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The pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia: Current clinical concepts

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Pages 576-582 | Published online: 15 Sep 2009

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Yanping Zhang, Tao Wang, Shunping Gui, Xijing Liu, Li Dai, Bin Zhou, Rong Zhou & Yunhui Gong. (2018) Association between plasma retinol binding protein 4 levels and severe preeclampsia. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 38:3, pages 438-441.
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Danilla Michelle Costa e Silva, Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro, José Machado Moita Neto, José Araújo Brito, Eunice Alves da Silva Neta, Juliana Paz Matias, Fabiane Araújo Sampaio & Nadir do Nascimento Nogueira. (2013) Oxidative stress and immunological alteration in women with preeclampsia. Hypertension in Pregnancy 32:3, pages 304-311.
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Rüya Deveer, Yaprak Engin-Ustun, Eren Akbaba, Beril Halisdemir, Esra Cakar, Nuri Danisman, Leyla Mollamahmutoglu, Ahmet Yesilyurt & Zuhal Candemir. (2013) Association between Pre-Eclampsia and Inherited Thrombophilias. Fetal and Pediatric Pathology 32:3, pages 213-217.
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Echendu Dolly Adinma. (2013) Maternal and perinatal outcome of eclampsia in tertiary health institution in Southeast Nigeria. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 26:2, pages 211-214.
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Articles from other publishers (74)

Pooja Bhatia, Poonam Goel, Reeti Mehra, Sunita Dubey & Seema Gupta. (2023) Correlation of Serum Cancer Antigen-125 (CA-125) Levels with Severity of Pre-eclampsia. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India 73:S2, pages 240-246.
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Surbhi Rajauria, Charu Batra Atreja, Anshu Mujalda, Jagdish Mujalda, Shikha Yadav & Ramesh K Kundal. (2023) The Effect of Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathy on Pregnancy, Labor, Puerperium, and Fetal Outcome: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a Single Centre. Cureus.
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Muisi A. Adenekan, Ayodeji A. Oluwole, Gbenga Olorunfemi, Adebayo I. Sekumade, Adegbenga A. Ajepe & Kehinde S. Okunade. (2022) Maternal tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels in preeclamptic pregnancies in Lagos, South-West Nigeria. Pregnancy Hypertension 30, pages 198-203.
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Mercedes J. Szpunar, Anne Malaktaris, Selena A. Baca, Richard L. Hauger & Ariel J. Lang. (2021) Are alterations in estradiol, cortisol, and inflammatory cytokines associated with depression during pregnancy and postpartum? An exploratory study. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health 16, pages 100309.
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Liyan Duan, Beatrix Reisch, Antonella Iannaccone, Elina Hadrovic, Yuqing Wu, Rebekka Vogtmann, Elke Winterhager, Rainer Kimmig, Angela Köninger, Pawel Mach & Alexandra Gellhaus. (2021) Abnormal expression of the costimulatory molecule B7‐H4 in placental chorionic villous and decidual basalis tissues of patients with preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 86:3.
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Pouya Dini, Mariano Carossino, Udeni B R Balasuriya, Hossam El-Sheikh Ali, Shavahn C Loux, Alejandro Esteller-Vico, Kirsten E Scoggin, Alan T Loynachan, Theodore Kalbfleisch, Ward De Spiegelaere, Peter Daels & Barry A Ball. (2021) Paternally expressed retrotransposon Gag-like 1 gene, RTL1 , is one of the crucial elements for placental angiogenesis in horses . Biology of Reproduction 104:6, pages 1386-1399.
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YuLi Zhu, YunChang Tan, XiaoJun Liang, LiangLiang OuYang, YouNv Wang, LongYi Tan, Chao Shen, Wei Xu, ZhiJian Hu & HuiXiang Zhou. (2021) Changes and significance of plasma fibrinogen gamma‐chain concentration in preeclampsia patients. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 35:4.
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Tom E. C. Kieffer, Anne Laskewitz, Annegé Vledder, Sicco A. Scherjon, Marijke M. Faas & Jelmer R. Prins. (2020) Decidual memory T‐cell subsets and memory T‐cell stimulatory cytokines in early‐ and late‐onset preeclampsia. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 84:4.
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Juan Miao, Yiqing Zhu, Lei Xu, Xiaohao Huang & Xue Zhou. (2020) miR‑181b‑5p inhibits trophoblast cell migration and invasion through targeting S1PR1 in multiple abnormal trophoblast invasion‑related events. Molecular Medicine Reports.
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Jing Wang, Xunke Gu, Jing Yang, Yuan Wei & Yangyu Zhao. (2019) Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Increased Plasma LPS and TMAO Levels in Patients With Preeclampsia. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 9.
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Tom E.C. Kieffer, Sicco A. Scherjon, Marijke M. Faas & Jelmer R. Prins. (2019) Lower activation of CD4+ memory T cells in preeclampsia compared to healthy pregnancies persists postpartum. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 136, pages 102613.
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Tom E. C. Kieffer, Anne Laskewitz, Sicco A. Scherjon, Marijke M. Faas & Jelmer R. Prins. (2019) Memory T Cells in Pregnancy. Frontiers in Immunology 10.
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Georgios Skalis, Vasiliki Katsi, Antigoni Miliou, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Ourania Papazachou, Georgia Vamvakou, Petros Nihoyannopoulos, Dimitrios Tousoulis & Thomas Makris. (2018) MicroRNAs in Preeclampsia. MicroRNA 8:1, pages 28-35.
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Semone Thakoordeen, Jagidesa Moodley & Thajasvarie Naicker. (2018) Candidate Gene, Genome-Wide Association and Bioinformatic Studies in Pre-eclampsia: a Review. Current Hypertension Reports 20:10.
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Nan Wang, Yaling Feng, Jianjuan Xu, Jinfang Zou, Minghua Chen, Yue He, Huan Liu, Min Xue & Yanfang Gu. (2018) miR-362-3p regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion of trophoblastic cells under hypoxia through targeting Pax3. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 99, pages 462-468.
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Louise C. Kenny & Douglas B. Kell. (2018) Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father†. Frontiers in Medicine 4.
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Mahsa Nordqvist, Bo Jacobsson, Anne-Lise Brantsæter, Ronny Myhre, Staffan Nilsson & Verena Sengpiel. (2018) Timing of probiotic milk consumption during pregnancy and effects on the incidence of preeclampsia and preterm delivery: a prospective observational cohort study in Norway. BMJ Open 8:1, pages e018021.
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Cristiane Munaretto Ferreira, Ernesto Antonio Figueiró-Filho, Vanessa Marcon de Oliveira & Érica Freire de Vasconcelos Pereira. (2017) Thromboprophylaxis and maternal-fetal outcomes of women with serum markers for hereditary thrombophilia and previous obstetric complications. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 17:4, pages 693-698.
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Jamil ElfarraLorena M. AmaralMaggie McCalmonJeremy D. ScottMark W. CunninghamJrJrAshley GnamTarek IbrahimBabbette LaMarcaDenise C. Cornelius. (2017) Natural killer cells mediate pathophysiology in response to reduced uterine perfusion pressure. Clinical Science 131:23, pages 2753-2762.
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Tina A. Nguyen, Daniel A. Kahn & Andrea I. Loewendorf. (2017) Maternal—Fetal rejection reactions are unconstrained in preeclamptic women. PLOS ONE 12:11, pages e0188250.
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Moshood O Omotayo, Katherine L Dickin, David L Pelletier, Erick O Mwanga, Jacqueline K Kung'u & Rebecca J Stoltzfus. (2017) A Simplified Regimen Compared with WHO Guidelines Decreases Antenatal Calcium Supplement Intake for Prevention of Preeclampsia in a Cluster-Randomized Noninferiority Trial in Rural Kenya. The Journal of Nutrition 147:10, pages 1986-1991.
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Ludmila Barcelos Porto, Augusto Henriques Fulgêncio Brandão, Henrique Vítor Leite & Antônio Carlos Vieira Cabral. (2017) Longitudinal evaluation of uterine perfusion, endothelial function and central blood flow in early onset pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertension 10, pages 161-164.
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Tom E.C. Kieffer, Marijke M. Faas, Sicco A. Scherjon & Jelmer R. Prins. (2017) Pregnancy persistently affects memory T cell populations. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 119, pages 1-8.
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Sylvia J. Kroese, Carolien N. H. Abheiden, Birgit S. Blomjous, Jacob M. van Laar, Ronald W. H. M. Derksen, Irene E. M. Bultink, Alexandre E. Voskuyl, A. Titia Lely, Marjon A. de Boer, Johanna I. P. de Vries & Ruth D. E. Fritsch-Stork. (2017) Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Bicenter Cohort Study. Journal of Immunology Research 2017, pages 1-9.
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Ann E. Rozner, Maureen Durning, Jenna Kropp, Gregory J. Wiepz & Thaddeus G. Golos. (2016) Macrophages modulate the growth and differentiation of rhesus monkey embryonic trophoblasts. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 76:5, pages 364-375.
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Juan Yang, Michelle Pearl, Gerald N. DeLorenze, Roberto Romero, Zhong Dong, Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski, Robert Currier, Monica Flessel & Martin Kharrazi. (2016) Racial-ethnic differences in midtrimester maternal serum levels of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 215:3, pages 359.e1-359.e9.
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Cathi Phillips & Margaret Boyd. (2016) Assessment, Management, and Health Implications of Early-Onset Preeclampsia. Nursing for Women's Health 20:4, pages 400-414.
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Moshood O Omotayo, Katherine L Dickin, Kimberly O O'Brien, Lynnette M Neufeld, Luz Maria De Regil & Rebecca J Stoltzfus. (2016) Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Preeclampsia: Translating Guidelines into Practice in Low-Income Countries. Advances in Nutrition 7:2, pages 275-278.
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Liping Li, Jiaoqin Tu, Yao Jiang, Jie Zhou, Shinichiro Yabe & Danny J. Schust. (2016) Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Human First Trimester Villous Cytotrophoblast Cell Function In Vitro1. Biology of Reproduction 94:2.
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Mary C. Moran, Cecelia Mulcahy, Gergely Zombori, John Ryan, Paul Downey & Fionnuala M. McAuliffe. (2015) Placental volume, vasculature and calcification in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 195, pages 12-17.
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Moshood O. Omotayo, Katherine L Dickin, Gina M. Chapleau, Stephanie L. Martin, Christopher Chang, Erick O. Mwanga, Jacqueline K. Kung'u & Rebecca J. Stoltzfus. (2015) Cluster-Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial to Compare Supplement Consumption and Adherence to Different Dosing Regimens for Antenatal Calcium and Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Preeclampsia and Anaemia: Rationale and Design of the Micronutrient Initiative Study. Journal of Public Health Research 4:3, pages jphr.2015.582.
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Andrea I. Loewendorf, Tina A. Nguyen, Maria N. Yesayan & Daniel A. Kahn. (2015) Preeclampsia is Characterized by Fetal NK Cell Activation and a Reduction in Regulatory T Cells . American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 74:3, pages 258-267.
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A. Fruscalzo, A. P. Londero, J. Biasizzo, N. Bortolotti, S. Bertozzi, F. Curcio, D. Marchesoni & L. Driul. (2014) Second trimester amniotic fluid retinol in patients developing preeclampsia. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 291:4, pages 831-836.
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N. S. Trifonova, E. V. Zhukova, A. I. Ishchenko & L. S. Aleksandrov. (2015) Surrogate motherhood: A historic review. The specific features of the course of pregnancy and labor. Rossiiskii vestnik akushera-ginekologa 15:2, pages 49.
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Maria Fernanda Brandão de Resende Guimarães, Augusto Henriques Fulgêncio Brandão, Cezar Alencar de Lima Rezende, Antônio Carlos Vieira Cabral, Ana Paula Brum, Henrique Vitor Leite & Carolina Andrade Bragança Capuruço. (2014) Assessment of endothelial function in pregnant women with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus by flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 290:3, pages 441-447.
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Jennifer Hogan, Vicky O’Dwyer, Nadine Farah, Mairead M. Kennelly, Michael J. Turner & Bernard Stuart. (2014) Early pregnancy maternal cardiovascular profiling in the prediction of hypertensive disease in pregnancy. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 04:02, pages 61-65.
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Jung-a Shin, Young-ju Kim, Hyesook Park, Hee-kyoung Kim & Hwa-young Lee. (2014) Localization of Folate Metabolic Enzymes, Methionine Synthase and 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Human Placenta. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 78:4, pages 259-265.
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Pavol Zubor, Karol Dokus, Imrich Zigo, Maria Skerenova, Rudolf Pullmann & Jan Danko. (2014) TNF-α G308A Gene Polymorphism Has an Impact on Renal Function, Microvascular Permeability, Organ Involvement and Severity of Preeclampsia. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 78:3, pages 150-161.
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Marisela Aguilar-Duran, Jaime Salvador-Moysén, Carlos Galaviz-Hernandez, Fernando Vázquez-Alaniz, Ada A. Sandoval-Carrillo, Nadia Velázquez-Hernández & José M. Salas-Pacheco. (2014) Haplotype analysis of TGF-β1 gene in a preeclamptic population of northern Mexico. Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health 4:1, pages 14-18.
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Melinda Halasz, Beata Polgar, Gergely Berta, Livia Czimbalek & Julia Szekeres-Bartho. (2013) Progesterone-induced blocking factor differentially regulates trophoblast and tumor invasion by altering matrix metalloproteinase activity. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 70:23, pages 4617-4630.
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Lauren M. Osborne & Catherine Monk. (2013) Perinatal depression—The fourth inflammatory morbidity of pregnancy?. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38:10, pages 1929-1952.
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S.-Y. Choi, J. Yun, O.-J. Lee, H.-S. Han, M.-K. Yeo, M.-A. Lee & K.-S. Suh. (2013) MicroRNA expression profiles in placenta with severe preeclampsia using a PNA-based microarray. Placenta 34:9, pages 799-804.
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Sophie Dürr & Vincent Kindler. (2013) Implication of indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase in the tolerance toward fetuses, tumors, and allografts. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 93:5, pages 681-687.
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GUOWU YIN, XIAOMING ZHU, CHUN GUO, YANG YANG, TAO HAN, LEI CHEN, WEN YIN, PING GAO, HUIZHONG ZHANG, JIE GENG, JULEI WANG & LIANG LIANG. (2013) Differential expression of estradiol and estrogen receptor α in severe preeclamptic pregnancies compared with normal pregnancies. Molecular Medicine Reports 7:3, pages 981-985.
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E.J. Crosley, M.G. Elliot, J.K. Christians & B.J. Crespi. (2013) Placental invasion, preeclampsia risk and adaptive molecular evolution at the origin of the great apes: Evidence from genome-wide analyses. Placenta 34:2, pages 127-132.
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Kyu-Hwan NaJong Ho ChoiChun-Hyung KimKwang-Soo KimGi Jin Kim. (2013) Altered expression of norepinephrine transporter and norepinephrine in human placenta cause pre-eclampsia through regulated trophoblast invasion. Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 40:1, pages 12.
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Stefan Hutter, Sabine Heublein, Julia Knabl, Ulrich Andergassen, Thomas Vrekoussis, Antonis Makrigiannakis, Klaus Friese, Doris Mayr & Udo Jeschke. (2013) Macrophages: Are They Involved in Endometriosis, Abortion and Preeclampsia and How?. Journal of Nippon Medical School 80:2, pages 97-103.
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Yaping Wang, Hongye Fan, Guangfeng Zhao, Dan Liu, Leilei Du, Zhiqun Wang, Yali Hu & Yayi Hou. (2012) miR‐16 inhibits the proliferation and angiogenesis‐regulating potential of mesenchymal stem cells in severe pre‐eclampsia. The FEBS Journal 279:24, pages 4510-4524.
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Bálint Alasztics, Zoltán Kukor, Zita Pánczél & Sándor Valent. (2012) The pathophysiology of preeclampsia in view of the two-stage model. Orvosi Hetilap 153:30, pages 1167-1176.
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Samuel A. Obed, Richard K. Gyasi, Andrew A. Adjei, Winston A. Anderson, Jacqueline M. Hibbert, Adel Driss, Nana O. Wilson, Fatou K. Ceesay & Jonathan K. Stiles. (2012) Pregnancy Outcomes among Patients with Sickle Cell Disease at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana: Retrospective Cohort Study. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86:6, pages 936-942.
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Wen Wang, Lin Feng, Honghai Zhang, Stephanie Hachy, Seiro Satohisa, Louise C. Laurent, Mana Parast, Jing Zheng & Dong-bao Chen. (2012) Preeclampsia Up-Regulates Angiogenesis-Associated MicroRNA ( i.e ., miR-17, -20a, and -20b) That Target Ephrin-B2 and EPHB4 in Human Placenta . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 97:6, pages E1051-E1059.
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