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Educational Research Volume 41, 1999 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

The extent and nature of bullying among primary and secondary schoolchildren

Mark G. Borg Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06, Malta
Pages 137-153 | Published online: 09 Jul 2006

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Ghada M. Abaido. (2020) Cyberbullying on social media platforms among university students in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 25:1, pages 407-420.
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Christopher Mensah & Melody E Appietu. (2019) Perceived mistreatment at a university: hospitality versus non-hospitality students in Ghana. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism 19:3, pages 234-255.
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Li Ming Chen, Ying Yao Cheng, Wen Chung Wang & Ching-Wen Hsueh. (2015) The intersection between perceived severity and frequency of being bullied: a Rasch measurement approach. Educational Psychology 35:4, pages 397-415.
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Maite Garaigordobil, Vanesa Martínez-Valderrey & Jone Aliri. (2014) Victimization, perception of violence, and social behaviour / Victimización, percepción de la violencia y conducta social. Journal for the Study of Education and Development 37:1, pages 90-116.
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Rona M. Novick. (2013) Rewriting tragedy: Understanding the cast of characters in the bullying drama. Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness 22:2, pages 73-93.
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RobertF. Valois, JelaniC. Kerr & ScottE. Huebner. (2012) Peer Victimization and Perceived Life Satisfaction Among Early Adolescents in the United States. American Journal of Health Education 43:5, pages 258-268.
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RachelE. Maunder, Alex Harrop & AndrewJ. Tattersall. (2010) Pupil and staff perceptions of bullying in secondary schools: comparing behavioural definitions and their perceived seriousness. Educational Research 52:3, pages 263-282.
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Qing Li. (2010) Cyberbullying in High Schools: A Study of Students' Behaviors and Beliefs about This New Phenomenon. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 19:4, pages 372-392.
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Christy Lleras. (2008) Hostile School Climates: Explaining Differential Risk of Student Exposure to Disruptive Learning Environments in High School. Journal of School Violence 7:3, pages 105-135.
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Mona Khoury-Kassabri & Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz. (2008) Student Victimization by Peers: Comparison Between Bedouin and Non-Bedouin Arab Students in Israel. Journal of School Violence 7:3, pages 3-23.
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ElysaR. Safran. (2008) Bullying Behavior, Bully Prevention Programs, and Gender. Journal of Emotional Abuse 7:4, pages 43-67.
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Sameer Hinduja & JustinW. Patchin. (2008) Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization. Deviant Behavior 29:2, pages 129-156.
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Catherine O'Brien. (2007) Peer devaluation in British secondary schools: young people's comparisons of group-based and individual-based bullying. Educational Research 49:3, pages 297-324.
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Keith Warren & Dawn Andersonbutcher. (2005) He Did It First! A Path Model of Interactions in the Aggressive Behaviors of Elementary School Boys During Three Successive Recess Periods. Journal of School Violence 4:1, pages 29-45.
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Carolyn Hilarski, CatherineN. Dulmus, MatthewT. Theriot & KarenM. Sowers. (2004) Bully-Victimization Related to Gender and Grade Level. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work 1:2-3, pages 5-24.
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Articles from other publishers (69)

Jacinta Francis, Natalie Strobel, Gina Trapp, Natasha Pearce, Sharmila Vaz, Hayley Christian, Kevin Runions, Karen Martin & Donna Cross. (2022) How does the school built environment impact students’ bullying behaviour? A scoping review. Social Science & Medicine 314, pages 115451.
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Amina Parveen, Shazia Jan & Insha Rasool. 2022. Handbook of Research on Bullying in Media and Beyond. Handbook of Research on Bullying in Media and Beyond 456 472 .
Justine Hubertus, Katharina Schneider, Katharina Barcatta, Anna-Lynn Schlund, Lena Schwind, Vera Hilger, Jan Hamborg & Charlotte Ries. 2022. Grief in Schools. Grief in Schools 69 133 .
Melissa J. DuPont-Reyes, Alice P. Villatoro, Jo C. Phelan, Kris Painter & Bruce G. Link. (2018) Patterns of Aggressive Behaviors Across Mental Health in Sixth Graders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36:9-10, pages NP4542-NP4563.
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Justine Hubertus, Katharina Schneider, Katharina Barcatta & Anna-Lynn Schlund. 2021. Trauer an Schulen. Trauer an Schulen 77 150 .
Esra Tekel & Engin Karadag. (2019) School bullying, school mindfulness and school academic performance: A structural equation modelling study. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 30:2, pages 129-145.
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Owen Daly & Teena Willoughby. (2020) A Longitudinal Person‐Centered Examination of Affinity for Aloneness Among Children and Adolescents. Child Development 91:6, pages 2001-2018.
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Chantal Miriam Puschmann. 2020. Mobbing an Schulen. Mobbing an Schulen 33 56 .
Walter W. Shelley & Dana Peterson. (2018) “Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones, But Bullying Will Get Me Bangin’”: Bullying Involvement and Adolescent Gang Joining. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 17:4, pages 385-412.
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Rosalba Manna, Samuele Calzone, Paola Adinolfi & Rocco Palumbo. (2019) School bullying as a quality issue in educational institutions. The TQM Journal 31:2, pages 274-291.
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Tian Han, Jincheng Zhang, Zhu Zhang, Guobing Sun, Liang Ye, Hany Ferdinando, Esko Alasaarela, Tapio Seppänen, Xiaoyang Yu & Shuchang Yang. (2018) Emotion recognition and school violence detection from children speech. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2018:1.
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Jiansheng Li, Chuanlan Luo, Yuyu Lin & Rustam Shadiev. (2018) Exploring Chinese Youth’s Internet Usage and Cyberbullying Behaviors and their Relationship. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 27:5, pages 383-394.
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Sameer Hinduja & Justin W. Patchin. (2017) Cultivating youth resilience to prevent bullying and cyberbullying victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect 73, pages 51-62.
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Peter SturmeyPhillip T. Slee, Grace Skrzypiec, Carmel Cefai & Francis Fabri. 2017. The Wiley Handbook of Violence and Aggression. The Wiley Handbook of Violence and Aggression 1 12 .
Julia Fluck. (2014) Why Do Students Bully? An Analysis of Motives Behind Violence in Schools. Youth & Society 49:5, pages 567-587.
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Andrew V. Dane, Zopito A. Marini, Anthony A. Volk & Tracy Vaillancourt. (2016) Physical and relational bullying and victimization: Differential relations with adolescent dating and sexual behavior. Aggressive Behavior 43:2, pages 111-122.
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Wendy Troop‐Gordon. (2017) Peer victimization in adolescence: The nature, progression, and consequences of being bullied within a developmental context ☆ . Journal of Adolescence 55:1, pages 116-128.
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Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz. 2017. Child Maltreatment in Residential Care. Child Maltreatment in Residential Care 269 299 .
Ray M. Merrill & Carl L. Hanson. (2016) Risk and protective factors associated with being bullied on school property compared with cyberbullied. BMC Public Health 16:1.
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Amy Ellen Schwartz, Leanna Stiefel & Michah W. Rothbart. (2016) Do Top Dogs Rule in Middle School? Evidence on Bullying, Safety, and Belonging. American Educational Research Journal 53:5, pages 1450-1484.
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Tirza H. J. van Noorden, William M. Bukowski, Gerbert J. T. Haselager, Tessa A. M. Lansu & Antonius H. N. Cillessen. (2015) Disentangling the Frequency and Severity of Bullying and Victimization in the Association with Empathy. Social Development 25:1, pages 176-192.
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Jacques QuintinPh.D. (phiPh.D. (phi, Emmanuelle JasminPh.D. (ergPh.D. (erg & Elena ThéodoropoulouPH.D. (phiPH.D. (phi. (2016) La cyberintimidation chez les jeunes : mieux comprendre pour mieux intervenir à l’école. Service social 62:1, pages 1-23.
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Li‐Ming Chen. (2015) Self‐Reported Frequency and Perceived Severity of Being Bullied Among Elementary School Students. Journal of School Health 85:9, pages 587-594.
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서봉언, 최성보 & Kim Kyung-Sik. (2015) An analysis of factors affecting adolescent cyber swearing: Using binominal logistic regression analysis. Korean journal of sociology of education 25:2, pages 47-68.
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Vimala Balakrishnan. (2015) Cyberbullying among young adults in Malaysia: The roles of gender, age and Internet frequency. Computers in Human Behavior 46, pages 149-157.
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Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz & Mona Khoury-Kassabri. (2015) Indirect and verbal victimization by peers among at-risk youth in residential care. Child Abuse & Neglect 42, pages 84-98.
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Thomas J. Holt, Michael G. Turner & M. Lyn Exum. (2014) The Impact of Self Control and Neighborhood Disorder on Bullying Victimization. Journal of Criminal Justice 42:4, pages 347-355.
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Naomi C. Z. Andrews, Laura D. Hanish, Richard A. Fabes & Carol Lynn Martin. (2013) With Whom and Where You Play: Preschoolers' Social Context Predicts Peer Victimization. Social Development 23:2, pages 357-375.
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Manuel Gámez-Guadix, Fabiola Villa-George & Esther Calvete. (2014) Psychometric Properties of the Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CBQ) Among Mexican Adolescents. Violence and Victims 29:2, pages 232-247.
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Dennis S.W. Wong, Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan & Christopher H.K. Cheng. (2014) Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents in Hong Kong. Children and Youth Services Review 36, pages 133-140.
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Drew Nesdale, Melanie Killen & Amanda Duffy. (2013) Children’s social cognition about proactive aggression. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 116:3, pages 674-692.
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Seokjin Jeong, Dae-Hoon Kwak, Byongook Moon & Claudia San Miguel. (2013) Predicting School Bullying Victimization: Focusing on Individual and School Environmental/Security Factors. Journal of Criminology 2013, pages 1-13.
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Kostas A. Fanti & Eva R. Kimonis. (2012) Bullying and Victimization: The Role of Conduct Problems and Psychopathic Traits. Journal of Research on Adolescence 22:4, pages 617-631.
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Silvia StaubliMartin Killias. (2011) Long-term outcomes of passive bullying during childhood: Suicide attempts, victimization and offending. European Journal of Criminology 8:5, pages 377-385.
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Branislava Popović-ĆitićSladjana DjurićVladimir Cvetković. (2011) The prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents: A case study of middle schools in Serbia. School Psychology International 32:4, pages 412-424.
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Jelani C. Kerr, Robert F. Valois, E. Scott Huebner & J. Wanzer Drane. (2010) Life Satisfaction and Peer Victimization Among USA Public High School Adolescents. Child Indicators Research 4:1, pages 127-144.
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Kate Keenan, Alison Hipwell, Xin Feng, Michal Rischall, Angela Henneberger & Susan Klosterman. (2010) Lack of Assertion, Peer Victimization, and Risk for Depression in Girls: Testing a Diathesis–Stress Model. Journal of Adolescent Health 47:5, pages 526-528.
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Kristin Carbone-LopezFinn-Aage Esbensen & Bradley T. Brick. (2010) Correlates and Consequences of Peer Victimization: Gender Differences in Direct and Indirect Forms of Bullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8:4, pages 332-350.
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David Farrington & Anna Baldry. (2010) Individual risk factors for school bullying. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 2:1, pages 4-16.
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Rachel E. Maunder & Andrew J. Tattersall. (2010) Staff experiences of managing bullying in secondary schools: The importance of internal and external relationships in facilitating intervention. Educational and Child Psychology 27:1, pages 116-128.
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Finn-Aage EsbensenDena C. Carson. (2009) Consequences of Being Bullied. Youth & Society 41:2, pages 209-233.
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Enrique Chaux, Andrés Molano & Paola Podlesky. (2009) Socio‐economic, socio‐political and socio‐emotional variables explaining school bullying: a country‐wide multilevel analysis. Aggressive Behavior 35:6, pages 520-529.
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Catherine P. Bradshaw, Anne L. Sawyer & Lindsey M. O'Brennan. (2009) A Social Disorganization Perspective on Bullying‐Related Attitudes and Behaviors: The Influence of School Context. American Journal of Community Psychology 43:3-4, pages 204-220.
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Amanda L Duffy & Drew Nesdale. (2009) Peer Groups, Social Identity, and Children's Bullying Behavior. Social Development 18:1, pages 121-139.
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Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz. (2009) Peer sexual harassment victimization at school: The roles of student characteristics, cultural affiliation, and school factors.. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 79:3, pages 407-420.
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Drew Nesdale, Kevin Durkin, Anne Maass, Jeff Kiesner & Judith A. Griffiths. (2008) Effects of Group Norms on Children's Intentions to Bully. Social Development 17:4, pages 889-907.
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Matthew C. Aalsma & James R. Brown. (2008) What Is Bullying?. Journal of Adolescent Health 43:2, pages 101-102.
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Kevin M. Fitzpatrick, Akilah J. Dulin & Bettina F. Piko. (2006) Not Just Pushing and Shoving: School Bullying Among African American Adolescents. Journal of School Health 77:1, pages 16-22.
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Anthony Volk, Wendy Craig, William Boyce & Matthew King. (2006) Adolescent risk correlates of bullying and different types of victimization. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 18:4.
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Mona Khoury-Kassabri. (2006) Student victimization by educational staff in Israel. Child Abuse & Neglect 30:6, pages 691-707.
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Qing Li. (2016) Cyberbullying in Schools. School Psychology International 27:2, pages 157-170.
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Maykel Verkuyten. 2009. Peer Relationships in Cultural Context. Peer Relationships in Cultural Context 339 364 .
Maykel Verkuyten & Jochem Thijs. (2016) Ethnic discrimination and global self-worth in early adolescents: The mediating role of ethnic self-esteem. International Journal of Behavioral Development 30:2, pages 107-116.
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Arja Rautio, Vappu Sunnari, Matti Nuutinen & Marja Laitala. (2005) Mistreatment of university students most common during medical studies. BMC Medical Education 5:1.
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Marla E. Eisenberg & Matthew C. Aalsma. (2005) Bullying and peer victimization: Position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of Adolescent Health 36:1, pages 88-91.
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Mona Khoury-Kassabri, Rami Benbenishty, Ron Avi Astor & Anat Zeira. (2004) The Contributions of Community, Family, and School Variables to Student Victimization. American Journal of Community Psychology 34:3-4, pages 187-204.
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Minne Fekkes, Frans I.M. Pijpers & S.Pauline Verloove-Vanhorick. (2004) Bullying behavior and associations with psychosomatic complaints and depression in victims. The Journal of Pediatrics 144:1, pages 17-22.
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Marcel F. van der Wal, Cees A. M. de Wit & Remy A. Hirasing. (2003) Psychosocial Health Among Young Victims and Offenders of Direct and Indirect Bullying. Pediatrics 111:6, pages 1312-1317.
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