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Original Articles

A prospective study of post traumatic stress symptoms 1 month following childbirth in a group of 42 first-time mothers

Pages 91-105 | Received 10 Aug 1996, Accepted 28 Aug 1997, Published online: 11 Dec 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (21)

Meagan E. Williams, Donna M. Strobino & Charvonne N. Holliday. (2023) Measuring post-traumatic stress after childbirth: a review and critical appraisal of instruments. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 41:5, pages 599-613.
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Helen Murphy & Joanna Strong. (2018) Just another ordinary bad birth? A narrative analysis of first time mothers' traumatic birth experiences. Health Care for Women International 39:6, pages 619-643.
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Yeela Tomsis, Marc Gelkopf, Hanoch Yerushalmi & Yaniv Zipori. (2018) Different coping strategies influence the development of PTSD among first-time mothers. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 31:10, pages 1304-1310.
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Aminata O’Reilly, Delphine Choby, Natalène Séjourné & Stacey Callahan. (2014) Feelings of control, unconditional self-acceptance and maternal self-esteem in women who had delivered by caesarean. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 32:4, pages 355-365.
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N. Goutaudier, N. Séjourné, C. Rousset, C. Lami & H. Chabrol. (2012) Negative emotions, childbirth pain, perinatal dissociation and self-efficacy as predictors of postpartum posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 30:4, pages 352-362.
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Anne Denis, Olivier Parant & Stacey Callahan. (2011) Post‐traumatic stress disorder related to birth: a prospective longitudinal study in a French population. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 29:2, pages 125-135.
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Cheryl Anderson. (2010) Impact of Traumatic Birth Experience on Latina Adolescent Mothers. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 31:11, pages 700-707.
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Leann K. Lapp, Catherine Agbokou, Charles-Siegfried Peretti & Florian Ferreri. (2010) Management of post traumatic stress disorder after childbirth: a review. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 31:3, pages 113-122.
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Zai Edworthy, Rebecca Chasey & Huw Williams. (2008) The role of schema and appraisals in the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms following birth. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 26:2, pages 123-138.
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Lesley Leeds & Isabel Hargreaves. (2008) The psychological consequences of childbirth. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 26:2, pages 108-122.
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Stefanie Zaers, Melanie Waschke & Ulrike Ehlert. (2008) Depressive symptoms and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in women after childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 29:1, pages 61-71.
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Sakari Lemola, Werner Stadlmayr & Alexander Grob. (2007) Maternal adjustment five months after birth: the impact of the subjective experience of childbirth and emotional support from the partner. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 25:3, pages 190-202.
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Rosemary Selkirk, Suzanne McLaren, Alison Ollerenshaw, AngusJ. McLachlan & Julie Moten. (2006) The longitudinal effects of midwife‐led postnatal debriefing on the psychological health of mothers. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 24:2, pages 133-147.
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Tracey White, Stephen Matthey, Kim Boyd & Bryanne Barnett. (2006) Postnatal depression and post‐traumatic stress after childbirth: Prevalence, course and co‐occurrence. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 24:2, pages 107-120.
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Cristina Maggioni, Davide Margola & Francesca Filippi. (2006) PTSD, risk factors, and expectations among women having a baby: A two-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 27:2, pages 81-90.
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Eelco Olde, Onno van der Hart, RolfJ. Kleber, Maarten J. M. van Son, Hennie A. A. Wijnen & Victor J. M. Pop. (2005) Peritraumatic Dissociation and Emotions as Predictors of PTSD Symptoms Following Childbirth. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 6:3, pages 125-142.
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Susan Pacey. (2004) Couples and the first baby: responding to new parents' sexual and relationship problems. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 19:3, pages 223-246.
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D. Bailham, P. Slade & S. Joseph. (2004) Principal components analysis of the Perceptions of Labour and Delivery Scale and revised scoring criteria. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 22:3, pages 157-165.
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Edmund Keogh, Susan Ayers & Harriet Francis. (2002) Does Anxiety Sensitivity Predict Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Following Childbirth? A Preliminary Report. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 31:4, pages 145-155.
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S. Ayers. (2001) Assessing psychopathology in pregnancy and postpartum. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 22:2, pages 91-102.
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Sarah Allen. (1998) A qualitative analysis of the process, mediating variables and impact of traumatic childbirth. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 16:2-3, pages 107-131.
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Articles from other publishers (45)

Solmaz Ghanbari-Homaie, Seyedeh-Pooneh Jenani, Leili Faraji-Gavgani, Pooya Hosenzadeh & Mansour Rezaei. (2024) Association between epidural analgesia and postpartum psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 10:6, pages e27717.
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Lucy J. Frankham, Einar B. Thorsteinsson & Warren Bartik. (2023) Birth related PTSD and its association with the mother-infant relationship: A meta-analysis. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 38, pages 100920.
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Jemima Carter, Debra Bick, Daniel Gallacher & Yan‐Shing Chang. (2022) Mode of birth and development of maternal postnatal post‐traumatic stress disorder: A mixed‐methods systematic review and meta‐analysis . Birth 49:4, pages 616-627.
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Cameron Duncan & Cindy Pitlock. (2022) Recognizing childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. The Nurse Practitioner 47:9, pages 10-12.
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Allana Munro, Hilary MacCormick, Atul Sabharwal & Ronald B. George. (2020) Pharmacologic labour analgesia and its relationship to postpartum psychiatric disorders: a scoping reviewL’analgésie pharmacologique pour le travail obstétrical et sa relation aux troubles psychiatriques postpartum: une étude exploratoire. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 67:5, pages 588-604.
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Jane Fisher, Catherine Acton & Heather Rowe. 2018. Motherhood in the Face of Trauma. Motherhood in the Face of Trauma 3 20 .
S. Ayers, R. Bond, S. Bertullies & K. Wijma. (2016) The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework. Psychological Medicine 46:6, pages 1121-1134.
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Hua-Pin Chang, Jia-Yuh Chen, Yen-Hsun Huang, Chih-Jung Yeh, Jing-Yang Huang, Pen-Hua Su & Vincent Chin-Hung Chen. (2016) Factors Associated with Post-Traumatic Symptoms in Mothers of Preterm Infants. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 30:1, pages 96-101.
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Joris F.G. Haagen, Mirjam Moerbeek, Eelco Olde, Onno van der Hart & Rolf J. Kleber. (2015) PTSD after childbirth: A predictive ethological model for symptom development. Journal of Affective Disorders 185, pages 135-143.
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Anna N Vossbeck-Elsebusch, Claudia Freisfeld & Thomas Ehring. (2014) Predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth. BMC Psychiatry 14:1.
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Analise O’Donovan, Kristie L. Alcorn, Jeff C. Patrick, Debra K. Creedy, Sharon Dawe & Grant J. Devilly. (2014) Predicting posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth. Midwifery 30:8, pages 935-941.
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Julia König. (2014) Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen nach Geburt. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie 62:3, pages 165-173.
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Susan Garthus‐Niegel, Cecilie Knoph, Tilmann von Soest, Christopher S. Nielsen & Malin Eberhard‐Gran. (2014) The Role of Labor Pain and Overall Birth Experience in the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Birth 41:1, pages 108-115.
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Rhonda J. Boorman, Grant J. Devilly, Jenny Gamble, Debra K. Creedy & Jennifer Fenwick. (2014) Childbirth and criteria for traumatic events. Midwifery 30:2, pages 255-261.
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Maryam Modarres, Sedigheh Afrasiabi, Parvin Rahnama & Ali Montazeri. (2012) Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 12:1.
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Cheryl Tatano Beck, Robert K. Gable, Carol Sakala & Eugene R. Declercq. (2011) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in New Mothers: Results from a Two-Stage U.S. National Survey. Birth 38:3, pages 216-227.
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Elizabeth Ford, Susan Ayers & Robert Bradley. (2010) Exploration of a cognitive model to predict post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 24:3, pages 353-359.
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J. Roy, J. Agenor, M. Hoffet, J. Dendale, G. Masson, J.-B. Mariette, S. Kamiersak, D. Gazeïlle & P. Lopez. (2010) Effets d’un protocole d’accompagnement des menaces d’accouchement de grande prématurité sur le stress maternel postnatal mesuré à six moisPost traumatic stress disorder in women with a risk of very premature delivery: benefits of an antenatal medical and psychological support. Revue de médecine périnatale 2:1, pages 32-42.
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Anne Denis & Stacey Callahan. (2009) État de stress post-traumatique et accouchement classique : revue de littérature. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive 19:4, pages 116-119.
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Maeve Mangaoang. (2014) Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder and its treatment. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 26:2, pages 76-81.
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Paul Reuwer, Hein Bruinse & Arie Franx. 2009. Proactive Support of Labor. Proactive Support of Labor 9 18 .
Elizabeth FordSusan AyersDaniel B. Wright. (2009) Measurement of Maternal Perceptions of Support and Control in Birth (SCIB). Journal of Women's Health 18:2, pages 245-252.
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Karen Nicholls & Susan Ayers. (2010) Childbirth‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder in couples: A qualitative study. British Journal of Health Psychology 12:4, pages 491-509.
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M. Boudou, N. Séjourné & H. Chabrol. (2007) Douleur de l’accouchement, dissociation et détresse périnatales comme variables prédictives de symptômes de stress post-traumatique en post-partum. Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 35:11, pages 1136-1142.
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Werner Stadlmayr, Johannes Bitzer, Felix Amsler, Heidi Simoni, Judith Alder, Daniel Surbek & Dieter Bürgin. (2007) Acute stress reactions in the first 3 weeks postpartum: A study of 219 parturients. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 135:1, pages 65-72.
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A. Maul. (2007) An evolutionary interpretation of the significance of physical pain experienced by human females: Defloration and childbirth pains. Medical Hypotheses 69:2, pages 403-409.
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I. F. Brockington, E. Macdonald & G. Wainscott. (2006) Anxiety, obsessions and morbid preoccupations in pregnancy and the puerperium. Archives of Women's Mental Health 9:5, pages 253-263.
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Maureen Raynor. (2006) Social and psychological context of childbearing. Women's Health Medicine 3:2, pages 64-67.
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AO Adewuya, YA Ologun & OS Ibigbami. (2006) Post‐traumatic stress disorder after childbirth in Nigerian women: prevalence and risk factors. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 113:3, pages 284-288.
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Eleonora Bielawska-Batorowicz & Klaudia Szembek. (2006) PTSD symptoms after the delivery in women who delivered alone or accompanied by their partners. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica:10, pages 49-58.
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Maureen Raynor. (2006) Pregnancy and the puerperium: the social and psychological context. Psychiatry 5:1, pages 1-4.
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Eelco Olde, Rolf J. Kleber, Onno van der Hart & Victor J.M. Pop. (2006) Childbirth and Posttraumatic Stress Responses. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 22:4, pages 259-267.
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Uriel Halbreich. (2005) The association between pregnancy processes, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and postpartum depressions—The need for interdisciplinary integration. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 193:4, pages 1312-1322.
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B. Pierrehumbert, A. Borghini, M. Forcada-Guex, L. Jaunin, C. Müller-Nix & F. Ansermet. (2004) Validation française d’un questionnaire de stress post-traumatique destiné aux parents d’enfants présentant un risque périnatal élevé. Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique 162:9, pages 711-721.
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SUSAN AYERS. (2004) Delivery as a Traumatic Event: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Treatment for Postnatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 47:3, pages 552-567.
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Cheryl Tatano Beck. (2004) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Due to Childbirth. Nursing Research 53:4, pages 216-224.
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Marsha M. CohenDonna Ansara, Berit Schei, Noreen Stuckless & Donna E. Stewart. (2004) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery. Journal of Women's Health 13:3, pages 315-324.
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Ian Brockington. (2004) Postpartum psychiatric disorders. The Lancet 363:9405, pages 303-310.
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Dianna Spies Sorenson. (2003) Healing traumatizing provider interactions among women through short-term group therapy. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 17:6, pages 259-269.
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H.-P. Kapfhammer. 2003. Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie 1542 1558 .
Amy L. Gilliland. (2002) Beyond Holding Hands: The Modern Role of the Professional Doula. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 31:6, pages 762-769.
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Sue Inglis. (2002) Accessing a debriefing service following birth. British Journal of Midwifery 10:6, pages 368-371.
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Katharine G Laing. (2001) Post-traumatic stress disorder: myth or reality?. British Journal of Midwifery 9:7, pages 447-451.
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S. Clement. (2001) Psychological aspects of caesarean section. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 15:1, pages 109-126.
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Sally Marchant & Jo Garcia. 2000. Midwifery Practice: Core Topics 3. Midwifery Practice: Core Topics 3 19 28 .

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