2, pages 141-176.
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Christopher B. Stipe, Brian S. Higgins, Donald Lucas, Catherine P. Koshland & Robert F. Sawyer. (2005) Inverted co-flow diffusion flame for producing soot. Review of Scientific Instruments 76:2.
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Antonio Cavaliere & Mara de Joannon. (2004) Mild Combustion. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 30:4, pages 329-366.
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Christopher B. Stipe, Brian S. Higgins, Donal D. Lucas, Catherine P. Koshland & Robert F. Sawyer. (2002) Soot detection using excimer laser fragmentation fluorescence spectroscopy. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 29:2, pages 2759-2766.
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C. Pels Leusden & N. Peters. (2000) Experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of oxygen on soot formation in laminar counterflow flames of acetylene. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 28:2, pages 2619-2625.
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M.D. Smooke, C.S. McEnally, L.D. Pfefferle, R.J. Hall & M.B. Colket. (1999) Computational and experimental study of soot formation in a coflow, laminar diffusion flame. Combustion and Flame 117:1-2, pages 117-139.
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K.T. Kang, J.Y. Hwang, S.H. Chung & W. Lee. (1997) Soot zone structure and sooting limit in diffusion flames: Comparison of counterflow and co-flow flames. Combustion and Flame 109:1-2, pages 266-281.
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Kermit C. Smyth & Christopher R. Shaddix. (1996) The elusive history of m∼= 1.57 – 0.56i for the refractive index of soot. Combustion and Flame 107:3, pages 314-320.
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P.B Sunderland & G.M Faeth. (1996) Soot formation in hydrocarbon/air laminar jet diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame 105:1-2, pages 132-146.
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Ö.L. Gülder, D.R. Snelling & R.A. Sawchuk. (1996) Influence of hydrogen addition to fuel on temperature field and soot formation in diffusion flames. Symposium (International) on Combustion 26:2, pages 2351-2358.
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P. J. Coelho & M. G. Carvalho. (1995) Modeling of soot formation and oxidation in turbulent diffusion flames. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 9:4, pages 644-652.
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D.X. Du, R.L. Axelbaum & C.K. Law. (1995) Soot formation in strained diffusion flames with gaseous additives. Combustion and Flame 102:1-2, pages 11-20.
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Ömer L. Gülder. (1995) Effects of oxygen on soot formation in methane, propane, and n-Butane diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame 101:3, pages 302-310.
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Gen Sugiyama. (1994) Nonluminous diffusion flame of diluted acetylene in oxygen-enriched air. Symposium (International) on Combustion 25:1, pages 601-608.
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T. Ni, S.B. Gupta & R.J. Santoro. (1994) Suppression of soot formation in ethene laminar diffusion flames by chemical additives. Symposium (International) on Combustion 25:1, pages 585-592.
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Robert J. Santoro & Thomas F. Richardson. 1994. Soot Formation in Combustion. Soot Formation in Combustion 221 238 .
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M.A. Delichatsios. (1993) Smoke yields from turbulent buoyant jet flames. Fire Safety Journal 20:4, pages 299-311.
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Ömer L. Gülder & David R. Snelling. (1993) Influence of nitrogen dilution and flame temperature on soot formation in diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame 92:1-2, pages 115-124.
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Rafael Villasenor & Ian M. Kennedy. (1992) Soot formation and oxidation in laminar diffusion flames. Symposium (International) on Combustion 24:1, pages 1023-1030.
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R.L. Axelbaum & C.K. Law. (1991) Soot formation and inert addition in diffusion flames. Symposium (International) on Combustion 23:1, pages 1517-1523.
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Ö.L. Gülder & D.R. Snelling. (1991) Formation and temperature of soot particles in laminar diffusion flames with elevated temperatures. Symposium (International) on Combustion 23:1, pages 1509-1515.
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D.X. Du, R.L. Axelbaum & C.K. Law. (1991) The influence of carbon dioxide and oxygen as additives on soot formation in diffusion flames. Symposium (International) on Combustion 23:1, pages 1501-1507.
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