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Original Articles

Multiple choice and true/false tests: reliability measures and some implications of negative marking

Pages 585-595 | Published online: 14 Sep 2010

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James P. Baker & Alan K. Goodboy. (2019) The choice is yours: the effects of autonomy-supportive instruction on students’ learning and communication. Communication Education 68:1, pages 80-102.
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RichardF. Burton. (2006) Sampling knowledge and understanding: how long should a test be?. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 31:5, pages 569-582.
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Gordon Burt. (2005) Measuring the relationship between two questionnaires: appropriate definitions of intuitive understandings. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 30:6, pages 621-631.
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Saman Ebadi, Elham Karimi & Shokoufeh Vakili. (2023) An exploration into EFL learners’ perspectives on online computerized listening comprehension dynamic assessment. Language Testing in Asia 13:1.
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Casey Wong, Paul Denny, Andrew Luxton-Reilly & Jacqueline Whalley. (2021) The Impact of Multiple Choice Question Design on Predictions of Performance. The Impact of Multiple Choice Question Design on Predictions of Performance.
María José García Tárrago. (2020) Desarrollo de un algoritmo en Python para la simulación y análisis de fiabilidad de los test multirrespuesta = Development of a Python algorithm to simulate and analyze the reliability of multiple choice tests to evaluate the student knowledge. Advances in Building Education 4:2, pages 20.
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M. Rachel Harrington, Melinda Ickes, Kelly Bradley & Melody Noland. (2020) The Theory of Planned Behavior and the USDA Summer Food Service Program. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 52:10, pages 944-951.
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Sibel TOKSÖZ & Nazlı BAYKAL. (2020) The Analysis of Multiple Choice Items in Final Exam of Preparatory StudentsThe Analysis of Multiple Choice Items in Final Exam of Preparatory Students. Dil Eğitimi ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 6:1, pages 216-237.
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Jef Vanderoost, Rianne Janssen, Jan Eggermont, Riet Callens & Tinne De Laet. (2018) Elimination testing with adapted scoring reduces guessing and anxiety in multiple-choice assessments, but does not increase grade average in comparison with negative marking. PLOS ONE 13:10, pages e0203931.
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David N. Dubins, Gregory M.K. Poon & Lalitha Raman-Wilms. (2016) When passing fails: Designing multiple choice assessments to control for false positives. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 8:5, pages 598-608.
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Alan Dugdale. (2016) Measuring Student Knowledge, Ignorance and Risk Aversion with Objective Examination Questions. Creative Education 07:15, pages 2352-2361.
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Alma Jurado-Núñez & Iwin Leenen. (2016) Reflexiones sobre adivinar en preguntas de opción múltiple y cómo afecta el resultado del examen. Investigación en Educación Médica 5:17, pages 55-63.
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C. J. Ravesloot, M. F. Van der Schaaf, A. M. M. Muijtjens, C. Haaring, C. L. J. J. Kruitwagen, F. J. A. Beek, J. Bakker, J. P. J. Van Schaik & Th. J. Ten Cate. (2015) The don’t know option in progress testing. Advances in Health Sciences Education 20:5, pages 1325-1338.
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Mark L. Campbell. (2015) Multiple-Choice Exams and Guessing: Results from a One-Year Study of General Chemistry Tests Designed To Discourage Guessing. Journal of Chemical Education 92:7, pages 1194-1200.
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Milton Severo, A. Rita Gaio, Ana Povo, Fernanda Silva-Pereira & Maria Amélia Ferreira. (2015) Evidence-based decision about test scoring rules in clinical anatomy multiple-choice examinations. Anatomical Sciences Education 8:3, pages 242-248.
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Joanna F. Crofts, Robert Fox, Timothy J. Draycott, Catherine Winter, Linda P. Hunt & Valentine A. Akande. (2013) Retention of factual knowledge after practical training for intrapartum emergencies. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 123:1, pages 81-85.
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Alma Jurado-Núñez, Fernando Flores-Hernández, Laura Delgado-Maldonado, Hermann Sommer-Cervantes, Adrián Martínez-González & Melchor Sánchez-Mendiola. (2013) Distractores en preguntas de opción múltiple para estudiantes de medicina: ¿cuál es su comportamiento en un examen sumativo de altas consecuencias?. Investigación en Educación Médica 2:8, pages 202-210.
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Ellen Lesage, Martin Valcke & Elien Sabbe. (2013) Scoring methods for multiple choice assessment in higher education – Is it still a matter of number right scoring or negative marking?. Studies in Educational Evaluation 39:3, pages 188-193.
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Hwee-Ming Cheng & Damayanthi Durairajanayagam. (2012) Misconceptions highlighted among medical students in the annual International Intermedical School Physiology Quiz. Advances in Physiology Education 36:3, pages 229-232.
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Claire Gwinnett, John Cassella & Mike Allen. (2011) The trials and tribulations of designing and utilising MCQs in HE and for assessing forensic practitioner competency. New Directions:7, pages 72-78.
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Jay P. Carlson, Leslie H. Vincent, David M. Hardesty & William O. Bearden. (2009) Objective and Subjective Knowledge Relationships: A Quantitative Analysis of Consumer Research Findings. Journal of Consumer Research 35:5, pages 864-876.
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P. McCoubrie & L. McKnight. (2008) Single best answer MCQs: a new format for the FRCR part 2a exam. Clinical Radiology 63:5, pages 506-510.
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Martin E. Bush. (2006) Quality assurance of multiple‐choice tests. Quality Assurance in Education 14:4, pages 398-404.
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Alexis Direr. (2020) Efficient Scoring of Multiple-Choice Tests. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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