5,331
Views
126
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

, &
Pages 323-348 | Received 03 Apr 1997, Accepted 24 Nov 1997, Published online: 29 Mar 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (7)

Nicholas B. Dragone, L. Baker Perry, Adam J. Solon, Anton Seimon, Tracie A. Seimon & Steven K. Schmidt. (2023) Genetic analysis of the frozen microbiome at 7900 m a.s.l., on the South Col of Sagarmatha (Mount Everest). Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 55:1.
Read now
Anna M. Lenart-Boroń, Klaudia Kulik & Ewelina Jelonkiewicz. (2020) Antimicrobial resistance and ESBL genes in E. coli isolated in proximity to a sewage treatment plant. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 55:14, pages 1571-1580.
Read now
JW Walker, R van Duivenboden & MW Neale. (2015) A tiered approach for the identification of faecal pollution sources on an Auckland urban beach. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 49:3, pages 333-345.
Read now
M Kirs, VJ Harwood, AE Fidler, PA Gillespie, WR Fyfe, AD Blackwood & CD Cornelisen. (2011) Source tracking faecal contamination in an urbanised and a rural waterway in the Nelson-Tasman region, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45:1, pages 43-58.
Read now
TroyM. Scott, Joel Caren, G. Ross Nelson, TracieM. Jenkins & Jerzy Lukasik. (2004) Tracking Sources of Fecal Pollution in a South Carolina Watershed by Ribotyping Escherichia coli: A Case Study. Environmental Forensics 5:1, pages 15-19.
Read now
Karine Lemarchand, Luke Masson & Roland Brousseau. (2004) Molecular Biology and DNA Microarray Technology for Microbial Quality Monitoring of Water. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 30:3, pages 145-172.
Read now
Jan Gregor, Nick Garrett, Brent Gilpin, Cliff Randall & Darren Saunders. (2002) Use of classification and regression tree (CART) analysis with chemical faecal indicators to determine sources of contamination. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36:2, pages 387-398.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (119)

Vepika Kandjou & David O. Nkwe. (2023) Analysing the quality of Botswana's surface waters in terms of microbial contamination and postulating feasible treatment and removal means. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology.
Crossref
Daniela V. Cabrera, David A. Barria, Esteban Camu, Crispin Celis, Jefferson W. Tester & Rodrigo A. Labatut. (2023) Enhancing energy recovery of wastewater treatment plants through hydrothermal liquefaction. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 9:2, pages 474-488.
Crossref
Eleanore A. Larson, Ayomide Afolabi, Jingyi Zheng & Ann Sullivan Ojeda. (2022) Sterols and sterol ratios to trace fecal contamination: pitfalls and potential solutions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29:35, pages 53395-53402.
Crossref
Kevin Tsai, Vivian Hoffmann, Sheillah Simiyu, Oliver Cumming, Glorie Borsay & Kelly K. Baker. (2022) Bacteroides Microbial Source Tracking Markers Perform Poorly in Predicting Enterobacteriaceae and Enteric Pathogen Contamination of Cow Milk Products and Milk-Containing Infant Food. Frontiers in Microbiology 12.
Crossref
Swayam Prakash & Ashok Kumar Mishra. (2021) Photophysics of faecal pigments stercobilin and urobilin in aliphatic alcohols: introduction of a sensitive method for their detection using solvent phase extraction and fluorometry. Analytical Methods 13:46, pages 5573-5588.
Crossref
Andrew S. Ball, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Leadin S. Khudur, Arturo Aburto-Medina & David J. Smith. (2021) Factors Affecting Shellfish Quality in Terms of Faecal Contamination at Blakeney Point, East Anglia, UK. Water 13:22, pages 3192.
Crossref
Lailah Gifty Akita, Juergen Laudien, Charles Biney & Mark Osei Akrong. (2021) A baseline study of spatial variability of bacteria (total coliform, E. coli, and Enterococcus spp.) as biomarkers of pollution in ten tropical Atlantic beaches: concern for environmental and public health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28:36, pages 50941-50965.
Crossref
Swayam Prakash & Ashok Kumar Mishra. (2020) Stercobilin and Urobilin in Aqueous Media: Existence of Specific H-Aggregates and Nonspecific Higher Aggregates at Different Concentrations. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 124:48, pages 10053-10065.
Crossref
Styliano Florini, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Arturo Aburto-Medina, Leadin S. Khudur, Stephen M. Mudge, David J. Smith & Andrew S. Ball. (2020) Are Sterols Useful for the Identification of Sources of Faecal Contamination in Shellfish? A Case Study. Water 12:11, pages 3076.
Crossref
Michael Mezzacapo, Mary J. Donohue, Celia Smith, Aly El‐Kadi, Kim Falinski & Darren T. Lerner. (2021) Review Article: Hawai‘i's Cesspool Problem: Review and Recommendations for Water Resources and Human Health. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 170:1, pages 35-75.
Crossref
Geun Woo Park, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Amy L. Freeland, Vincent C. Marconi, Julie A. Boom, Mary A. Staat, Anna Maria Montmayeur, Hannah Browne, Jothikumar Narayanan, Daniel C. Payne, Cristina V. Cardemil, Aimee Treffiletti & Jan Vinjé. (2020) CrAssphage as a Novel Tool to Detect Human Fecal Contamination on Environmental Surfaces and Hands. Emerging Infectious Diseases 26:8, pages 1731-1739.
Crossref
Mahfuza Islam, Mahbubur Rahman, Leanne Unicomb, Mohammad Abdullah Heel Kafi, Mostafizur Rahman, Mahfuja Alam, Debashis Sen, Sharmin Islam, Amy J. Pickering, Alan E. Hubbard, Stephen P. Luby, Benjamin F. Arnold, John M. Colford & Ayse Ercumen. (2020) Child defecation and feces management practices in rural Bangladesh: Associations with fecal contamination, observed hand cleanliness and child diarrhea. PLOS ONE 15:7, pages e0236163.
Crossref
Styliani Florini, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Tien Ngo, Arturo Aburto-Medina, David J. Smith & Andrew S Ball. (2020) Factors Influencing the Concentration of Fecal Coliforms in Oysters in the River Blackwater Estuary, UK. Water 12:4, pages 1086.
Crossref
Swatantra Kumar, Amrita Haikerwal & Shailendra K. Saxena. 2020. Water-Associated Infectious Diseases. Water-Associated Infectious Diseases 5 9 .
Yanping Zhao, Yumei Song, Jinli Cui, Shuchai Gan, Xi Yang, Rui Wu & Pengran Guo. (2019) Assessment of Water Quality Evolution in the Pearl River Estuary (South Guangzhou) from 2008 to 2017. Water 12:1, pages 59.
Crossref
Shuchen Feng & Sandra L. McLellan. (2019) Highly Specific Sewage-Derived Bacteroides Quantitative PCR Assays Target Sewage-Polluted Waters . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85:6.
Crossref
Megan L. Devane, Elaine M. Moriarty, Beth Robson, Susan Lin, David Wood, Jenny Webster-Brown & Brent J. Gilpin. (2019) Relationships between chemical and microbial faecal source tracking markers in urban river water and sediments during and post-discharge of human sewage. Science of The Total Environment 651, pages 1588-1604.
Crossref
Zayre I. González-Acevedo, Marco A. García-Zarate & I.Pamela Flores-Lugo. (2019) Emerging contaminants and nutrients in a saline aquifer of a complex environment. Environmental Pollution 244, pages 885-897.
Crossref
Ayse Ercumen, Amy J. Pickering, Laura H. Kwong, Andrew Mertens, Benjamin F. Arnold, Jade Benjamin-Chung, Alan E. Hubbard, Mahfuja Alam, Debashis Sen, Sharmin Islam, Md. Zahidur Rahman, Craig Kullmann, Claire Chase, Rokeya Ahmed, Sarker Masud Parvez, Leanne Unicomb, Mahbubur Rahman, Pavani K. Ram, Thomas Clasen, Stephen P. Luby & John M. ColfordJr.Jr.. (2018) Do Sanitation Improvements Reduce Fecal Contamination of Water, Hands, Food, Soil, and Flies? Evidence from a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh. Environmental Science & Technology 52:21, pages 12089-12097.
Crossref
Megan L. Devane, Louise Weaver, Shailesh K. Singh & Brent J. Gilpin. (2018) Fecal source tracking methods to elucidate critical sources of pathogens and contaminant microbial transport through New Zealand agricultural watersheds – A review. Journal of Environmental Management 222, pages 293-303.
Crossref
Melanie D. Napier, Charles Poole, Jill R. Stewart, David J. Weber, Susan T. Glassmeyer, Dana W. Kolpin, Edward T. Furlong, Alfred P. Dufour & Timothy J. Wade. (2018) Exposure to Human-Associated Chemical Markers of Fecal Contamination and Self-Reported Illness among Swimmers at Recreational Beaches. Environmental Science & Technology 52:13, pages 7513-7523.
Crossref
Petr Junga, Pavel Mach & Jan Mareček. (2017) Evaluation of efficiency of technologies for wastewater sludge hygienisation. Research in Agricultural Engineering 63:2, pages 54-61.
Crossref
Elke S. Reichwaldt, Wei Y. Ho, Wenxu Zhou & Anas Ghadouani. (2017) Sterols indicate water quality and wastewater treatment efficiency. Water Research 108, pages 401-411.
Crossref
Marek Kirs, Roberto A. Caffaro-Filho, Mayee Wong, Valerie J. Harwood, Philip Moravcik & Roger S. Fujioka. (2016) Human-Associated Bacteroides spp. and Human Polyomaviruses as Microbial Source Tracking Markers in Hawaii. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82:22, pages 6757-6767.
Crossref
Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez, Gary A. Toranzos & Javier A. Arce-Nazario. (2016) Assessing the microbial quality of a tropical watershed with an urbanization gradient using traditional and alternate fecal indicators. Journal of Water and Health 14:5, pages 796-807.
Crossref
Christelle Schang, Rebekah Henry, Peter A. Kolotelo, Toby Prosser, Nick Crosbie, Trish Grant, Darren Cottam, Peter O’Brien, Scott Coutts, Ana Deletic & David T. McCarthy. (2016) Evaluation of Techniques for Measuring Microbial Hazards in Bathing Waters: A Comparative Study. PLOS ONE 11:5, pages e0155848.
Crossref
Anna Lenart-Boroń, Anna Wolanin, Łukasz Jelonkiewicz, Daria Chmielewska-Błotnicka & Mirosław Żelazny. (2015) Spatiotemporal Variability in Microbiological Water Quality of the Białka River and Its Relation to the Selected Physicochemical Parameters of Water. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 227:1.
Crossref
Megan L. Devane, David Wood, Andrew Chappell, Beth Robson, Jenny Webster-Brown & Brent J. Gilpin. (2015) Identifying avian sources of faecal contamination using sterol analysis. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187:10.
Crossref
Catherine D. Luyt, S. M. M. Khamanga, W. J. Muller & Roman Tandlich. (2015) Survival of Bifidobacteria and their usefulness in Faecal Source Tracking. Waste Treatment and Recovery 1:1.
Crossref
Gaurav Saxena, Ram Naresh Bharagava, Gaurav Kaithwas & Abhay Raj. (2015) Microbial indicators, pathogens and methods for their monitoring in water environment. Journal of Water and Health 13:2, pages 319-339.
Crossref
Melanie Wicki, Adrian Auckenthaler, Richard Felleisen, Fatma Karabulut, Isabel Niederhauser, Marcel Tanner & Andreas Baumgartner. (2015) Assessment of source tracking methods for application in spring water. Journal of Water and Health 13:2, pages 473-488.
Crossref
G Zirintunda, J Fyfe, Z Nsadha & C Waiswa. (2015) Environmental human faecal contamination in pig raising in Soroti district of Uganda: A short communication. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 7:1, pages 20-26.
Crossref
Timothy Sibanda, Vincent N. Chigor & Anthony I. Okoh. (2012) Seasonal and spatio-temporal distribution of faecal-indicator bacteria in Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185:8, pages 6579-6590.
Crossref
D. V. Bhensdadia, H. D. Bhimani, C. M. Rawal, V. V. Kothari, V. H. Raval, C. R. Kothari, A. B. Patel, V. D. Bhatt, N. R. Parmar, M. R. Sajnani, P. G. Koringa, C. G. Joshi, S. P. Singh & R. K. Kothari. (2013) Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia Phage ADB-2 Isolated from a Fecal Sample of Poultry . Genome Announcements 1:2.
Crossref
Arnau Casanovas-Massana & Anicet R. Blanch. (2012) Determination of fecal contamination origin in reclaimed water open-air ponds using biochemical fingerprinting of enterococci and fecal coliforms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20:5, pages 3003-3010.
Crossref
Coralie Biache & R. Paul Philp. (2013) The use of sterol distributions combined with compound specific isotope analyses as a tool to identify the origin of fecal contamination in rivers. Water Research 47:3, pages 1201-1208.
Crossref
S. Vignesh, K. Muthukumar, M. Santhosh Gokul & R. A. James. 2013. On a Sustainable Future of the Earth's Natural Resources. On a Sustainable Future of the Earth's Natural Resources 363 376 .
Andrée F. Maheux, Luc Bissonnette & Michel G. Bergeron. 2013. PCR Detection of Microbial Pathogens. PCR Detection of Microbial Pathogens 289 305 .
Alexandria B. Boehm & Jeffrey A. Soller. 2013. Environmental Toxicology. Environmental Toxicology 441 459 .
Kasi Murugan, Perumal Prabhakaran, Saleh Al-Sohaibani & Kuppusamy Sekar. (2011) Identification of source of faecal pollution of Tirumanimuttar River, Tamilnadu, India using microbial source tracking. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184:10, pages 6001-6012.
Crossref
M. Derrien, E. Jardé, G. Gruau, A.M. Pourcher, M. Gourmelon, A. Jadas-Hécart & A.C. Pierson Wickmann. (2012) Origin of fecal contamination in waters from contrasted areas: Stanols as Microbial Source Tracking markers. Water Research 46:13, pages 4009-4016.
Crossref
Marta Gómez-Doñate, Elisenda Ballesté, Maite Muniesa & Anicet R. Blanch. (2012) New Molecular Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Host-Specific Bifidobacteriaceae Suitable for Microbial Source Tracking. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78:16, pages 5788-5795.
Crossref
Vesna Furtula, Heather Osachoff, George Derksen, Hafizan Juahir, Al Colodey & Patricia Chambers. (2012) Inorganic nitrogen, sterols and bacterial source tracking as tools to characterize water quality and possible contamination sources in surface water. Water Research 46:4, pages 1079-1092.
Crossref
Melanie Wicki, Adrian Auckenthaler, Richard Felleisen, Marianne Liniger, Caroline Loutre, Isabel Niederhauser, Marcel Tanner & Andreas Baumgartner. (2012) Improved detection of Rhodococcus coprophilus with a new quantitative PCR assay. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 93:5, pages 2161-2169.
Crossref
L. Jeanneau, O. Solecki, N. Wéry, E. Jardé, M. Gourmelon, P. -Y. Communal, A. Jadas-Hécart, M. -P. Caprais, G. Gruau & A. -M. Pourcher. (2012) Relative Decay of Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Human-Associated Markers: A Microcosm Study Simulating Wastewater Input into Seawater and Freshwater. Environmental Science & Technology 46:4, pages 2375-2382.
Crossref
Martin E. Ohanu, Iniekong P. Udoh & Clara I. Eleazar. (2012) Microbiological Analysis of Sachet and Tap Water in Enugu State of Nigeria. Advances in Microbiology 02:04, pages 547-551.
Crossref
Alexandria B. Boehm & Jeffrey A. Soller. 2012. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology 8758 8770 .
Morgane Derrien, Emilie Jardé, Gérard Gruau & Anne-Catherine Pierson-Wickmann. (2011) Extreme Variability of Steroid Profiles in Cow Feces and Pig Slurries at the Regional Scale: Implications for the Use of Steroids to Specify Fecal Pollution Sources in Waters. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59:13, pages 7294-7302.
Crossref
X. Bonjoch, C. García-Aljaro & A.R. Blanch. (2011) Persistence and diversity of faecal coliform and enterococci populations in faecally polluted waters. Journal of Applied Microbiology 111:1, pages 209-215.
Crossref
Jingrang Lu, Hodon Ryu, Stephen Hill, Mary Schoen, Nicholas Ashbolt, Thomas A. Edge & Jorge Santo Domingo. (2011) Distribution and potential significance of a gull fecal marker in urban coastal and riverine areas of southern Ontario, Canada. Water Research 45:13, pages 3960-3968.
Crossref
Anne Jaffrezic, Emilie Jardé, Anne-Marie Pourcher, Michèle Gourmelon, Marie-Paule Caprais, Djilali Heddadj, Patrice Cottinet, Muhamad Bilal, Morgane Derrien, Romain Marti & Sophie Mieszkin. (2011) Microbial and Chemical Markers: Runoff Transfer in Animal Manure-Amended Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 40:3, pages 959-968.
Crossref
Dong-Myung Kim. (2011) Numerical Simulation of Fluorescent Whitening Agents (DAS1) in Tokyo Bay. Journal of Environmental Science International 20:4, pages 519-525.
Crossref
Mary E. Schoen, Jeffrey A. Soller & Nicholas J. Ashbolt. (2011) Evaluating the importance of faecal sources in human-impacted waters. Water Research 45:8, pages 2670-2680.
Crossref
Jane Caldwell, Pierre Payment & Richard Villemur. 2011. Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies. Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies 229 250 .
Gabriel Bitton. 2010. Wastewater Microbiology. Wastewater Microbiology 619 762 .
João P. S. Cabral. (2010) Water Microbiology. Bacterial Pathogens and Water. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7:10, pages 3657-3703.
Crossref
Jeffrey A. Soller, Mary E. Schoen, Timothy Bartrand, John E. Ravenscroft & Nicholas J. Ashbolt. (2010) Estimated human health risks from exposure to recreational waters impacted by human and non-human sources of faecal contamination. Water Research 44:16, pages 4674-4691.
Crossref
Norashikin Saim, Rozita Osman, Dayang Ratena Sari Abg Spian, Mohd Zuli Jaafar, Hafizan Juahir, Md Pauzi Abdullah & Fuzziawati Ab Ghani. (2009) Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. Water Research 43:20, pages 5023-5030.
Crossref
Jung Eun Lee, Mi Young Lim, Sei Yoon Kim, Sunghee Lee, Heetae Lee, Hyun-Myung Oh, Hor-Gil Hur & GwangPyo Ko. (2009) Molecular Characterization of Bacteriophages for Microbial Source Tracking in Korea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75:22, pages 7107-7114.
Crossref
X. Bonjoch, F. Lucena & A.R. Blanch. (2009) The persistence of bifidobacteria populations in a river measured by molecular and culture techniques. Journal of Applied Microbiology 107:4, pages 1178-1185.
Crossref
Jeanine D. Plummer & Sharon C. Long. (2009) Identifying sources of surface water pollution: A toolbox approach. Journal - American Water Works Association 101:9, pages 75-88.
Crossref
Maite Muniesa, Andrey Payan, Laura Moce-Llivina, Anicet R. Blanch & Juan Jofre. (2009) Differential persistence of F-specific RNA phage subgroups hinders their use as single tracers for faecal source tracking in surface water. Water Research 43:6, pages 1559-1564.
Crossref
X. Bonjoch & A. R. Blanch. (2008) Resistance of Faecal Coliforms and Enterococci Populations in Sludge and Biosolids to Different Hygienisation Treatments. Microbial Ecology 57:3, pages 478-483.
Crossref
S. Jones. 2009. Shellfish Safety and Quality. Shellfish Safety and Quality 3 42 .
Elaine Moriarty, Fariba Nourozi, Beth Robson, David Wood & Brent Gilpin. (2008) Evidence for Growth of Enterococci in Municipal Oxidation Ponds, Obtained Using Antibiotic Resistance Analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74:23, pages 7204-7210.
Crossref
Daniel E. Meeroff, Frederick Bloetscher, Thais Bocca & Frédéric Morin. (2008) Evaluation of Water Quality Impacts of On-site Treatment and Disposal Systems on Urban Coastal Waters. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 192:1-4, pages 11-24.
Crossref
R. Heath Kelsey, Laura F. Webster, David J. Kenny, Jill R. Stewart & Geoffrey I. Scott. (2008) Spatial and temporal variability of ribotyping results at a small watershed in South Carolina. Water Research 42:8-9, pages 2220-2228.
Crossref
Michael R. McLaughlin & John P. Brooks. (2008) EPA Worst Case Water Microcosms for Testing Phage Biocontrol of Salmonella . Journal of Environmental Quality 37:1, pages 266-271.
Crossref
Paul T. Yillia, Norbert Kreuzinger & Jude M. Mathooko. (2008) The effect of in-stream activities on the Njoro River, Kenya. Part II: Microbial water quality. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 33:8-13, pages 729-737.
Crossref
Punam Tyagi, Dwayne R. Edwards & Mark S. Coyne. (2007) Use of Sterol and Bile Acid Biomarkers to Identify Domesticated Animal Sources of Fecal Pollution. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 187:1-4, pages 263-274.
Crossref
J. W. DickersonJr.Jr., J. B. Crozier, C. Hagedorn & A. Hassall. (2007) Assessment of the 16S-23S rDNA Intergenic Spacer Region in Enterococcus spp. for Microbial Source Tracking . Journal of Environmental Quality 36:6, pages 1661-1669.
Crossref
Punam Tyagi, Dwayne R. Edwards & Mark S. Coyne. (2007) Use of selected chemical markers in combination with a multiple regression model to assess the contribution of domesticated animal sources of fecal pollution in the environment. Chemosphere 69:10, pages 1617-1624.
Crossref
Sunny C. Jiang, Weiping Chu, Betty H. Olson, Jian-Wen He, Samuel Choi, Jenny Zhang, Joanne Y. Le & Phillip B. Gedalanga. (2007) Microbial source tracking in a small southern California urban watershed indicates wild animals and growth as the source of fecal bacteria. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 76:4, pages 927-934.
Crossref
Katharine G. Field & Mansour Samadpour. (2007) Fecal source tracking, the indicator paradigm, and managing water quality. Water Research 41:16, pages 3517-3538.
Crossref
Megan L. Devane, Beth Robson, Fariba Nourozi, Paula Scholes & Brent J. Gilpin. (2007) A PCR marker for detection in surface waters of faecal pollution derived from ducks. Water Research 41:16, pages 3553-3560.
Crossref
Jeanine D. Plummer & Sharon C. Long. (2007) Monitoring source water for microbial contamination: Evaluation of water quality measures. Water Research 41:16, pages 3716-3728.
Crossref
J.W. DickersonJr.Jr., C. Hagedorn & A. Hassall. (2007) Detection and remediation of human-origin pollution at two public beaches in Virginia using multiple source tracking methods. Water Research 41:16, pages 3758-3770.
Crossref
James Ebdon, Maite Muniesa & Huw Taylor. (2007) The application of a recently isolated strain of Bacteroides (GB-124) to identify human sources of faecal pollution in a temperate river catchment. Water Research 41:16, pages 3683-3690.
Crossref
Jane M. Caldwell, Morgan E. Raley & Jay F. Levine. (2007) Mitochondrial Multiplex Real-Time PCR as a Source Tracking Method in Fecal-Contaminated Effluents. Environmental Science & Technology 41:9, pages 3277-3283.
Crossref
Donald M. Stoeckel & Valerie J. Harwood. (2007) Performance, Design, and Analysis in Microbial Source Tracking Studies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:8, pages 2405-2415.
Crossref
Marek Kirs & David C. Smith. (2007) Multiplex Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR for F + -Specific RNA Coliphages: a Method for Use in Microbial Source Tracking . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:3, pages 808-814.
Crossref
Kathryn M. Ivanetich, Pei-hsin Hsu, Kathleen M. Wunderlich, Evan Messenger, Ward G. WalkupIVIV, Troy M. Scott, Jerzy Lukasik & Jerry Davis. (2006) Microbial source tracking by DNA sequence analysis of the Escherichia coli malate dehydrogenase gene. Journal of Microbiological Methods 67:3, pages 507-526.
Crossref
Valerie J. Harwood. 2006. Microbial Source Tracking. Microbial Source Tracking 33 64 .
J. E. EbdonH. D. Taylor. (2006) Geographical Stability of Enterococcal Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Europe and Its Implications for the Identification of Fecal Sources. Environmental Science & Technology 40:17, pages 5327-5332.
Crossref
Georg H. Reischer, David C. Kasper, Ralf Steinborn, Robert L. Mach & Andreas H. Farnleitner. (2006) Quantitative PCR Method for Sensitive Detection of Ruminant Fecal Pollution in Freshwater and Evaluation of This Method in Alpine Karstic Regions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72:8, pages 5610-5614.
Crossref
Molly R. McLaughlin & Joan B. Rose. (2006) Application ofBacteroides fragilis phage as an alternative indicator of sewage pollution in Tampa Bay, Florida. Estuaries and Coasts 29:2, pages 246-256.
Crossref
M. R. McLaughlin, M. F. Balaa, J. Sims & R. King. (2006) Isolation of Salmonella Bacteriophages from Swine Effluent Lagoons . Journal of Environmental Quality 35:2, pages 522-528.
Crossref
T. L. Jones-Lepp. (2006) Chemical markers of human waste contamination: Analysis of urobilin and pharmaceuticals in source waters. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 8:4, pages 472.
Crossref
JOAN B. ROSE. 2006. Management of Intentional and Accidental Water Pollution. Management of Intentional and Accidental Water Pollution 85 101 .
M. Cimenti, N. Biswas, J. K. Bewtra & A. Hubberstey. (2005) Evaluation of microbial indicators for the determination of bacterial groundwater contamination sources. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 168:1-4, pages 157-169.
Crossref
Nalini Sankararamakrishnan & Qizhong Guo. (2005) Chemical tracers as indicator of human fecal coliforms at storm water outfalls. Environment International 31:8, pages 1133-1140.
Crossref
Andrey Payan, James Ebdon, Huw Taylor, Christophe Gantzer, Jakob Ottoson, Georgos T. Papageorgiou, Anicet R. Blanch, Francisco Lucena, Juan Jofre & Maite Muniesa. (2005) Method for Isolation of Bacteroides Bacteriophage Host Strains Suitable for Tracking Sources of Fecal Pollution in Water . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71:9, pages 5659-5662.
Crossref
Patrick K. Jjemba. 2005. Water Encyclopedia. Water Encyclopedia.
Susan T. Glassmeyer, Edward T. Furlong, Dana W. Kolpin, Jeffery D. Cahill, Steven D. Zaugg, Stephen L. Werner, Michael T. Meyer & David D. Kryak. (2005) Transport of Chemical and Microbial Compounds from Known Wastewater Discharges:  Potential for Use as Indicators of Human Fecal Contamination. Environmental Science & Technology 39:14, pages 5157-5169.
Crossref
Sharon C Long, Catalina Arango P.Jeanine D Plummer. (2005) An optimized enumeration method for sorbitol-fermenting Bifidobacteria in water samples . Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51:5, pages 413-422.
Crossref
Sylvie Seurinck, Willy Verstraete & Steven D. Siciliano. (2005) Microbial Source Tracking for Identification of Fecal Pollution. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 4:1-2, pages 19-37.
Crossref
Xavier Bonjoch, Elisenda Ballesté & Anicet R. Blanch. (2005) Enumeration of bifidobacterial populations with selective media to determine the source of waterborne fecal pollution. Water Research 39:8, pages 1621-1627.
Crossref
Anouk Martellini, Pierre Payment & Richard Villemur. (2005) Use of eukaryotic mitochondrial DNA to differentiate human, bovine, porcine and ovine sources in fecally contaminated surface water. Water Research 39:4, pages 541-548.
Crossref
Troy M. Scott, Tracie M. Jenkins, Jerzy Lukasik & Joan B. Rose. (2004) Potential Use of a Host Associated Molecular Marker in Enterococcus faecium as an Index of Human Fecal Pollution . Environmental Science & Technology 39:1, pages 283-287.
Crossref
Tracie M. Jenkins, Troy M. Scott, Mechelle R. Morgan & Joan B. Rose. (2005) Occurrence of Alternative Fecal Indicators and Enteric Viruses in Michigan Rivers. Journal of Great Lakes Research 31:1, pages 22-31.
Crossref
Donald M. StoeckelMelvin V. MathesKenneth E. HyerCharles HagedornHoward KatorJerzy LukasikTara L. O'BrienTerry W. FengerMansour SamadpourKriston M. StricklerBruce A. Wiggins. (2004) Comparison of Seven Protocols To Identify Fecal Contamination Sources Using Escherichia coli . Environmental Science & Technology 38:22, pages 6109-6117.
Crossref
Jan Vinjé, Sjon J. G. Oudejans, Jill R. Stewart, Mark D. Sobsey & Sharon C. Long. (2004) Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Male-Specific Coliphages by Reverse Transcription-PCR and Reverse Line Blot Hybridization. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70:10, pages 5996-6004.
Crossref
X. Bonjoch, E. Ballesté & A. R. Blanch. (2004) Multiplex PCR with 16S rRNA Gene-Targeted Primers of Bifidobacterium spp. To Identify Sources of Fecal Pollution . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70:5, pages 3171-3175.
Crossref
R.W. Muirhead, R.J. Davies-Colley, A.M. Donnison & J.W. Nagels. (2004) Faecal bacteria yields in artificial flood events: quantifying in-stream stores. Water Research 38:5, pages 1215-1224.
Crossref
Joyce M Simpson, Jorge W Santo Domingo & Donald J Reasoner. (2004) Assessment of equine fecal contamination: the search for alternative bacterial source-tracking targets. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 47:1, pages 65-75.
Crossref
A.R. Blanch, J.L. Caplin, A. Iversen, I. Kühn, A. Manero, H.D. Taylor & X. Vilanova. (2003) Comparison of enterococcal populations related to urban and hospital wastewater in various climatic and geographic European regions. Journal of Applied Microbiology 94:6, pages 994-1002.
Crossref
Yolanda Nebra, Xavier Bonjoch & Anicet R. Blanch. (2003) Use of Bifidobacterium dentium as an Indicator of the Origin of Fecal Water Pollution . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69:5, pages 2651-2656.
Crossref
Juan J. Borrego, Dolores Castro & Ma Jos�� Figueras. 2003. Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology. Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology.
Howard Kator & Martha Rhodes. 2003. Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology. Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology 113 144 .
Troy M. Scott, Joan B. Rose, Tracie M. Jenkins, Samuel R. Farrah & Jerzy Lukasik. (2002) Microbial Source Tracking: Current Methodology and Future Directions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68:12, pages 5796-5803.
Crossref
Yuko Hayashi, Satoshi Managaki & Hideshige Takada. (2002) Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Tokyo Bay and Adjacent Rivers:  Their Application as Anthropogenic Molecular Markers in Coastal Environments. Environmental Science & Technology 36:16, pages 3556-3563.
Crossref
Yolanda Nebra, Joan Jofre & Anicet R Blanch. (2002) The effect of reducing agents on the recovery of injured Bifidobacterium cells. Journal of Microbiological Methods 49:3, pages 247-254.
Crossref
M. Schaper, J. Jofre, M. Uys & W.O.K. Grabow. (2002) Distribution of genotypes of F-specific RNA bacteriophages in human and non-human sources of faecal pollution in South Africa and Spain. Journal of Applied Microbiology 92:4, pages 657-667.
Crossref
P.A. Lynch, B.J. Gilpin, L.W. Sinton & M.G. Savill. (2002) The detection of Bifidobacterium adolescentis by colony hybridization as an indicator of human faecal pollution. Journal of Applied Microbiology 92:3, pages 526-533.
Crossref
X. Vilanova, A. Manero, M. Cerda-Cuellar & A.R. Blanch. (2002) The effect of a sewage treatment plant effluent on the faecal coliforms and enterococci populations of the reception river waters. Journal of Applied Microbiology 92:2, pages 210-214.
Crossref
Marion G Savill, Sonya R Murray, Paula Scholes, Els W Maas, Rachel E McCormick, Edward B Moore & Brent J Gilpin. (2001) Application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and TaqMan™ PCR techniques to the detection and identification of Rhodococcus coprophilus in faecal samples. Journal of Microbiological Methods 47:3, pages 355-368.
Crossref
DALE W. GRIFFIN, ERIN K. LIPP, MOLLY R. McLAUGHLIN & JOAN B. ROSE. (2001) Marine Recreation and Public Health Microbiology: Quest for the Ideal Indicator. BioScience 51:10, pages 817.
Crossref
Joan B. Rose & Stephanie L. Molloy. 2009. Globalization: Effects on Fisheries Resources. Globalization: Effects on Fisheries Resources 92 119 .
Stephen M. Mudge & Andrew S. Ball. 1964. Environmental Forensics. Environmental Forensics 35 53 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.