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The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Encompassing All Addictive Disorders
Volume 48, 2022 - Issue 6
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Original Article

Kratom use as more than a “self-treatment”

Kirsten E. Smitha Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramReal-world, Baltimore, MD, USACorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-3688View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Kelly E. Dunnb Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAView further author information
,
Jeffrey M. Rogersa Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramReal-world, Baltimore, MD, USAView further author information
,
Oliver Grundmannc College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2302-8949View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Christopher R. McCurdyc College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8695-2915View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Albert Garcia-Romeub Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Destiny Schriefera Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramReal-world, Baltimore, MD, USAView further author information
,
Marc T. Swoggerd Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USAView further author information
&
David H. Epsteina Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramReal-world, Baltimore, MD, USAView further author information
 show all
Pages 684-694 | Received 12 Jan 2022, Accepted 22 May 2022, Published online: 29 Jun 2022

Citations (20)

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C. Austin Zamarripa, Tory R. Spindle, Leigh V. Panlilio, Justin C. Strickland, Jeffrey D. Feldman, Matthew D. Novak, David H. Epstein, Kelly E. Dunn, Christopher R. McCurdy, Abhisheak Sharma, Michelle A. Kuntz, Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay, Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju, Jeffrey M. Rogers & Kirsten E. Smith. (2024) Effects of kratom on driving: Results from a cross-sectional survey, ecological momentary assessment, and pilot simulated driving Study. Traffic Injury Prevention 25:4, pages 594-603.
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Cornel N. Stanciu, Saeed Ahmed, Zouina Sarfraz, Nirav Nimavat, Christopher J. Healey, Oliver Grundmann, Jonathan R. Ballard & Jack Henningfield. (2024) Prevalence, Characteristics, and Reasons for Kratom Use among Psychiatrically Ill Inpatients Who Use Substances. Journal of Dual Diagnosis 20:2, pages 87-97.
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C. R. LoParco, R. A. Yockey, V. K. Sekhon, S. Olsson, R. Galindo, R. Balasundaram, T. Agwuncha & M. E. Rossheim. (2024) Kratom Retail Availability in Fort Worth, Texas. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 56:1, pages 8-13.
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Darika Saingam, Darshan Singh, Alan F. Geater, Sawitri Assanangkornchai, Walailuk Jitpiboon & Carl Latkin. (2023) The Health Impact of Long-Term Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa) Use in Southern Thailand. Substance Use & Misuse 58:10, pages 1212-1225.
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Matthew S. Ellis, Mance E. Buttram, Alyssa Forber & Joshua C. Black. (2023) Associations Between Kratom-Related State Policy Environments and Kratom Use in a Nationally Representative Population in the United States. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 0:0, pages 1-9.
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Articles from other publishers (15)

Katherine Hill, Oliver Grundmann, Kirsten E. Smith & Corneliu N. Stanciu. (2024) Prevalence of Kratom Use Disorder among Kratom Consumers. Journal of Addiction Medicine.
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Kirsten E. Smith, Jeffrey M. Rogers, Abhisheak Sharma, Christopher R. McCurdy, Stephanie T. Weiss, Kelly E. Dunn, Jeffrey D. Feldman, Michelle A. Kuntz, Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay, Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju, Richard C. Taylor & David H. Epstein. (2024) Responses to a “Typical” Morning Dose of Kratom in People Who Use Kratom Regularly: A Direct-Observation Study. Journal of Addiction Medicine 18:2, pages 144-152.
Crossref
Erin C. Berthold, Shyam H. Kamble, Siva Rama Raju Kanumuri, Michelle A. Kuntz, Alexandria S. Senetra, Yi-Hua Chiang, Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay, Christopher R. McCurdy & Abhisheak Sharma. (2024) Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Kratom and Cannabidiol in Male Rats. Pharmaceutics 16:3, pages 318.
Crossref
Kirsten E. Smith, Leigh V. Panlilio, Jeffrey D. Feldman, Oliver Grundmann, Kelly E. Dunn, Christopher R. McCurdy, Albert Garcia-Romeu & David H. Epstein. (2024) Ecological Momentary Assessment of Self-Reported Kratom Use, Effects, and Motivations Among US Adults. JAMA Network Open 7:1, pages e2353401.
Crossref
Molly A. Bowdring, Eric C. Leas, Monika Vishwakarma, Nina C. Schleicher, Judith J. Prochaska & Lisa Henriksen. (2023) Kratom availability in California vape shops. Preventive Medicine Reports 35, pages 102380.
Crossref
Bin Yang, Shanyong Yi, Ruiling Zhang & Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Abdullah. (2023) Adverse Psychological and Therapeutic Effects of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use: A Systematic Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 19:5, pages 218-236.
Crossref
Jack E. Henningfield, Marek C. Chawarski, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Oliver Grundmann, Norsyifa Harun, Zurina Hassan, Christopher R. McCurdy, Lance R. McMahon, Abhisheak Sharma, Mohammed Shoaib, Darshan Singh, Kirsten E. Smith, Marc T. Swogger, Balasingam Vicknasingam, Zachary Walsh, Daniel W. Wang & Marilyn A. Huestis. (2023) Kratom withdrawal: Discussions and conclusions of a scientific expert forum. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports 7, pages 100142.
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Elisabeth Prevete, Kim Paula Colette Kuypers, Eef Lien Theunissen, Gianluca Esposito, Johannes Gerardus Ramaekers, Massimo Pasquini & Ornella Corazza. (2023) Clinical Implications of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use: a Literature Review. Current Addiction Reports 10:2, pages 317-334.
Crossref
Kirsten E. Smith, Jeffrey D. Feldman, Kelly E. Dunn, Christopher R. McCurdy, Stephanie T. Weiss, Oliver Grundmann, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Janeen Nichels & David H. Epstein. (2023) Examining the paradoxical effects of kratom: a narrative inquiry. Frontiers in Pharmacology 14.
Crossref
Kirsten Elin Smith, Jeffrey M. Rogers & Jeffrey D. Feldman. (2023) Kratom’s Emergence and Persistence Within the US Polydrug Epidemic. Current Addiction Reports 10:2, pages 262-271.
Crossref
Katherine Hill, Stephen Gibson, Oliver Grundmann, Kirsten E. Smith, Jonathan Ballard & Corneliu N. Stanciu. (2023) Evaluating health information provided to kratom consumers by good manufacturing practice-qualified vendors. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 18:1.
Crossref
Kirsten E. Smith, Jeffrey D. Feldman, Destiny Schriefer, Stephanie T. Weiss, Oliver Grundmann, Kelly E. Dunn, Darshan Singh, Christopher R. McCurdy, Gisela Butera & David H. Epstein. (2023) Diagnostic Ambiguities and Underuse of Clinical Assessment Tools: A Systematic Review of Case Reports on Kratom Addiction and Physical Dependence. Current Addiction Reports 10:2, pages 282-292.
Crossref
Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay, Sampa Gupta, Jenny L. Wilkerson, Abhisheak Sharma, Lance R. McMahon & Christopher R. McCurdy. (2023) Receptor Selectivity and Therapeutic Potential of Kratom in Substance Use Disorders. Current Addiction Reports 10:2, pages 304-316.
Crossref
Kirsten Elin Smith, Abhisheak Sharma, Oliver Grundmann & Christopher R. McCurdy. (2023) Kratom Alkaloids: A Blueprint?. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 14:2, pages 195-197.
Crossref
Juhan Lee, Javier Ponce Terashima & Maria A. Parker. (2022) The association between E-cigarette use and Kratom use among US adults. Preventive Medicine 164, pages 107295.
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