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Leisure Sciences
An Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 3, 1980 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Perceptions of crowding and resource quality by early and more recent visitors

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Pages 367-381 | Published online: 13 Jul 2009

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Read on this site (38)

Li Li, Jie Zhang, Sifeng Nian & Honglei Zhang. (2017) Tourists’ perceptions of crowding, attractiveness, and satisfaction: a second-order structural model. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 22:12, pages 1250-1260.
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Larry M. Gigliotti & Loren Chase. (2014) A Bivalent Scale for Measuring Crowding Among Deer Hunters. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 19:1, pages 96-103.
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Laura E. Anderson & David K. Loomis. (2012) Normative Standards for Coral Reef Conditions: A Comparison of SCUBA Divers by Specialization Level. Journal of Leisure Research 44:2, pages 257-274.
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Christine M. Van Winkle & Kelly J. MacKay. (2008) Self-Serving Bias in Visitors' Perceptions of the Impacts of Tourism. Journal of Leisure Research 40:1, pages 69-89.
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Arne Arnberger & Wolfgang Haider. (2007) A Comparison of Global and Actual Measures of Perceived Crowding of Urban Forest Visitors. Journal of Leisure Research 39:4, pages 668-685.
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RonaldJ. Salz & DavidK. Loomis. (2005) Recreation Specialization and Anglers’ Attitudes Towards Restricted Fishing Areas. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 10:3, pages 187-199.
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Daniel N. Laven & Daniel H. Krymkowski. (2005) The Relationship Between Visitor-Based Standards of Quality and Existing Conditions in Parks and Outdoor Recreation. Leisure Sciences 27:2, pages 157-173.
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Gerard Kyle, Alan Graefe, Robert Manning & James Bacon. (2004) Effect of Activity Involvement and Place Attachment on Recreationists' Perceptions of Setting Density. Journal of Leisure Research 36:2, pages 209-231.
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Walter F. Kuentzel & Thomas A. Heberlein. (2003) More Visitors, Less Crowding: Change and Stability of Norms Over Time at the Apostle Islands. Journal of Leisure Research 35:4, pages 349-371.
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Robert E. Manning. (2003) What to Do About Crowding and Solitude in Parks and Wilderness? A Reply to Stewart and Cole. Journal of Leisure Research 35:1, pages 107-118.
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Robert E. Manning & William A. Valliere. (2001) Coping in Outdoor Recreation: Causes and Consequences of Crowding and Conflict Among Community Residents. Journal of Leisure Research 33:4, pages 410-426.
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Troy Hall & Bo Shelby. (2000) Temporal and Spatial Displacement: Evidence from A High-Use Reservoir and Alternate Sites. Journal of Leisure Research 32:4, pages 435-456.
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JoanneF. Tynon. (1997) Quality hunting experiences: A qualitative inquiry. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 2:1, pages 32-46.
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Ronny Meyer. (1997) Environmental attributes in recreational boating. A case study from the Nøtterøy/Tjøme Skerries in southeastern Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 51:2, pages 103-121.
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BonitaL. McFarlane. (1996) Socialization influences of specialization among birdwatchers. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 1:1, pages 35-50.
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CemM. Basman, MichaelJ. Manfredo, SusanC. Barro, JerryJ. Vaske & Alan Watson. (1996) Norm accessibility: An exploratory study of backcountry and frontcountry recreational norms. Leisure Sciences 18:2, pages 177-191.
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C. Scott Shafer & WilliamE. Hammitt. (1995) Congruency among experience dimensions, condition indicators, and coping behaviors in wilderness. Leisure Sciences 17:4, pages 263-279.
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IngridE. Schneider & WilliamE. Hammitt. (1995) Visitor response to outdoor recreation conflict: A conceptual approach. Leisure Sciences 17:3, pages 223-234.
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Bruce Shindler & Bo Shelby. (1995) Product shift in recreation settings: Findings and implications from panel research. Leisure Sciences 17:2, pages 91-107.
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Robert A. Robertson & Jeffrey A. Regula. (1994) Recreational Displacement and Overall Satisfaction: A Study of Central Iowa's Licensed Boaters. Journal of Leisure Research 26:2, pages 174-181.
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WesleyS. Roehl & RobertB. Ditton. (1993) Impacts of the offshore marine industry on coastal tourism: The case of Padre Island national seashore. Coastal Management 21:1, pages 75-89.
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Walter F. Kuentzel & Thomas A. Heberlein. (1992) Cognitive and Behavioral Adaptations To Perceived Crowding: A Panel Study of Coping and Displacement. Journal of Leisure Research 24:4, pages 377-393.
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Mark I. Ivy, William P. Stewart & Chi-Chuan Lue. (1992) Exploring the Role of Tolerance in Recreational Conflict. Journal of Leisure Research 24:4, pages 348-360.
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Walter F. Kuentzel & Cary D. McDonald. (1992) Differential Effects of Past Experience, Commitment, and Lifestyle Dimensions on River Use Specialization. Journal of Leisure Research 24:3, pages 269-287.
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William E. Hammitt, Lisa R. Knauf & Francis P. Noe. (1989) A Comparison of User vs Researcher Determined Level of Past Experience on Recreation Preference. Journal of Leisure Research 21:3, pages 202-213.
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Bo Shelby, JerryJ. Vaske & ThomasA. Heberlein. (1989) Comparative analysis of crowding in multiple locations: Results from fifteen years of research. Leisure Sciences 11:4, pages 269-291.
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Bo Shelby, N. Stewart Bregenzer & Rebecca Johnson. (1988) Displacement and Product Shift: Empirical Evidence From Oregon Rivers. Journal of Leisure Research 20:4, pages 274-288.
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Jerry J. Vaske, Bo Shelby, Alan R. Graefe & Thomas A. Heberlein. (1986) Backcountry Encounter Norms: Theory, Method and Empirical Evidence. Journal of Leisure Research 18:3, pages 137-153.
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PhilipposJ. Loukissas. (1986) Impacts of energy development on coastal recreation: The case of New Jersey. Coastal Zone Management Journal 13:3-4, pages 281-307.
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StephenM. Holland, AnthonyJ. Fedler & RobertB. Ditton. (1986) The group representative bias: Another look. Leisure Sciences 8:1, pages 79-91.
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Robert E. Manning. (1985) Crowding Norms in Backcountry Settings: A Review and Synthesis. Journal of Leisure Research 17:2, pages 75-89.
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R. H. Becker, Alan Jubenville & G. W. Burnett. (1984) Fact and judgment in the search for a social carrying capacity. Leisure Sciences 6:4, pages 475-486.
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AlanR. Graefe, JerryJ. Vaske & FredR. Kuss. (1984) Social carrying capacity: An integration and synthesis of twenty years of research. Leisure Sciences 6:4, pages 395-431.
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JamesH. Gramann & RabelJ. Burdge. (1984) Crowding perception determinants at intensively developed outdoor recreation sites. Leisure Sciences 6:2, pages 167-186.
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Richard Schreyer, David W. Lime & Daniel R. Williams. (1984) Characterizing the Influence of Past Experience on Recreation Behavior. Journal of Leisure Research 16:1, pages 34-50.
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RobertB. Ditton, AnthonyJ. Fedler & AlanR. Graefe. (1983) Factors contributing to perceptions of recreational crowding. Leisure Sciences 5:4, pages 273-288.
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Articles from other publishers (25)

Humeyra Dogru-Dastan, Svetlana Stepchenkova & Andrei P. Kirilenko. (2022) Responding to Visitor Density Pre and Post COVID-19 Outbreak: The Impact of Personality Type on Perceived Crowdedness, Feeling of Being Comfortable, and Anticipated Experience. Sustainability 14:7, pages 3960.
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Ting-Hsuan Wang, Wan-Hsuan Wu, Li Shen & Chia-Kuen Cheng. (2020) Exploring the validity of using immersive virtual reality technique on perceived crowding of recreational environment. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 17:3, pages 299-308.
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Gerard Kyle & Adam Landon. (2021) Shifting setting densities and normative evaluations of recreation experiences over time. Landscape and Urban Planning 208, pages 104034.
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Yingsha Zhang, Xiang (Robert) Li, Qin Su & Xingbao Hu. (2017) Exploring a theme park's tourism carrying capacity: A demand-side analysis. Tourism Management 59, pages 564-578.
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Bart Neuts. (2015) An econometric approach to crowding in touristic city centres. Tourism Economics 22:5, pages 1055-1074.
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Sang-Oh Kim, Bo Shelby & Mark D. Needham. (2013) Effects of Facility Developments and Encounter Levels on Perceptions of Settings, Crowding, and Norms in a Korean Park. Environmental Management 53:2, pages 441-453.
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Enrique Navarro Jurado, Ionela Mihaela Damian & Antonio Fernández-Morales. (2013) CARRYING CAPACITY MODEL APPLIED IN COASTAL DESTINATIONS. Annals of Tourism Research 43, pages 1-19.
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Laura E. Anderson & Robert E. Manning. (2013) Normative Evaluations Among Paddlers: A Comparison of Two Dimensions of Experience. Tourism in Marine Environments 9:1, pages 53-67.
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Deborah L. Kerstetter & Kelly S. Bricker. 2012. Handbook of Tourism and Quality-of-Life Research. Handbook of Tourism and Quality-of-Life Research 445 462 .
Sang-Oh Kim & Bo Shelby. (2011) Effects of Soundscapes on Perceived Crowding and Encounter Norms. Environmental Management 48:1, pages 89-97.
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Norun Hjertager Krog, Bo Engdahl & Kristian Tambs. (2010) Effects of Changed Aircraft Noise Exposure on the Use of Outdoor Recreational Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7:11, pages 3890-3915.
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John Loomis & Catherine Keske. (2009) The Economic Value of Novel Means of Ascending High Mountain Peaks: A Travel Cost Demand Model of Pikes Peak Cog Railway Riders, Automobile Users and Hikers. Tourism Economics 15:2, pages 426-436.
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Chung-Chi Wu, Ching-Tang James Wang, Hsiou-Hsiang Jack Liu & Wei-Ching Wang. 2009. Advances in Hospitality and Leisure. Advances in Hospitality and Leisure 69 87 .
John G. Peden & Rudy M. Schuster. (2008) Assessing the Transactional Nature of Wilderness Experiences: Construct Validation of the Wilderness-Hassles Appraisal Scale. Environmental Management 42:3, pages 497-510.
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Megha Budruk, Sonja A. Wilhem Stanis, Ingrid E. Schneider & Jennifer J. Heisey. (2008) Crowding and Experience-Use History: A Study of the Moderating Effect of Place Attachment Among Water-Based Recreationists. Environmental Management 41:4, pages 528-537.
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Chung-Chi Wu, Shih-Yun Hsu & Wei-Ching Wang. 2008. 121 137 .
Arne Arnberger & Christiane Brandenburg. (2007) Past On-Site Experience, Crowding Perceptions, and Use Displacement of Visitor Groups to a Peri-Urban National Park. Environmental Management 40:1, pages 34-45.
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Dave D. White. (2006) An Interpretive Study of Yosemite National Park Visitors’ Perspectives Toward Alternative Transportation in Yosemite Valley. Environmental Management 39:1, pages 50-62.
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Sang-Oh Kim & Bo Shelby. (2006) Comparing Onsite and Offsite Methods for Measuring Norms for Trail Impacts. Environmental Management 37:4, pages 567-578.
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Deborah L. Kerstetter, John J. Confer & Alan R. Graefe. (2016) An Exploration of the Specialization Concept within the Context of Heritage Tourism. Journal of Travel Research 39:3, pages 267-274.
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Chun-Yen Chang. (1997) Using computer simulation to manage the crowding problem in parks: a study. Landscape and Urban Planning 37:3-4, pages 147-161.
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David G. Pitt. 1989. Public Places and Spaces. Public Places and Spaces 217 254 .
Randy J. VirdenRichard Schreyer. (2016) Recreation Specialization As an Indicator of Environmental Preference. Environment and Behavior 20:6, pages 721-739.
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Alan R. Graefe & Jerry J. Vaske. (1987) A framework for managing quality in the tourist experience. Annals of Tourism Research 14:3, pages 390-404.
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Richard C. Knopf. 1983. Behavior and the Natural Environment. Behavior and the Natural Environment 205 240 .

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