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Medical Anthropology
Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness
Volume 35, 2016 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

“Bitten By Shyness”: Menstrual Hygiene Management, Sanitation, and the Quest for Privacy in South Africa

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Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (8)

Amanda A. Shea, Meghana Kulkarni, Jonathan Thornburg, Cécile Ventola, Erin Walker & Virginia J. Vitzthum. (2023) A Bother or a Benefit? How Contraceptive Users Balance the Trade-Offs Between Preferred Menstrual Bleeding Patterns and Preferred Contraceptive Methods in India, South Africa, and the United States. Women's Reproductive Health 0:0, pages 1-40.
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Catriona Ida Macleod, Jonathan Malcolm Glover, Manase Makuse, Lindsay Kelland & Sharli Anne Paphitis. (2023) Male Peer Talk About Menstruation: Discursively Bolstering Hegemonic Masculinities Among Young Men in South Africa. Women's Reproductive Health 10:1, pages 6-23.
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Cecilia Alda-Vidal & Alison L. Browne. (2022) Absorbents, practices, and infrastructures: Changing socio-material landscapes of menstrual waste in Lilongwe, Malawi. Social & Cultural Geography 23:8, pages 1057-1077.
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Heather Roxburgh, Caron Magombo, Tamandani Kaliwo, Elizabeth A. Tilley, Kate Hampshire, David M. Oliver & Richard S. Quilliam. (2022) Blood flows: mapping journeys of menstrual waste in Blantyre, Malawi. Cities & Health 6:4, pages 738-751.
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Margaret L. Schmitt, Christine Hagstrom, Azure Nowara, Caitlin Gruer, Nana Ekua Adenu-Mensah, Katie Keeley & Marni Sommer. (2021) The intersection of menstruation, school and family: Experiences of girls growing up in urban cities in the U.S.A. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 26:1, pages 94-109.
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Zoe Duby, Ariana Katz, Petina Musara, Josephine Nabukeera, Chifundo Colleta Zimba, Kubashni Woeber, Thesla Palanee-Phillips & Ariane van der Straten. (2020) “The state of mind tells me it’s dirty”: menstrual shame amongst women using a vaginal ring in Sub Saharan Africa. Women & Health 60:1, pages 72-86.
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Thilde Rheinländer, Margaret Gyapong, David Etsey Akpakli & Flemming Konradsen. (2019) Secrets, shame and discipline: School girls' experiences of sanitation and menstrual hygiene management in a peri-urban community in Ghana. Health Care for Women International 40:1, pages 13-32.
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Anita Padmanabhanunni, Labeeqah Jaffer & Jeanette Steenkamp. (2018) Menstruation experiences of South African women belonging to the ama-Xhosa ethnic group. Culture, Health & Sexuality 20:6, pages 704-714.
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Articles from other publishers (36)

Julie Hennegan, Md Tanvir Hasan, Abdul Jabbar, Tasfiyah Jalil, Elissa Kennedy, Erin Hunter, Adrita Kaiser, Sabina Akter, Afreen Zaman, Mahfuj-ur Rahman, Laura Dunstan, Alexandra Head, Nick Scott, Helen Anne Weiss, Thin Mar Win, G J Melendez-Torres, Kyu Kyu Than, Chad L Hughes, Sonia Grover, Mahadi Hasan, Sabina Faiz Rashid & Peter Azzopardi. (2024) Protocol for the Adolescent Menstrual Experiences and Health Cohort (AMEHC) Study in Khulna, Bangladesh: A Prospective cohort to quantify the influence of menstrual health on adolescent girls’ health and education outcomes.. BMJ Open 14:4, pages e079451.
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Doli Roy, Nuruzzaman Kasemi, Manik Halder & Malasree Majumder. (2024) Factors Associated with Exclusive Use of Hygienic Methods during Menstruation among Adolescent Girls (15–19 Years) in Urban India: Evidence from NFHS-5. Heliyon 10:8, pages e29731.
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Amita Bhakta, Aasim Mansuri, Jigisha Jaiswal & Mona Iyer. (2024) The need of the hour: Providing water in shared toilet facilities for menstrual hygiene management in urban India. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 14:2, pages 113-121.
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Priya Alva & Sowrabhi Gowda. (2023) Transformative Impact of Menstrual Cup: A Game Changer. Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 15:6, pages 754-756.
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Neha Pandey, Sudarsan Desul, Raj Kishore Patra & Mrutyunjay Sethy. (2023) Menstrual health and hygiene (MHH): a bibliometric analysis. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication.
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MalissaKay Shaw. 2023. A Companion to the Anthropology of Reproductive Medicine and Technology. A Companion to the Anthropology of Reproductive Medicine and Technology 299 316 .
Janice Kathleen Moodley, Bianca Rochelle Parry & Marie Claire Van Hout. (2022) Incarceration, menstruation and COVID-19: a viewpoint of the exacerbated inequalities and health disparities in South African correctional facilities. International Journal of Prisoner Health 19:3, pages 400-413.
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Krunal Suvagiya, Mansi Mehta, Gaurav Shah & Jaydip Vora. (2023) Reducing the bioburden on organic sanitary napkins and attempt to solve the sterility issue. Environmental Science and Pollution Research.
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Joëlle Vailly. (2022) Appearance and Origin. Current Anthropology 63:6, pages 637-659.
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Elizabeth Maulingin-Gumbaketi, Sarah Larkins, Maxine Whittaker, Gun Rembeck, Ronny Gunnarsson & Michelle Redman-MacLaren. (2022) Socio-cultural implications for women’s menstrual health in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs): a scoping review. Reproductive Health 19:1.
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Julie Hennegan, Justine N. Bukenya, Fredrick E. Makumbi, Petranilla Nakamya, Natalie G. Exum, Kellogg J. Schwab & Simon P. S. Kibira. (2022) Menstrual health challenges in the workplace and consequences for women’s work and wellbeing: A cross-sectional survey in Mukono, Uganda. PLOS Global Public Health 2:7, pages e0000589.
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Bethany A. Caruso, Amelia Conrad, Madeleine Patrick, Ajilé Owens, Kari Kviten, Olivia Zarella, Hannah Rogers & Sheela S. Sinharoy. (2022) Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis. PLOS Water 1:6, pages e0000026.
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Amelia A. Trant, Alla Vash-Margita, Deepa Camenga, Paula Braverman, Denise Wagner, Mariana Espinal, Edwina P. Kisanga, Lisbeth Lundsberg, Sangini S. Sheth & Linda Fan. (2022) Menstrual Health and Hygiene among Adolescents in the United States. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 35:3, pages 277-287.
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Emily M. Cherenack & Kathleen J. Sikkema. (2021) Puberty- and Menstruation-Related Stressors Are Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Reproductive Tract Infection Symptoms Among Adolescent Girls in Tanzania. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 29:2, pages 160-174.
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Emmanuel Tsekleves, Mariana Fonseca Braga, Christiana Abonge, Marli Santana, Roger Pickup, Kenneth Yongabi Anchang, Tommaso de Pippo, Kirk Semple & Manoj Roy. (2022) Community engagement in water, sanitation and hygiene in sub-Saharan Africa: does it WASH?. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 12:2, pages 143-156.
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Hannah Jayne Robinson & Dani Jennifer Barrington. (2021) Drivers of menstrual material disposal and washing practices: A systematic review. PLOS ONE 16:12, pages e0260472.
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Margaret L. Schmitt, Olivia R. Wood, David Clatworthy, Sabina Faiz Rashid & Marni Sommer. (2021) Innovative strategies for providing menstruation-supportive water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities: learning from refugee camps in Cox’s bazar, Bangladesh. Conflict and Health 15:1.
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Neele Wiltgen Georgi, Sibongile Buthelezi & Paula Meth. (2021) Gendered Infrastructural Citizenship: Shared Sanitation Facilities in Quarry Road West Informal Settlement, Durban, South Africa. Urban Forum 32:4, pages 437-456.
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Thelma Fennie, Mokgadi Moletsane & Anita Padmanabhanunni. (2021) Adolescents' experiences of menarche and menstruation in disadvantaged schools in South Africa: a qualitative exploration. Health Education 121:4, pages 408-419.
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Jennifer J. Patterson. 2021. Gender Equality. Gender Equality 895 909 .
Tamaryn L. Crankshaw, Michael Strauss & Bongiwe Gumede. (2020) Menstrual health management and schooling experience amongst female learners in Gauteng, South Africa: a mixed method study. Reproductive Health 17:1.
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Christabel Kambala, Angela Chinangwa, Effie Chipeta, Belen Torondel & Tracy Morse. (2020) Acceptability of menstrual products interventions for menstrual hygiene management among women and girls in Malawi. Reproductive Health 17:1.
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Farjana Jahan, Md. Nuruzzaman, Farhana Sultana, Mehjabin Tishan Mahfuz, Mahbubur Rahman, Farhana Akhand, Stephen P. Luby, Leanne Unicomb & Peter J. Winch. (2020) Piloting an acceptable and feasible menstrual hygiene products disposal system in urban and rural schools in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 20:1.
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Julie Hennegan, Simon P S Kibira, Natalie G Exum, Kellogg J Schwab, Fredrick E Makumbi & Justine Bukenya. (2020) ‘ I do what a woman should do’: a grounded theory study of women’s menstrual experiences at work in Mukono District, Uganda . BMJ Global Health 5:11, pages e003433.
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Hilary O.D. Critchley, Elnur Babayev, Serdar E. Bulun, Sandy Clark, Iolanda Garcia-Grau, Peter K. Gregersen, Aoife Kilcoyne, Ji-Yong Julie Kim, Missy Lavender, Erica E. Marsh, Kristen A. Matteson, Jacqueline A. Maybin, Christine N. Metz, Inmaculada Moreno, Kami Silk, Marni Sommer, Carlos Simon, Ridhi Tariyal, Hugh S. Taylor, Günter P. Wagner & Linda G. Griffith. (2020) Menstruation: science and society. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 223:5, pages 624-664.
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Alexandra Caballero-Guzmán & María Mercedes Lafaurie-Villamil. (2020) Nadar con la menstruación: un estudio cualitativo en nadadoras de élite. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 68:3.
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Bethany A. Caruso, Gerard Portela, Shauna McManus & Thomas Clasen. (2020) Assessing Women’s Menstruation Concerns and Experiences in Rural India: Development and Validation of a Menstrual Insecurity Measure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:10, pages 3468.
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Marni Sommer, Garazi Zulaika, Margaret L Schmitt, Samantha Khandakji, Kristin Neudorf, Leeat Gellis & Penelope A Phillips-Howard. (2020) Improving the impact of menstrual health innovations in low- and middle-income countries: a theory of change and measurement framework. Journal of Global Health Reports 4.
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Zoe Duby, Ariana W. K. Katz, Erica N. Browne, Prisca Mutero, Juliane Etima, Chifundo Colleta Zimba, Kubashni Woeber, Millicent Atujuna, Krishnaveni Reddy & Ariane van der Straten. (2019) Hygiene, Blood Flow, and Vaginal Overload: Why Women Removed an HIV Prevention Vaginal Ring During Menstruation in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. AIDS and Behavior 24:2, pages 617-628.
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Julie Hennegan, Alexandra K. Shannon, Jennifer Rubli, Kellogg J. Schwab & G. J. Melendez-Torres. (2019) Women’s and girls’ experiences of menstruation in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis. PLOS Medicine 16:5, pages e1002803.
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Elijah Bisung & Susan J. Elliott. (2019) Community water supply improvement and wellbeing: A pre-post photovoice intervention study in Kenya. Habitat International 85, pages 14-20.
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Jennifer J. Patterson. 2019. Gender Equality. Gender Equality 1 15 .
L. Lewis Wall, Kibrom Teklay, Alem Desta & Shewaye Belay. (2018) Tending the ‘monthly flower:’ a qualitative study of menstrual beliefs in Tigray, Ethiopia. BMC Women's Health 18:1.
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Myles Elledge, Arundati Muralidharan, Alison Parker, Kristin Ravndal, Mariam Siddiqui, Anju Toolaram & Katherine Woodward. (2018) Menstrual Hygiene Management and Waste Disposal in Low and Middle Income Countries—A Review of the Literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15:11, pages 2562.
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Margaret Schmitt, David Clatworthy, Tom Ogello & Marni Sommer. (2018) Making the Case for a Female-Friendly Toilet. Water 10:9, pages 1193.
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Emanuele Fantini. (2017) Picturing waters: a review of Photovoice and similar participatory visual research on water governance. WIREs Water 4:5.
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