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Original Articles

Loneliness, Gender, and Parasocial Interaction: A Uses and Gratifications Approach

Pages 87-109 | Published online: 31 May 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (8)

Lynn E. McCutcheon, Marc Eric S. Reyes, Ágnes Zsila & Ho Phi Huynh. (2022) Is Loneliness Associated With Celebrity Attraction in LGBT+ Persons?. Journal of Homosexuality 69:14, pages 2371-2387.
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Jan-Philipp Stein, Nicole Liebers & Maria Faiss. (2022) Feeling Better...But Also Less Lonely? An Experimental Comparison of How Parasocial and Social Relationships Affect People’s Well-Being. Mass Communication and Society 0:0, pages 1-23.
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Julius Matthew Riles & Kelly Adams. (2021) Me, myself, and my mediated ties: Parasocial experiences as an ego-driven process. Media Psychology 24:6, pages 792-813.
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Anna Reetta Rönkä, Vappu Sunnari & Anja Taanila. (2020) Entanglements of loneliness and mental ill health among young adult women. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 15:1.
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Robin L. Nabi & Marina Krcmar. (2016) It takes two: the effect of child characteristics on U.S. parents’ motivations for allowing electronic media use. Journal of Children and Media 10:3, pages 285-303.
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Sarah F. Rosaen & Jayson L. Dibble. (2016) Clarifying the Role of Attachment and Social Compensation on Parasocial Relationships with Television Characters. Communication Studies 67:2, pages 147-162.
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Jurgen Minnebo, Steven Eggermont & Laura Vandenbosch. (2014) Neuroticism, Extraversion, Perceived Social Support, and Escape Television Viewing as Determinants of Psychological Distress in Crime Victims. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 23:3, pages 249-267.
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Articles from other publishers (61)

Çiğdem Özkan Sev & Ali Murat Vural. (2024) Podcastin Parasosyal Etkileşim Doğurma İmkânı. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi.
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Tahereh Aghajani, Akram Ezatifard, Mahrokh Alaei JanatMakan, Mahnaz Solhi, Mahshid Foroughan, Neda GhahremanZadeh & Hossein Dargahi. (2024) Exploring the impact of loneliness on mental health among eldery in west health center of Tehran, Iran. Payesh (Health Monitor) Journal 23:2, pages 221-231.
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Fangfang Hou, Boying Li, Zhengzhi Guan, Alain Yee Loong Chong & Chee Wei Phang. (2024) The role of para-social relationship in live streaming virtual gift purchase: a two-stage SEM-neural network analysis. Internet Research.
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Michelle Möri & Andreas Fahr. (2023) Parasocial interactions with media characters: the role of perceived and actual sociodemographic and psychological similarity. Frontiers in Psychology 14.
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Sijun Wang. (2023) Why do female audiences subscribe to these types of streamers? An empirical study on the motivations of Chinese Huya users. Frontiers in Psychology 14.
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Hsuan-Min Wang, Chih-Chun Hsu & Chuen-Tsai Sun. (2023) Analyzing Viewer Motivations and Engagement in Game Live Streaming Through Eye Tracking. Analyzing Viewer Motivations and Engagement in Game Live Streaming Through Eye Tracking.
Min Sung Kim, Soyoung Wang & Seongcheol Kim. (2023) Effects of Online Fan Community Interactions on Well-Being and Sense of Virtual Community. Behavioral Sciences 13:11, pages 897.
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Heidi Makady. (2023) Human, I Know How You Feel: Individual Psychological Determinants Influencing Smartwatch Anthropomorphism. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science.
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Hıdır POLAT. (2023) The effect of social media addiction on communication skills: A meta-analysis study. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi:Ö13, pages 905-921.
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Kelsey E. Onderdijk, Lies Bouckaert, Edith Van Dyck & Pieter-Jan Maes. (2023) Concert experiences in virtual reality environments. Virtual Reality 27:3, pages 2383-2396.
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Abbie Speed, Alycia Burnett & Tom Robinson II. (2023) Beyond the Game: Understanding why people enjoy viewing Twitch. Entertainment Computing 45, pages 100545.
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Yueh-Tung Hua, Kun-Yu Liu, Hsien-Che Huang, Ian D. Rotherham & Shang-Chun Ma. (2023) Testing Variation in Esports Spectators’ Motivations in Relation to Consumption Behaviour. Sustainability 15:3, pages 2028.
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Rebecca Tukachinsky Forster & Jessica Journeay. 2023. Encyclopedia of Mental Health. Encyclopedia of Mental Health 714 719 .
Enoch Kwame Tham-Agyekum & Fred Ankuyi. 2023. University Initiatives on Climate Change Education and Research. University Initiatives on Climate Change Education and Research 1 24 .
Zhiming Deng, Pierre Benckendorff & Jie Wang. (2022) From interaction to relationship: Rethinking parasocial phenomena in travel live streaming. Tourism Management 93, pages 104583.
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Pierre de Bérail & Catherine Bungener. (2022) Favorite YouTubers as a source of health information during quarantine: viewers trust their favorite YouTubers with health information. Social Network Analysis and Mining 12:1.
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Dr Vicar Solomon, Faiz Younas & Sana Saeed. (2022) Identity Management Strategies, Sports Fandom and Para-social Relationships in Cricket Fans. Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology 3:2, pages 218-229.
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Mu Hu, Bingqing Zhang, Yinghe Shen, Jing Guo & Shuwen Wang. (2021) Dancing on My Own: Parasocial Love, Romantic Loneliness, and Imagined Interaction. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 41:4, pages 415-438.
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Lucas A. Keefer, Faith L. Brown, Zachary K. Rothschild & Kaitlyn Allen. (2022) A Distant Ally?: Mortality Salience and Parasocial Attachment. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, pages 003022282210851.
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Ayodeji Awobamise, Yosra Jarrar & Gabriel E. Nweke. (2022) Social Communication Apprehension, Self-Esteem and Facebook Addiction Among University Students in Uganda. Contemporary Educational Technology 14:2, pages ep354.
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Mandakini Paruthi, Priyam Mendiratta & Gaurav Gupta. 2022. Research Anthology on Citizen Engagement and Activism for Social Change. Research Anthology on Citizen Engagement and Activism for Social Change 594 607 .
Jiyoon Chang & Daeho Lee. (2022) Changes in user experience and satisfaction as media technology evolves: The reciprocal relationship between video games and video game-related media. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 174, pages 121219.
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Caitlin McLaughlin & Donghee Yvette Wohn. (2021) Predictors of parasocial interaction and relationships in live streaming. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 27:6, pages 1714-1734.
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Apryl A. Williams, Gabe H. Miller & Guadalupe Marquez-Velarde. (2021) COVID Compatibility and Risk Negotiation in Online Dating during the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Behavioral Scientist 65:14, pages 1951-1971.
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Eugene Cheng-Xi Aw & Stephanie Hui-Wen Chuah. (2021) “Stop the unattainable ideal for an ordinary me!” fostering parasocial relationships with social media influencers: The role of self-discrepancy. Journal of Business Research 132, pages 146-157.
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Kelsey E. Onderdijk, Dana Swarbrick, Bavo Van Kerrebroeck, Maximillian Mantei, Jonna K. Vuoskoski, Pieter-Jan Maes & Marc Leman. (2021) Livestream Experiments: The Role of COVID-19, Agency, Presence, and Social Context in Facilitating Social Connectedness. Frontiers in Psychology 12.
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Shuo Niu, Ava Bartolome, Cat Mai & Nguyen Binh Ha. (2021) #StayHome #WithMe: How Do YouTubers Help with COVID-19 Loneliness?. #StayHome #WithMe: How Do YouTubers Help with COVID-19 Loneliness?.
Peter B Gregg. (2020) Social responses to and motivation involving knitting vlog viewing. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 27:2, pages 508-523.
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Gözde AYTULUN & Ayda BÜYÜKŞAHİN SUNAL. (2020) Medya Karakterleriyle Kurulan Parasosyal EtkileşimParasocial Interaction with Media Characters. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 12:4, pages 494-506.
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Riva Tukachinsky, Nathan Walter & Camille J Saucier. (2020) Antecedents and Effects of Parasocial Relationships: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Communication 70:6, pages 868-894.
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S. Venus Jin & Ehri Ryu. (2020) “I'll buy what she's #wearing”: The roles of envy toward and parasocial interaction with influencers in Instagram celebrity-based brand endorsement and social commerce. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 55, pages 102121.
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Jessica E. Black, Molly Oberstein-Allen & Jennifer L. Barnes. (2020) Tell Me a Story. Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion 5:1, pages 37-62.
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Mandakini Paruthi, Priyam Mendiratta & Gaurav Gupta. 2020. Examining the Roles of IT and Social Media in Democratic Development and Social Change. Examining the Roles of IT and Social Media in Democratic Development and Social Change 115 132 .
Steven Proudfoot, Courtney Plante & Stephen Reysen. (2019) Why we put on the sorting hat: motivations to take fan personality tests. Current Issues in Personality Psychology 7:4, pages 265-273.
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Colin Hesse & Kory Floyd. (2019) Affection substitution: The effect of pornography consumption on close relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36:11-12, pages 3887-3907.
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Pierre de Bérail, Marlène Guillon & Catherine Bungener. (2019) The relations between YouTube addiction, social anxiety and parasocial relationships with YouTubers: A moderated-mediation model based on a cognitive-behavioral framework. Computers in Human Behavior 99, pages 190-204.
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Arienne Ferchaud & Mary Beth Oliver. (2019) It’s my choice: The effects of moral decision-making on narrative game engagement. Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds 11:2, pages 101-118.
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Riva Tukachinsky & Gayle Stever. (2019) Theorizing Development of Parasocial Engagement. Communication Theory 29:3, pages 209-230.
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Mathias Weber, Stefan Aufenanger, Michael Dreier, Oliver Quiring, Leonard Reinecke, Klaus Wölfling, Kai W. Müller & Manfred E. Beutel. (2018) Gender Differences in Escapist Uses of Sexually Explicit Internet Material: Results from a German Probability Sample. Sexuality & Culture 22:4, pages 1171-1188.
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Kumju Hwang & Qi Zhang. (2018) Influence of parasocial relationship between digital celebrities and their followers on followers’ purchase and electronic word-of-mouth intentions, and persuasion knowledge. Computers in Human Behavior 87, pages 155-173.
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Insin Kim & Joonhyeong Joseph Kim. (2017) Older adults’ parasocial interaction formation process in the context of travel websites: The moderating role of parent-child geographic proximity. Tourism Management 63, pages 399-416.
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Max Sjöblom & Juho Hamari. (2017) Why do people watch others play video games? An empirical study on the motivations of Twitch users. Computers in Human Behavior 75, pages 985-996.
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Erkan Kıral & Barış Çavuş. (2017) The relationship between the instructors' perfectionism and social emotional loneliness levels. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 7:3, pages 483-508.
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Juho Hamari & Max Sjöblom. (2017) What is eSports and why do people watch it?. Internet Research 27:2, pages 211-232.
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Chae Mi Lim & Youn-Kyung Kim. (2017) Older consumers’ TV shopping: emotions and satisfaction. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 45:3, pages 292-307.
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Gayle S. Stever. 2017. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects 1 12 .
Katarzyna Adamczyk. (2015) An Investigation of Loneliness and Perceived Social Support Among Single and Partnered Young Adults. Current Psychology 35:4, pages 674-689.
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T. Phillip Madison & Lance V. Porter. (2015) Cognitive and Imagery Attributes of Parasocial Relationships. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 35:4, pages 359-379.
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T. Phillip Madison, Lance V. Porter & Al Greule. (2015) Parasocial Compensation Hypothesis. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 35:3, pages 258-279.
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Heather Lee Strafaccia. 2016. Leadership and Personnel Management. Leadership and Personnel Management 759 776 .
Rowena L. Briones & Melissa Janoske. 2016. Social Networking and Education. Social Networking and Education 239 253 .
Serra İnci Çelebi. (2015) The Investigation of Social Communication Apprehension and Motives for Social Network Sites Usage. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, pages 115-134.
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Leila Karimi, Rouhollah Khodabandelou, Maryam Ehsani & Muhammad Ahmad. (2014) Applying the Uses and Gratifications Theory to Compare Higher Education Students’ Motivation for Using Social Networking Sites: Experiences from Iran, Malaysia, United Kingdom, and South Africa. Contemporary Educational Technology 5:1.
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Heather Lee Strafaccia. 2014. Cases on Communication Technology for Second Language Acquisition and Cultural Learning. Cases on Communication Technology for Second Language Acquisition and Cultural Learning 206 230 .
Steve Sussman & Meghan B. Moran. (2013) Hidden addiction: Television. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 2:3, pages 125-132.
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Larry Powell, Virginia P. Richmond & Glenda Cantrell-Williams. (2012) The “Drinking-Buddy” Scale as a Measure of Para-Social Behavior. Psychological Reports 110:3, pages 1029-1037.
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Clark F. Greer & Douglas A. Ferguson. (2011) Following Local Television News Personalities on Twitter. Electronic News 5:3, pages 145-157.
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Dara N. GreenwoodChristopher R. Long. (2010) Attachment, Belongingness Needs, and Relationship Status Predict Imagined Intimacy With Media Figures. Communication Research 38:2, pages 278-297.
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Abbie Speed, Alycia Burnett, Camilla Owens & Mackenzie Parsons. (2022) Beyond the Game: Understanding Why People Enjoy Viewing Twitch. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Max Sjjblom & Juho Hamari. (2016) Why Do People Watch Others Play Video Games? An Empirical Study on the Motivations of Twitch Users. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Juho Hamari & Max Sjjblom. (2017) What Is eSports and Why Do People Watch It?. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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