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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and performance in elite rugby players

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Pages 1415-1421 | Accepted 19 Jul 2010, Published online: 27 Oct 2010

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Jorge Arede, Pedro Esteves, António Paulo Ferreira, Jaime Sampaio & Nuno Leite. (2019) Jump higher, run faster: effects of diversified sport participation on talent identification and selection in youth basketball. Journal of Sports Sciences 37:19, pages 2220-2227.
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Hamid Agha-Alinejad, Babak Farzad, Mina Akbari, Dani M. Moffit & Amirbahador Dakhili. (2019) Digit ratios and motor and health-related fitness in pre-adolescent females. Annals of Human Biology 46:3, pages 225-230.
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Lee Ellis, Malvina N. Skorska & Anthony F. Bogaert. (2017) Handedness, sexual orientation, and somatic markers for prenatal androgens: Are southpaws really that gay?. Laterality 22:2, pages 157-180.
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Joseph Baker, Ann-Marie Kungl, Jan Pabst, Bernd Strauß, Dirk Büsch & Jörg Schorer. (2013) Your fate is in your hands? Handedness, digit ratio (2D:4D), and selection to a national talent development system. Laterality 18:6, pages 710-718.
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MaartenW. Peeters & AlbrechtL. Claessens. (2013) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and competition level in world-class female gymnasts. Journal of Sports Sciences 31:12, pages 1302-1311.
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Liam Kilduff, ChristianJ. Cook, Mark Bennett, Blair Crewther, Richard Michael Bracken & John Manning. (2013) Right–left digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts free testosterone levels associated with a physical challenge. Journal of Sports Sciences 31:6, pages 677-683.
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Randy Hill, Ben Simpson, John Manning & Liam Kilduff. (2012) Right–left digit ratio (2D:4D) and maximal oxygen uptake. Journal of Sports Sciences 30:2, pages 129-134.
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Articles from other publishers (65)

Koulla Parpa, John T. Manning, Magdalena Kobus, Laura Mason & Marcos Michaelides. (2024) The associations between digit ratio ( 2D : 4D and right – left 2D : 4D ), maximal oxygen consumption and ventilatory thresholds in professional male football players . American Journal of Human Biology.
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Seyed Sepehr Hashemian, Senobar Golshani, Kimia Firoozabadi, Ali Firoozabadi, Christian Fichter, Kenneth M. Dürsteler, Annette B. Brühl, Habibolah Khazaie & Serge Brand. (2024) 2D:4D-ratios among individuals with amphetamine use disorder, antisocial personality disorder and with both amphetamine use disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research 170, pages 81-89.
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Evaldo RibeiroJrJr, Nick Neave, Birgit Keller Marsili, Eduardo Carlos Gonçalves Figueiredo, Anderson Joel Martino‐Andrade & Rosana Nogueira de Moraes. (2023) Prenatal androgenization ( 2D : 4D ) predictions of tennis match‐play success in junior players: A search for physiological explanations . American Journal of Human Biology 36:1.
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Herdem Aslan Genç & Aslıhan Özcan Morey. (2023) Lower digit length ratio and aggression in adolescents and young adults with boxer's fracture: A case‐control study. Aggressive Behavior 49:6, pages 679-686.
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Pablo Brañas-Garza, Subhasish M. Chowdhury, Antonio M. Espín & Jeroen Nieboer. (2023) ‘Born this Way’? Prenatal exposure to testosterone may determine behavior in competition and conflict. Journal of Economic Psychology 96, pages 102623.
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Hadi Nobari, Özgür Eken, Pablo Prieto-González, Rafael Oliveira & João Paulo Brito. (2023) Association between 2D:4D ratios and sprinting, change of direction ability, aerobic fitness, and cumulative workloads in elite youth soccer players. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 15:1.
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Ahmet Kurtoğlu & Rukiye Çiftçi. (2023) Relationship between 2d:4d ratio, handgrip strength, and hamstring muscle length in different sports: a study of volleyball, football and basketball branches. Physical Education of Students 27:1, pages 17-23.
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Zulkhairi Azam, Zainal Abidin Zainuddin, Fatin Nadhirah Binti Zulkiflee, Nurul Diyana Binti Sanuddin, Norlaila Azura Binti Kosni & Fatin Aqilah Binti Razak. 2023. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Movement, Health and Exercise. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Movement, Health and Exercise 211 222 .
Rui Miguel Silva, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Francisco González-Fernández, Hadi Nobari, Hamed Haghighi & José Ma. Cancela Carral. (2022) Does maturity estimation, 2D:4D and training load measures explain physical fitness changes of youth football players?. BMC Pediatrics 22:1.
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Levent CEYLAN, Hamza KÜÇÜK, Tülay CEYLAN & Murat ELİÖZ. (2022) The 2nd:4th digit ratio and shooting skill performance in Basketball PlayersBasketbolcularda 2D:4D parmak oranı ve şut beceri performansı. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 5:3, pages 537-549.
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Angelica Lindén Hirschberg. (2021) Female Hyperandrogenism in Elite Sports and the Athletic Triad. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 40:01/02, pages 032-041.
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Brooke E. Pasanen, Jordan M. Tomkinson, Trevor J. Dufner, Chan Woong Park, John S. Fitzgerald & Grant R. Tomkinson. (2021) The relationship between digit ratio ( 2D : 4D ) and muscular fitness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis . American Journal of Human Biology 34:3.
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J.T. Manning, B. Fink, L. Mason, A. Kasielska-Trojan & R. Trivers. (2022) The effects of sex, nation, ethnicity, age and self-reported pubertal development on participant-measured right-left 2D:4D (Dr-l) in the BBC internet study. Journal of Biosocial Science, pages 1-13.
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Hadi Nobari, Ana Ruivo Alves, Filipe Manuel Clemente & Jorge Pérez-Gómez. (2021) Influence of 2D:4D ratio on fitness parameters and accumulated training load in elite youth soccer players. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 13:1.
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Н.Х. Спицына & Н.В. Балинова. (2021) СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНТРОПОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРОЦЕССОВ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПОПУЛЯЦИИ САРАНСКА ПЕРИОДА 90-х. Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology):3, pages 152-160.
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Donatella Di Corrado, Andrea Buscemi, Paola Magnano, Nelson Mauro Maldonato, Matej Tusak & Marinella Coco. (2021) Mood States and Performance in Elite Canoe Polo Players: The Mediating Role of Stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:9, pages 4494.
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Jakub Adamczyk, Krzysztof Safranow, Antoni Gajewski, Dariusz Boguszewski, Henryk Sozański, Ireneusz Sołtyszewski, Beata Pepłońska, Paweł Cięszczyk, Marcin Siewierski & Cezary Żekanowski. (2021) The Second‐to‐Fourth Digit (2D:4D) Ratio of Male Combat Athletes is Associated with the Choice of Sport. Journal of Human Kinetics 78, pages 59-66.
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David Savage, Ho Fai Chan, Naomi Moy, Markus Schaffner & Benno Torgler. (2020) Personality and individual characteristics as indicators of lifetime climbing success among Everest mountaineers. Personality and Individual Differences 162, pages 110044.
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Emma Eklund, Lena Ekström, John-Olof Thörngren, Magnus Ericsson, Bo Berglund & Angelica Lindén Hirschberg. (2020) Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Physical Performance in Female Olympic Athletes. Frontiers in Endocrinology 11.
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Duncan N. E. Stibbard-Hawkes. (2019) No Association between 2D:4D Ratio and Hunting Success among Hadza Hunters. Human Nature 31:1, pages 22-42.
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Michał Misiak, Marina Butovskaya, Anna Oleszkiewicz & Piotr Sorokowski. (2019) Digit ratio and hand grip strength are associated with male competition outcomes: A study among traditional populations of the Yali and Hadza. American Journal of Human Biology 32:2.
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Jorge Arede, António Paulo Ferreira, Oliver Gonzalo-Skok & Nuno Leite. (2019) Maturational Development as a Key Aspect in Physiological Performance and National-Team Selection in Elite Male Basketball Players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14:7, pages 902-910.
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G. Özen, Ö. Atar & H. Koç. (2019) Digit ratio (2D:4D): relationship with freestyle swimming performance of adolescent well-trained swimmers. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports 23:3, pages 150-154.
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Jenny Meggs, Mark Chen & Danielle Mounfield. (2019) The Organizational Effect of Prenatal Testosterone Upon Gender Role Identity and Mental Toughness in Female Athletes. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 27:1, pages 37-44.
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Katelyn L. Klapprodt, John S. Fitzgerald, Sandra E. Short, John T. Manning & Grant R. Tomkinson. (2018) Relationships between the digit ratio (2D:4D) and game‐related statistics in professional and semi‐professional male basketball players. American Journal of Human Biology 30:6.
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Cheng-Chen HsuTsorng-Harn FongHung-Ming ChangBorcherng SuChung-Pu Chi, Nai-Wen Kan & Mei-Chich Hsu. (2018) Low Second-To-Fourth Digit Ratio Has High Explosive Power? A Prepubertal Study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 32:7, pages 2091-2095.
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Mohammad Keshavarz, Mahdi Bayati, Babak Farzad, Amirbahador Dakhili & Hamid Agha-Alinejad. (2017) The Second to Fourth Digit Ratio in Elite and Non-Elite Greco-Roman Wrestlers. Journal of Human Kinetics 60:1, pages 145-151.
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Cormac W. Joyce, Andrew O’ Regan, Jack L. Kelly & Michael O’ Shaughnessy. (2017) Fight Bite Injuries: Aggressive Tendencies Associated with Smaller Second to Fourth Digit Ratio. The Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 22:04, pages 452-456.
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Takuya Yokoi, Takuya Uemura, Kenichi Kazuki, Ema Onode, Kosuke Shintani, Mitsuhiro Okada & Hiroaki Nakamura. (2017) Low second to fourth digit ratio in Dupuytren disease. Medicine 96:33, pages e7801.
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Alexander V. Georgiev, Calen P. Ryan, Lee T. Gettler, Thomas W. McDade & Christopher W. Kuzawa. (2017) Second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is unrelated to measures of somatic reproductive effort among young men from Cebu, the Philippines. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 163:3, pages 437-445.
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Keun-Ja ChoSooil Kim. (2017) Utilization of Second Digit to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) as One of Physical Markers to Evaluate Aggression in Elementary School Students. Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology 30:4, pages 153.
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Cormac W. Joyce, Nicola Mahon, Stephen Murphy, Michael J. Kerin, Padraic J. Regan & Jack L. Kelly. (2016) Second to Fourth Digit Ratios in Plastic Surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 4:1, pages e602.
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Michael Romann & Jörg Fuchslocher. (2015) Validation of digit-length ratio (2D:4D) assessments on the basis of DXA-derived hand scans. BMC Medical Imaging 15:1.
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Yo-Ping Huang, Haobijam Basanta & Frode Eika Sandnes. (2015) Measuring Digit Ratio with Smart Phone to Unveil Health Conditions and Behavior. Measuring Digit Ratio with Smart Phone to Unveil Health Conditions and Behavior.
Blair Crewther, Christian Cook, Liam Kilduff & John Manning. (2015) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and salivary testosterone, oestradiol and cortisol levels under challenge: Evidence for prenatal effects on adult endocrine responses. Early Human Development 91:8, pages 451-456.
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Melissa J. Hull, Natasha K. Schranz, John T. Manning & Grant R. Tomkinson. (2014) Relationships between digit ratio (2D:4D) and female competitive rowing performance. American Journal of Human Biology 27:2, pages 157-163.
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Cheng-Chen Hsu, Borcherng Su, Nai-Wen Kan, Su-Ling Lai, Tsorng-Harn Fong, Chung-Pu Chi, Ching-Chyuan Chang & Mei-Chich Hsu. (2015) Elite Collegiate Tennis Athletes Have Lower 2D. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29:3, pages 822-825.
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Matteo M. Galizzi & Jeroen Nieboer. (2015) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and altruism: evidence from a large, multi-ethnic sample. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 9.
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Anna Kasielska-Trojan & Bogusław Antoszewski. (2015) Can digit ratio (2D:4D) studies be helpful in explaining the aetiology of idiopathic gynecomastia?. Early Human Development 91:1, pages 57-61.
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C.W. Joyce, N. Mahon, J.C. Kelly, S. Murphy, M. McAllister, J.C. Chan, M.J. Kerin & J.L. Kelly. (2014) Hands of a surgeon: Second to fourth digit ratios in the surgical profession. Personality and Individual Differences 68, pages 28-31.
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Honnamachanahalli H. Sudhakar, Pralay Majumdar, Veena Umesh & Kaninika Panda. (2014) Second to Fourth Digit Ratio Is a Predictor of Sporting Ability in Elite Indian Male Kabaddi Players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine 5:3.
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Maciej Karwowski & Izabela Lebuda. (2014) Digit ratio predicts eminence of Polish actors. Personality and Individual Differences 64, pages 30-34.
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Liam P. Kilduff, Renato N. Hopp, Christian J. Cook, Blair T. Crewther & John T. Manning. (2013) Digit Ratio (2D:4D), Aggression, and Testosterone in Men Exposed to an Aggressive Video Stimulus. Evolutionary Psychology 11:5, pages 953-964.
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Dapeng Zhao, Keli Yu, Xinghua Zhang & Lianbin Zheng. (2013) Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Handgrip Strength in Hani Ethnicity. PLoS ONE 8:10, pages e77958.
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Doyoun Kim, Dong-Ho Park & Kwanghoi KIm. (2013) The Comparison of Physique, Physical Fitness and O2max According to 2D:4D Digit Ratio of Elementary School Students Applied for Sports Talented Children Program. Korean Journal of Sport Science 24:3, pages 454-464.
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Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan, Ningthoukhongjam Asha, Sandeep Kaur, Preetika M. Chatterjee & Bahadur Singh. (2013) Estimation of sex from index and ring finger in a North Indian population. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 20:5, pages 471-479.
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Maarten W. Peeters, Katrijn Van Aken & Albrecht L. Claessens. (2013) The Left Hand Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Is Not Related to Any Physical Fitness Component in Adolescent Girls. PLoS ONE 8:4, pages e59766.
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J. T. Manning, L. P. Kilduff & R. Trivers. (2012) Digit ratio (2D:4D) in Klinefelter's syndrome. Andrology 1:1, pages 94-99.
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Maarten W. Peeters & Albrecht L. Claessens. (2012) The Left Hand Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Does Not Discriminate World-Class Female Gymnasts from Age Matched Sedentary Girls. PLoS ONE 7:6, pages e40270.
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Jonathan P. Folland, Tracey M. Mc Cauley, Cherry Phypers, Beth Hanson & Sarabjit S. Mastana. (2012) Relationship of 2D:4D finger ratio with muscle strength, testosterone, and androgen receptor CAG repeat genotype. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 148:1, pages 81-87.
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Graziella Vittoria Direnzo & Jennifer Lynn Stynoski. (2012) Patterns of Second‐to‐Fourth Digit Length Ratios (2D:4D) in Two Species of Frogs and Two Species of Lizards at La Selva, Costa Rica. The Anatomical Record 295:4, pages 597-603.
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John C. Loehlin, Sarah E. Medland & Nicholas G. Martin. (2012) Is CAG sequence length in the androgen receptor gene correlated with finger-length ratio?. Personality and Individual Differences 52:2, pages 224-227.
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Liam P Kilduff, Christian J Cook & John T Manning. (2011) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and performance in male surfers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25:11, pages 3175-3180.
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Katariina Kangassalo, Mari Pölkki & Markus J. Rantala. (2011) Prenatal Influences on Sexual Orientation: Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Number of Older Siblings. Evolutionary Psychology 9:4, pages 496-508.
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Johannes H?nekopp. (2011) Relationships between digit ratio 2D:4D and self-reported aggression and risk taking in an online study. Personality and Individual Differences 51:1, pages 77-80.
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