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Journal of Social Work Practice
Psychotherapeutic Approaches in Health, Welfare and the Community
Volume 23, 2009 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Youth locked in time and space? Defining features of social withdrawal and practice implications

Pages 337-352 | Published online: 09 Sep 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (13)

Chantelle Gray & Aragorn Eloff. (2023) The fourth ecology: Hikikomori, depressive hedonia and algorithmic ubiquity. South African Journal of Philosophy 42:4, pages 301-314.
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Xuebing Su, Victor Wong & Siu-ming To. (2023) Evaluation of Experience-Driven Career Support Services for NEET Youth in Community Contexts. Child & Youth Services 0:0, pages 1-25.
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Paul W. C. Wong, Xuebing Su, Rose W. M. Yu & Tim M. H. Li. (2023) Reengaging Youth with Prolonged Social Withdrawal Behaviours in Hong Kong: Efficacy of an Intervention Programme Involving Human and Non-human Partners. Child & Youth Services 44:3, pages 231-249.
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Xuebing Su, Victor Wong & Siu-ming To. (2022) Characteristics of longer-term versus transitional NEETs in Hong Kong: implications for career support services. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 50:6, pages 950-965.
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Haasio Ari & Salminen-Tuomaala Mari. (2021) Suicide Motives and Protective Factors - Contributions from a Hikikomori Discussion Board. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 42:5, pages 417-429.
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T. M. S. Chan & C. H. Chan. (2020) Centre for Youth Research and Practice: Social Impact Assessment Results. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work 17:3, pages 267-278.
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Chitat Chan & Steven Sek-yum Ngai. (2019) Utilizing social media for social work: insights from clients in online youth services. Journal of Social Work Practice 33:2, pages 157-172.
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Joff P.N. Bradley. (2015) Stiegler Contra Robinson: On the hyper-solicitation of youth. Educational Philosophy and Theory 47:10, pages 1023-1038.
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Victor Wong. (2014) Social work with youth in social withdrawal: in-home and beyond-home intervention modalities. China Journal of Social Work 7:2, pages 161-174.
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TszKit Cheng, DavidY.F. Ho, Weizhen Xie, HerrickY.K. Wong & Alice Cheng-Lai. (2013) Alienation, despair and hope as predictors of health, coping and nonengagement among nonengaged youth: manifestations of spiritual emptiness. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy 4:1, pages 18-30.
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Articles from other publishers (36)

Koji Kanai, Yuri Kitamura, Ling Zha, Kenta Tanaka, Manabu Ikeda & Tomotaka Sobue. (2024) Prevalence of and factors influencing Hikikomori in Osaka City, Japan: A population-based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Social Psychiatry.
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Xuebing Su, Tim M. H. Li & Paul W. C. Wong. (2021) Expanding Sources of Recognition: Towards an Experience-Driven Framework for Reengaging Hikikomori and Semi-hikikomori. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 40:5, pages 713-725.
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Peter Muris & Thomas H. Ollendick. (2023) Contemporary Hermits: A Developmental Psychopathology Account of Extreme Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) in Young People. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 26:2, pages 459-481.
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Gianluca Coeli, Anna Planas-Lladó & Pere Soler-Masó. (2023) The relevance of educational contexts in the emergence of Social Withdrawal (hikikomori). A review and directions for future research. International Journal of Educational Development 99, pages 102756.
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Stefan Stijelja & Brian L. Mishara. (2022) Psychosocial Characteristics of Involuntary Celibates (Incels): A Review of Empirical Research and Assessment of the Potential Implications of Research on Adult Virginity and Late Sexual Onset. Sexuality & Culture 27:2, pages 715-734.
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Benedetta Bellini, Germana Perrotti, Luca Gambolò, Valentina Baglioni, Noemi Faedda, Giulia Natalucci, Lina Pezzuti, Ignazio Ardizzone & Vincenzo Guidetti. (2023) Prolonged Social Withdrawal During Adolescence: Transdiagnostic Syndrome or a New Psychiatric Entity?. Child Psychiatry & Human Development.
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Naomi Berman. 2023. Sustainability, Diversity, and Equality: Key Challenges for Japan. Sustainability, Diversity, and Equality: Key Challenges for Japan 77 90 .
Ning Ding & Xinwen Zhang. (2022) Bullying Victimization and Quality of Life among Chinese Adolescents: An Integrative Analysis of Internet Addiction and Social Withdrawal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:24, pages 16973.
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Esther Yin-Nei Cho & Victor C. W. Wong. (2022) Children’s Lived Experiences in Poverty in Hong Kong as a High-Income Asian Society. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:10, pages 6190.
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Or Hareven, Tamar Kron, David Roe & Danny Koren. (2020) The scope and nature of prolonged social withdrawal in Israel: An initial quantitative and qualitative investigation. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 68:2, pages 301-308.
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Jolene Y. K. Yung, Victor Wong, Grace W. K. Ho & Alex Molassiotis. (2021) Understanding the experiences of hikikomori through the lens of the CHIME framework: connectedness, hope and optimism, identity, meaning in life, and empowerment; systematic review. BMC Psychology 9:1.
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Shinichiro Matsuguma & Ryan M. Niemiec. (2020) Hikikomori from the Perspective of Overuse, Underuse, and Optimal Use of Character Strengths: Case Reports. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology 6:3, pages 219-231.
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Kelly Wong, Christian S. Chan, Milton Chan, Clifford Wong, Qijin Cheng, Cynthia Xiong & Paul Yip. (2021) Who seeks help online? Comparing online and offline help-seeking preferences amongst youths with suicidal ideation. Journal of Affective Disorders 292, pages 21-29.
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Lucia L Liu, Tim MH Li & Paul WC Wong. (2020) Discovering socially withdrawn youth in Shanghai through the eyes of social workers: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Social Work 21:3, pages 435-455.
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Victor Wong, Jacques Pouyaud, Xuebing Su & Toby C.Y. Yip. 2021. Psychologie de l'orientation tout au long de la vie. Psychologie de l'orientation tout au long de la vie 305 321 .
Mark Wong. (2020) Hidden youth? A new perspective on the sociality of young people ‘withdrawn’ in the bedroom in a digital age. New Media & Society 22:7, pages 1227-1244.
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Victor Wong, John Yuen, Xuebing Su & Jolene Yung. 2020. Social Isolation - An Interdisciplinary View. Social Isolation - An Interdisciplinary View.
Bob Spires, Eric Howington & Jay Rojewski. (2019) Generalized self-efficacy of youth in the new territories. Asian Education and Development Studies 9:1, pages 117-127.
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Paul W.C. Wong, Rose W.M. Yu, Tim M.H. Li, Steven L.H. Lai, Henry Y.H. Ng & William T.W. Fan. (2019) Efficacy of a Multicomponent Intervention with Animal-Assisted Therapy for Socially Withdrawn Youth in Hong Kong. Society & Animals 27:5-6, pages 614-627.
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Andrea Pozza, Anna Coluccia, Takahiro Kato, Marco Gaetani & Fabio Ferretti. (2019) The ‘Hikikomori’ syndrome: worldwide prevalence and co-occurring major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 9:9, pages e025213.
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Gloria Hongyee Chan. (2019) The Effect of Employment on Delinquent Behavior Among Youth in Hidden Situation. Frontiers in Psychiatry 10.
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John Yuen, Victor Wong, Wilson Tam, Ka So & Wai Chien. (2019) A One-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study on the Health Profile of Hikikomori Living in Hong Kong. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16:4, pages 546.
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Mariana S. Domingues-Castro & Albina R. Torres. (2018) Hikikomori: revisão sobre um grave fenômeno de isolamento social. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 67:4, pages 264-272.
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Ángeles Malagón-Amor, Luis Miguel Martín-López, David Córcoles, Anna González, Magda Bellsolà, Alan R. Teo, Víctor Pérez, Antoni Bulbena & Daniel Bergé. (2018) A 12-month study of the hikikomori syndrome of social withdrawal: Clinical characterization and different subtypes proposal. Psychiatry Research 270, pages 1039-1046.
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Tim MH Li, Lucia Liu & Paul WC Wong. (2017) Withdrawal experience and possible way-outs from withdrawal behavior in young people. Qualitative Social Work 17:4, pages 537-555.
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John Yuen, Yoyo Yan, Victor Wong, Wilson Tam, Ka-Wing So & Wai Chien. (2018) A Physical Health Profile of Youths Living with a “Hikikomori” Lifestyle. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15:2, pages 315.
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Chitat Chan. (2018) Analysing social networks for social work practice: A case study of the Facebook fan page of an online youth outreach project. Children and Youth Services Review 85, pages 143-150.
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Elisabetta Monfardini, Amélie J. Reynaud, Jérôme Prado & Martine Meunier. (2017) Social modulation of cognition: Lessons from rhesus macaques relevant to education. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 82, pages 45-57.
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Emmanuel Stip, Alexis Thibault, Alexis Beauchamp-Chatel & Steve Kisely. (2016) Internet Addiction, Hikikomori Syndrome, and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis. Frontiers in Psychiatry 7.
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Nicolas Tajan. (2015) Japanese post-modern social renouncers: An exploratory study of the narratives of Hikikomori subjects. Subjectivity 8:3, pages 283-304.
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N. Tajan. (2015) Social withdrawal and psychiatry: A comprehensive review of Hikikomori. Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 63:5, pages 324-331.
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Tim MH Li & Paul WC Wong. (2015) Youth social withdrawal behavior (hikikomori): A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 49:7, pages 595-609.
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Paul WC Wong, Tim MH Li, Melissa Chan, YW Law, Michael Chau, Cecilia Cheng, KW Fu, John Bacon-Shone & Paul SF Yip. (2014) The prevalence and correlates of severe social withdrawal (hikikomori) in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional telephone-based survey study . International Journal of Social Psychiatry 61:4, pages 330-342.
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Santiago Ovejero, Irene Caro-Cañizares, Victoria de León-Martínez & Enrique Baca-Garcia. (2013) Prolonged social withdrawal disorder: A hikikomori case in Spain . International Journal of Social Psychiatry 60:6, pages 562-565.
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Alexander Krieg & Jane R. Dickie. (2011) Attachment and hikikomori : A psychosocial developmental model . International Journal of Social Psychiatry 59:1, pages 61-72.
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Victor Wong. (2012) Social withdrawal as invisible youth disengagement. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 32:7/8, pages 415-430.
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