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Ergonomics Volume 36, 1993 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Static force exertion in postures with different degrees of freedom

BRECHTJE J. DAAMS Department of Product Ergonomics, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 9, Delft, 2628 BX, The Netherlands
Pages 397-406 | Received 16 May 1991, Accepted 12 Sep 1991, Published online: 31 May 2007

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Yi-Lang Chen, Ting-Kuang Ho & Kuan-Liang Chen. (2021) Maximum strength levels for pulling and pushing handleless cartons in warehousing tasks. Ergonomics 64:9, pages 1174-1182.
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Chongyang Wang, Liangchang Shen & Wenguo Weng. (2020) Experimental study on individual risk in crowds based on exerted force and human perceptions. Ergonomics 63:7, pages 789-803.
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Nasser Rezzoug, Xuguang Wang, Vincent Hernandez & Philippe Gorce. (2019) Maximal isometric force exertion predicted by the force feasible set formalism: application to handbraking. Ergonomics 62:12, pages 1551-1562.
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Rahul Jain, Makkhan Lal Meena, Manoj Kumar Sain & Govind Sharan Dangayach. (2019) Pulling force prediction using neural networks. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 25:2, pages 194-199.
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Carl Mikael Lind. (2018) Pushing and pulling: an assessment tool for occupational health and safety practitioners. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 24:1, pages 14-26.
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Amy Y. Chow & Clark R. Dickerson. (2016) Determinants and magnitudes of manual force strengths and joint moments during two-handed standing maximal horizontal pushing and pulling. Ergonomics 59:4, pages 534-544.
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Calvin Or, Jia-Hua Lin, Hailiang Wang & Raymond W. McGorry. (2016) Normative data on the one-handed static pull strength of a Chinese population and a comparison with American data. Ergonomics 59:4, pages 526-533.
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Steven L. Fischer, Clark R. Dickerson & Richard P. Wells. (2014) Estimating maximum and psychophysically acceptable hand forces using a biomechanical weakest link approach. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 17:13, pages 1418-1431.
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Monica L. H. Jones, Matthew P. Reed & Don B. Chaffin. (2013) The effect of bracing availability on one-hand isometric force exertion capability. Ergonomics 56:4, pages 667-681.
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Na Jin Seo, ThomasJ. Armstrong & JustinG. Young. (2010) Effects of handle orientation, gloves, handle friction and elbow posture on maximum horizontal pull and push forces. Ergonomics 53:1, pages 92-101.
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Scott Netson MacKinnon. (2002) Effects of standardized foot positions during the execution of a submaximal pulling task. Ergonomics 45:4, pages 253-266.
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Denis Rancourt & Neville Hogan. (2001) Dynamics of Pushing. Journal of Motor Behavior 33:4, pages 351-362.
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A. J. Van Der Beek, B. D. R. Kluver, M. H. W. Frings-Dresen & M. J. M. Hoozemans. (2000) Gender differences in exerted forces and physiological load during pushing and pulling of wheeled cages by postal workers. Ergonomics 43:2, pages 269-281.
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KHALED W. AL-EISAWI, CARTER J. KERK, JEROME J. CONGLETON, ALFRED A. AMENDOLA, OMER C. JENKINS & WILLIAM G. GAINES. (1999) The effect of handle height and cart load on the initial hand forces in cart pushing and pulling. Ergonomics 42:8, pages 1099-1113.
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MARCO J. M. HOOZEMANS, ALLARD J. VAN DER BEEK, MONIQUE H. W. FRINGSDRESEN, FRANK J. H. VAN DIJK & LUC H. V. VAN DER WOUDE. (1998) Pushing and pulling in relation to musculoskeletal disorders: a review of risk factors. Ergonomics 41:6, pages 757-781.
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Te-Shiang Cheng. (1997) 人體推力與拉力能力之研究. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers 14:4, pages 377-384.
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Rahul Jain, K. B. Rana, Vikky Kumar & M. L. Meena. 2022. Recent Advances in Industrial Production. Recent Advances in Industrial Production 189 195 .
Rahul Jain, M. L. Meena & G. S. Dangayach. 2021. Ergonomics for Improved Productivity. Ergonomics for Improved Productivity 287 293 .
Alison C. McDonald, Carmen Tsang, Kimberly A. Meszaros & Clark R. Dickerson. (2020) Shoulder muscle activity in off-axis pushing and pulling tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 75, pages 102892.
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Masoud Feyzi, Hossein Navid & Iman Dianat. (2019) Ergonomically based design of tractor control tools. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 72, pages 298-307.
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Marco Placci, Marco Cerbai & Leonardo Bonci. 2019. Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018) 410 422 .
R. Figueroa-Jacinto, T.J. Armstrong & W. Zhou. (2018) Normal force distribution and posture of a hand pressing on a flat surface. Journal of Biomechanics 79, pages 164-172.
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Tzu-Hsien Lee. (2018) Foot placement strategy in pushing and pulling. Work 59:2, pages 243-247.
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Denny Yu, Xu Xu & Jia-Hua Lin. (2018) Impact of posture choice on one-handed pull strength variations at low, waist, and overhead pulling heights. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 64, pages 226-234.
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. 2018. Ergonomics. Ergonomics 661 704 .
Arun Garg, Thomas Waters, Jay Kapellusch & Waldemar Karwowski. (2014) Psychophysical basis for maximum pushing and pulling forces: A review and recommendations. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 44:2, pages 281-291.
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Dong-Pil Woo & Dong-Choon Lee. (2013) A Study on the Push and Pull Strength for the Design of Cart Handle. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea 32:4, pages 405-411.
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Jia-Hua Lin, Raymond W. McGorry & Wayne Maynard. (2013) One-handed standing pull strength in different postures: Normative data. Applied Ergonomics 44:4, pages 603-608.
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Akihiro AZUMA & Ikuo ANADA. (2013) Individual Differences in the Rope-Pulling Static Force in Relation to the Physical Characteristics of Adult Japanese Men. The Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 49:5, pages 238-243.
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Pilwon Hur, Binal Motawar & Na Jin Seo. (2012) Hand breakaway strength model—Effects of glove use and handle shapes on a person's hand strength to hold onto handles to prevent fall from elevation. Journal of Biomechanics 45:6, pages 958-964.
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Yi-Lang CHEN, Yu-Chi LEE & Tin-Chi HSU. (2011) Isometric Push and Pull Strengths of Young Taiwanese Males. Industrial Health 49:6, pages 696-702.
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P.S. Tiwari, L.P. Gite, J. Majumder, S.C. Pharade & V.V. Singh. (2010) Push/pull strength of agricultural workers in central India. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 40:1, pages 1-7.
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Jia-Hua Lin, Raymond W. McGorry & Wayne Maynard. (2009) One-Handed Pull Strength Capacity for the Male Population. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53:20, pages 1549-1553.
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Te-Shiang Cheng & Tzu-Hsien Lee. (2008) Two-Handed Isometric Pulling Strengths at Different Floor-Slope Angles. Perceptual and Motor Skills 107:3, pages 827-832.
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Na Jin SeoThomas J. Armstrong, Don B. Chaffin & James A. Ashton-Miller. (2008) The Effect of Handle Friction and Inward or Outward Torque on Maximum Axial Push Force. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50:2, pages 227-236.
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TE-SHIANG CHENG. (2008) TWO-HANDED ISOMETRIC PULLING STRENGTHS AT DIFFERENT FLOOR-SLOPE ANGLES. Perceptual and Motor Skills 107:7, pages 827.
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Tzu‐Hsien Lee. (2006) Pushing strengths under restricted space. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 17:1, pages 95-102.
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Karl Kroemer. 2004. Muscle Strength. Muscle Strength 367 378 .
Robert Andres. 2004. Muscle Strength. Muscle Strength 345 365 .
Te-Shiang Cheng & Tzu-Hsien Lee. (2016) Human Pulling Strengths in Different Conditions of Exertion. Perceptual and Motor Skills 98:2, pages 542-550.
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C.J. Rideout, M.D. Nowak, M.L. Newport & J.D. Enderle. (2000) Investigation of forces imposed upon the wrist during activities of daily living. Investigation of forces imposed upon the wrist during activities of daily living.
C.G Drury, S.J Czaja, G.V Prabhu, R.W Mayne & S Noland. (1998) Furniture tipping accidents: redesign for prevention. Accident Analysis & Prevention 30:5, pages 625-639.
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Yung-Hui Lee & Yi-Lang Chen. (2016) An Isometric Predictor for Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift for Chinese Men. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38:4, pages 646-653.
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Shrawan Kumar, Yogesh Narayan & Chris Bacchus. (2016) Symmetric and Asymmetric Two-Handed Pull-Push Strength of Young Adults. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37:4, pages 854-865.
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Shrawan Kumar. (1995) Upper body push-pull strength of normal young adults in sagittal plane at three heights. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 15:6, pages 427-436.
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