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Original Articles

A Phenomenological Model for Smoke-Point and Soot Formation in Laminar Flames

Pages 283-298 | Received 02 Sep 1993, Published online: 06 Apr 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (7)

Shahrooz Motaghian & Tarek Beji. (2024) A laminar smoke point-based soot model considering surface growth and soot reactions. Combustion Theory and Modelling 28:2, pages 172-197.
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Kun Wang, Jun Fang, Jingwu Wang, Sumei Zheng, Luyao Zhao, Jinfu Guan & Yongming Zhang. (2020) A Mixture Fraction-Based Model and Axial Thermal Positions for Buoyancy/Momentum-Controlled Jet Diffusion Flames. Combustion Science and Technology 192:1, pages 62-77.
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Yi Niu, Ying Zhang, Xianfeng Chen & Dechuang Zhou. (2018) Application of the global soot model based on smoke point in simulation of multiple laminar diffusion flames. Combustion Science and Technology 190:6, pages 1060-1074.
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Wei Yao, Jianping Zhang, Ali Nadjai, Tarek Beji & Michael Delichatsios. (2012) Development and Validation of a Global Soot Model in Turbulent Jet Flames. Combustion Science and Technology 184:5, pages 717-733.
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T. L. Berry Yelverton & W. L. Roberts. (2008) Effect of Dilution, Pressure, and Velocity on Smoke Point in Laminar Jet Flames. Combustion Science and Technology 180:7, pages 1334-1346.
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T. Beji, J. P. Zhang & M. Delichatsios. (2008) Determination of Soot Formation Rate from Laminar Smoke Point Measurements. Combustion Science and Technology 180:5, pages 927-940.
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Lahna Acherar, Hui-Ying Wang, Bruno Coudour & Jean Pierre Garo. (2023) Assessment of Semi-Empirical Soot Modelling in Turbulent Buoyant Pool Fires from Various Fuels. Thermo 3:3, pages 424-442.
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Wenbin Yao, Xiao Chen & Shouxiang Lu. (2022) Investigation of 2D Soot Distribution and Characteristic Soot Volume Fraction of Flames in the Confined Compartment with a Horizontal Opening. Fire Technology 59:2, pages 497-516.
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Oscar Mariño, Felipe Muñoz & Wolfram Jahn. (2020) Soot production modelling for operational computational fluid dynamics fire simulations. Journal of Fire Sciences 38:3, pages 284-308.
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Yu Wang & Suk Ho Chung. (2019) Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 74, pages 152-238.
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Jingwu Wang, Jun Fang, Luyao Zhao, Jinfu Guan, Yongming Zhang, Jinhua Sun & Longhua Hu. (2019) Sooting tendencies of propane jet diffusion flame under crossflow. Fuel 245, pages 247-252.
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Dan Zhang & Sen Li. (2019) Imaging and radiation of laminar jet diffusion flames with low coflow air velocity in microgravity. Heat Transfer—Asian Research 48:4, pages 1370-1380.
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Yubo Bi, Jian Chen, Xiao Chen, Shouxiang Lu & Changhai Li. (2019) Experimental investigation of nitrogen addition effect on combustion characteristics of buoyant turbulent diffusion flame. Fuel 240, pages 237-243.
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C.J. Wang, H.R. Liu & J.X. Wen. (2018) An improved PaSR-based soot model for turbulent fires. Applied Thermal Engineering 129, pages 1435-1446.
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Longhua Hu. (2017) A review of physics and correlations of pool fire behaviour in wind and future challenges. Fire Safety Journal 91, pages 41-55.
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Vasily Novozhilov. (2017) Fire Hazards of Some Modern Solid Fuels. Energies 10:1, pages 113.
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F. Escudero, A. Fuentes, J.-L. Consalvi, F. Liu & R. Demarco. (2016) Unified behavior of soot production and radiative heat transfer in ethylene, propane and butane axisymmetric laminar diffusion flames at different oxygen indices. Fuel 183, pages 668-679.
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Hui Wang & Guo Da Wang. (2015) Interaction between Crosswind and Aviation-Fuel Fire Engulfing a Full-Scale Composite-Type Aircraft: A Numerical Study. Aerospace 2:2, pages 279-311.
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F. Nmira, J.L. Consalvi, R. Demarco & L. Gay. (2015) Assessment of semi-empirical soot production models in C1–C3 axisymmetric laminar diffusion flames. Fire Safety Journal 73, pages 76-90.
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H. Q. Dong, J. P. Garo, B. Magnognou & H. Y. Wang. (2015) A Tractable Solution for Engineering Calculations on Buoyancy Dominated Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames. Fire Science and Technology 34:1, pages 1-21.
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Zhibin Chen, Jennifer Wen, Baopeng Xu & Siaka Dembele. (2014) Extension of the eddy dissipation concept and smoke point soot model to the LES frame for fire simulations. Fire Safety Journal 64, pages 12-26.
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Longhua Hu, Qiang Wang, Michael Delichatsios, Shouxiang Lu & Fei Tang. (2014) Flame radiation fraction behaviors of sooty buoyant turbulent jet diffusion flames in reduced- and normal atmospheric pressures and a global correlation with Reynolds number. Fuel 116, pages 781-786.
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Wei Yao, Xiaokang Hu, Jianzhong Rong, Jian Wang & Hui Zhang. (2013) Experimental study of large-scale fire behavior under low pressure at high altitude. Journal of Fire Sciences 31:6, pages 481-494.
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Liming Li & Peter B. Sunderland. (2013) Smoke points of fuel–fuel and fuel–inert mixtures. Fire Safety Journal 61, pages 226-231.
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Jiusheng Yin, Wei Yao, Quanyi Liu, Zhihui Zhou, Nan Wu, Hui Zhang, Chao-Hsin Lin, Ted Wu & Oliver C. Meier. (2013) Experimental study of n-Heptane pool fire behavior in an altitude chamber. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 62, pages 543-552.
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Wei Yao, Jiusheng Yin, Xiaokang Hu, Jian Wang & Hui Zhang. (2013) Numerical Modeling of Liquid n-heptane Pool Fires based on Heat Feedback Equilibrium. Procedia Engineering 62, pages 377-388.
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K.T. Dotson, P.B. Sunderland, Z.-G. Yuan & D.L. Urban. (2011) Laminar smoke points of coflowing flames in microgravity. Fire Safety Journal 46:8, pages 550-555.
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Wei Yao, Jianping Zhang, Ali Nadjai, Tarek Beji & Michael A. Delichatsios. (2011) A global soot model developed for fires: Validation in laminar flames and application in turbulent pool fires. Fire Safety Journal 46:7, pages 371-387.
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T. Beji, J.P. Zhang, W. Yao & M. Delichatsios. (2011) A novel soot model for fires: Validation in a laminar non-premixed flame. Combustion and Flame 158:2, pages 281-290.
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Jianping Zhang, Michael Delichatsios & Matthieu Colobert. (2008) Assessment of Fire Dynamics Simulator for Heat Flux and Flame Heights Predictions from Fires in SBI Tests. Fire Technology 46:2, pages 291-306.
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Keenan Dotson, Peter Sunderland, Zeng-Guang Yuan & David Urban. (2010) Laminar Smoke Points in Coflow Measured Aboard the International Space Station. Laminar Smoke Points in Coflow Measured Aboard the International Space Station.
T. Beji, J. Zhang & M. Delichatsios. (2008) Soot Formation and Oxidation in Fires from Laminar Smoke Point Measurements. Fire Safety Science 9, pages 219-230.
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J. Zhang, M. Delichatsios, M. Colobert, J. Hereid, M. Hagen & D. Bakirtzis. (2008) Experimental And Numerical Investigations Of Heat Impact And Flame Heights From Fires In SBI Tests. Fire Safety Science 9, pages 205-216.
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Yu-Hsiang Huang, Ching-Yuan Lin, Tzu-Sheng Shen, Li-Ting Chen, Tsung-Min Cheng & Ying-Ji Chuang. (2007) Fire Safety Improvement for Existed Building by Combining Fire Dynamics, Investigation Skills, and CFD. Journal of Applied Fire Science 17:3, pages 205-234.
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Shihong Yan, Eric G. Eddings, Arpad B. Palotas, Ronald J. Pugmire & Adel F. Sarofim. (2005) Prediction of Sooting Tendency for Hydrocarbon Liquids in Diffusion Flames. Energy & Fuels 19:6, pages 2408-2415.
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Christopher W. Lautenberger, John L. de Ris, Nicholas A. Dembsey, Jonathan R. Barnett & Howard R. Baum. (2005) A simplified model for soot formation and oxidation in CFD simulation of non-premixed hydrocarbon flames. Fire Safety Journal 40:2, pages 141-176.
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V. Novozhilov. (2001) Computational fluid dynamics modeling of compartment fires. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 27:6, pages 611-666.
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J.B. Moss & C.D. Stewart. (1998) Flamelet-based smoke properties for the field modelling of fires. Fire Safety Journal 30:3, pages 229-250.
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Ian M Kennedy. (1997) Models of soot formation and oxidation. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 23:2, pages 95-132.
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Timothy G. Benish, Arthur L. Lafeur, Koli Taghiadeh & Jack B. Howard. (1996) C2H2 and PAH as soot growth reactants in premixed C2H4-air flames. Symposium (International) on Combustion 26:2, pages 2319-2326.
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