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Original Article

Assessment of salivary urea as a less invasive alternative to serum determinations

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Pages 330-334 | Received 15 Aug 2008, Accepted 22 Oct 2008, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Anna Gawron-Skarbek, Anna Prymont-Przymińska, Agnieszka Sobczak, Agnieszka Guligowska, Tomasz Kostka, Dariusz Nowak & Franciszek Szatko. (2018) A comparison of native and non-urate Total Antioxidant Capacity of fasting plasma and saliva among middle-aged and older subjects. Redox Report 23:1, pages 57-62.
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Tzu-Ling Lin, Rhys D.R. Evans, Robert J. Unwin, Jill T. Norman & Peter R. Rich. (2022) Assessment of Measurement of Salivary Urea by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy to Screen for CKD. Kidney360 3:2, pages 357-363.
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Deepak Gowda Sadashivappa Pateel, Shilpa Gunjal, Liew Fong Fong & Nur Sulwana Mohd Hanapi. (2021) Association of Salivary Statherin, Calcium, and Proline-Rich Proteins on Oral Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Dentistry 2021, pages 1-6.
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Renata Prata Cunha Bernardes RODRIGUES, Walbert de Andrade VIEIRA, Walter Luiz SIQUEIRA, Bernardo Antonio AGOSTINI, Eduardo Buozi MOFFA & Luiz Renato PARANHOS. (2021) Saliva as a tool for monitoring hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Oral Research 35.
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Alexandra Gaál Kovalčíková, N. Ivašková, J. Hodosy, Ľ. Podracká, P. Celec & Ľ. Tóthová. (2021) Measurement of Urea in the Saliva of Healthy Mice – a Pilot Study. Folia Biologica 67:4, pages 158-162.
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Renata Prata Cunha Bernardes Rodrigues, Walbert de Andrade Vieira, Walter Luiz Siqueira, Cauane Blumenberg, Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino, Sérgio Vitorino Cardoso, Carlos Flores-Mir & Luiz Renato Paranhos. (2020) Saliva as an alternative to blood in the determination of uremic state in adult patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Oral Investigations 24:7, pages 2203-2217.
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Rhys D R Evans, Ulla Hemmila, Henry Mzinganjira, Mwayi Mtekateka, Enos Banda, Naomi Sibale, Zuze Kawale, Chimota Phiri, Gavin Dreyer, Viviane Calice-Silva, Jochen G Raimann, Nathan Levin, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Ravi Mehta & Etienne Macedo. (2020) Diagnostic performance of a point-of-care saliva urea nitrogen dipstick to screen for kidney disease in low-resource settings where serum creatinine is unavailable. BMJ Global Health 5:5, pages e002312.
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Fernando Neves Nogueira, Ana Carolina Romero, Marlus da Silva Pedrosa, Flavia Kazue Ibuki & Cassia Toledo Bergamaschi. (2020) Oxidative stress and the antioxidant system in salivary glands of rats with experimental chronic kidney disease. Archives of Oral Biology 113, pages 104709.
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Mateusz Maciejczyk, Piotr Żukowski & Anna Zalewska. 2020. Saliva in Health and Disease. Saliva in Health and Disease 193 219 .
Ayman Ali Saeed, Mohammed Nooredeen Abbas, Baljit Singh, Ragab E. Abou-Zeid & Samir Kamel. (2019) Cellulose nanocrystals decorated with gold nanoparticles immobilizing GOx enzyme for non-invasive biosensing of human salivary glucose. Analytical Methods 11:48, pages 6073-6083.
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Kuan-Hsun Wang, Ju-Chun Hsieh, Chang-Chiang Chen, Hsiao-Wen Zan, Hsin-Fei Meng, Sheng-Yu Kuo & Minh Trâm Ngọc Nguyễn. (2019) A low-cost, portable and easy-operated salivary urea sensor for point-of-care application. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 132, pages 352-359.
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Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Luis Pardo-Marin, Fernando Tecles, Juana Dolores Carrillo, Juan Diego Garcia-Martinez, Luis Bernal, Josep Pastor, José J. Cerón & Silvia Martinez-Subiela. (2018) Measurement of urea and creatinine in saliva of dogs: a pilot study. BMC Veterinary Research 14:1.
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Holly Clingan, Devon Rusk, Kathryn Smith & Antonio Garcia. (2018) Viscous Fingering of Miscible Liquids in Porous and Swellable Media for Rapid Diagnostic Tests. Bioengineering 5:4, pages 94.
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Alexandra Kovalčíková, Katarína Janšáková, Marianna Gyurászová, Ľudmila Podracká, Katarína Šebeková, Peter Celec & Ľubomíra Tóthová. (2018) Salivary creatinine and urea are higher in an experimental model of acute but not chronic renal disease. PLOS ONE 13:7, pages e0200391.
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Rhys D.R. Evans, William Cooke, Ulla Hemmila, Viviane Calice-Silva, Jochen Raimann, Alison Craik, Chimwemwe Mandula, Priscilla Mvula, Ausbert Msusa, Gavin Dreyer, Nathan W. Levin & Roberto Pecoits-Filho. (2018) A Salivary Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Obstetric-Related Acute Kidney Disease in Malawi. Kidney International Reports 3:1, pages 178-184.
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Gordon B. Proctor & Abeer K. Shaalan. 2018. Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract 813 830 .
Taye Jemilat Lasisi, Yemi Raheem Raji & Babatunde Lawal Salako. (2016) Salivary creatinine and urea analysis in patients with chronic kidney disease: a case control study. BMC Nephrology 17:1.
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Ismail Bayrakli, Aysenur Turkmen, Hatice Akman, M. Tugrul Sezer & Suleyman Kutluhan. (2016) Applications of external cavity diode laser-based technique to noninvasive clinical diagnosis using expired breath ammonia analysis: chronic kidney disease, epilepsy. Journal of Biomedical Optics 21:8, pages 087004.
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W Chen, S Laiho, O Vaittinen, L Halonen, F Ortiz, C Forsblom, P-H Groop, M Lehto & M Metsälä. (2016) Biochemical pathways of breath ammonia (NH 3 ) generation in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis . Journal of Breath Research 10:3, pages 036011.
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Ismail Bayrakli, Aysenur Turkmen & Muhammet Cem Kockar. (2016) Feasibility Study of Using Breath Ammonia Analysis Based on Off-Axis Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with External Cavity Diode Laser for Noninvasive Real-Time Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori . Applied Spectroscopy 70:8, pages 1269-1277.
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Ana Carolina Romero, Cassia Toledo Bergamaschi, Douglas Nesadal de Souza & Fernando Neves Nogueira. (2016) Salivary Alterations in Rats with Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease. PLOS ONE 11:2, pages e0148742.
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Peter Celec, Ľubomíra Tóthová, Katarína Šebeková, Ľudmila Podracká & Peter Boor. (2016) Salivary markers of kidney function — Potentials and limitations. Clinica Chimica Acta 453, pages 28-37.
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Viviane Calice-Silva, Jochen G. Raimann, Wen Wu, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Peter Kotanko & Nathan Levin. 2016. Biomarkers in Kidney Disease. Biomarkers in Kidney Disease 647 665 .
Viviane Calice-Silva, Jochen G. Raimann, Wen Wu, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Peter Kotanko & Nathan Levin. 2015. Biomarkers in Kidney Disease. Biomarkers in Kidney Disease 1 19 .
W Chen, M Metsälä, O Vaittinen & L Halonen. (2014) The origin of mouth-exhaled ammonia. Journal of Breath Research 8:3, pages 036003.
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L Vuletic, S Spalj, D Rogic, L Ruzic & I Alajbeg. (2013) Effect of L-arginine dietary supplementation on salivary urea concentration and pH in physically active individuals. Australian Dental Journal 58:4, pages 491-497.
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F M Schmidt, O Vaittinen, M Metsälä, M Lehto, C Forsblom, P-H Groop & L Halonen. (2013) Ammonia in breath and emitted from skin. Journal of Breath Research 7:1, pages 017109.
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Can-hui Peng, Yun-cheng Xia, Yong Wu, Zhi-fang Zhou, Ping Cheng & Ping Xiao. (2013) Influencing factors for saliva urea and its application in chronic kidney disease. Clinical Biochemistry 46:3, pages 275-277.
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