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Original Articles

The chromonic phases of dyes

, &
Pages 499-507 | Received 16 Sep 1985, Accepted 26 Jul 1986, Published online: 17 Sep 2007

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Read on this site (37)

Sultanah M. N. Alhunayhin, Richard J. Bushby, Andrew N. Cammidge & Saeed S. Samman. (2023) Triphenylene discotic liquid crystals: biphenyls, synthesis, and the search for nematic systems. Liquid Crystals 0:0, pages 1-12.
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T. N. Govindaiah. (2016) Optical density and ultrasonic measurements of lyotropic chromonic phase of liquid crystalline materials. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 631:1, pages 92-98.
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T. N. Govindaiah & J. Mahadeva. (2016) Optical and electro-optical studies on liquid crystalline materials. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 631:1, pages 64-68.
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Govindaswamy Shanker, Gurumurthy Hegde & Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu. (2016) Self-assembly of thiacyanine dyes in water for the synthesis of active hybrid nanofibres. Liquid Crystals 43:4, pages 473-483.
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T. N. Govindaiah, H. R. Sreepad & Nagappa. (2015) Co-existent Biphasic Region of Nematic Phase in Binary Mixture of Abietic Acid and Glacial Acetic Acid. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 609:1, pages 61-69.
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T. N. Govindaiah, H. R. Sreepad, P. S. Raghuram, T. Shivalingaswamy, Nagappa & B. K. Kempegowda. (2015) Aggregated Columnar Biphasic Region of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystalline Phase. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 608:1, pages 157-165.
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Omkar Patil & Sanat Mohanty. (2014) Why folates self-assemble: a simulation-based study. Molecular Simulation 40:14, pages 1147-1156.
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T. N. Govindaiah, H. R. Sreepad, Nagappa & J. Mahdeva. (2014) Optical Characterization of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 593:1, pages 43-50.
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T.N. Govindaiah, H.R. Sreepad & Nagappa. (2013) Mesophase Formation in Binary Mixtures of Berberine and Glacial Acetic Acid. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 570:1, pages 101-108.
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John Lydon. (2011) Chromonic liquid crystalline phases. Liquid Crystals 38:11-12, pages 1663-1681.
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Sanat Mohanty. (2011) Chromonics: Reviewing a High-performance Self-assembling Structure. Indian Chemical Engineer 53:2, pages 84-94.
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John Lydon. (2007) A personal history of the early days of chromonics. Liquid Crystals Today 16:2, pages 13-27.
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Nadejda Usol Tseva, Venera Bykova, Alexandr Semeikin, Galina Ananjeva, Antonina Smirnova & Vladimir Negrimovski. (1997) Lyotropic Phase Behaviour of Phthalocyanine Derivatives in Apolar Organic Solvents. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 304:1, pages 201-206.
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GIOVANNI GOTTARELLI, GLORIA PRONI & GIAN PIERO SPADA. (1997) The self-assembly and lyotropic mesomorphism of riboguanylic acids (GMP). Liquid Crystals 22:5, pages 563-566.
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Klaus Praefcke, JohnD. Holbrey, Nadejda Usol'tseva & Dirk Blunk. (1997) Amphotropic Properties of Multi-Palladium and -Platinum Liquid Crystals [1]. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 292:1, pages 123-139.
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Nadejda Usol'tseva. (1996) Lyotropic Behaviour of Sheet-Like Chemical Compounds: Amphotropy of Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Derivatives. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 288:1, pages 201-210.
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Klaus Praefcke, JohnD. Holbrey & Nadejda Usol'tseva. (1996) Flat Mesomorphic Metal Organyls. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 288:1, pages 189-200.
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N. Usol'tseva, G. Hauck, H.D. Koswig, K. Praefcke & B. Heinrich. (1996) On the nematic-nematic phase transition in mixtures composed of sheet-shaped palladium organyls and apolar organic solvents. Liquid Crystals 20:6, pages 731-739.
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Venera Bykova, Nadejda Usoľtseva, Galina Ananjeva, Alexander Semizikin & Tatyana Karmanova. (1995) The Influence of the Structure of Tetra(4-Sulphophenyl)Porphin Derivatives on Their Lyotropic Mesomorphism. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 265:1, pages 651-657.
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A. Loewenstein & M. Brenman. (1994) Study of the liquid crystalline phases of benzopurpurin in water. Liquid Crystals 17:4, pages 499-505.
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N. Usol'tseva, K. Praefcke, D. Singer & B. Gündogan. (1994) The first case of a lyotropic twisted nematic (N∗) phase induced by a chiral charge transfer complex [1]. Liquid Crystals 16:4, pages 617-623.
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N. Usol'tseva, K. Praefcke, D. Singer & B. Gündogan. (1994) Lyotropic phase behaviour of disc-shaped tetra-palladium organyls in apolar organic solvents [1]. Liquid Crystals 16:4, pages 601-616.
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M. Kobayashi, A. Sasagawa, T. Hoshi, J. Okubo, J. Okubo, J. Okubo & J. Okubo. (1993) High-Order Aggregation of Crystal Violet in the Chromonic Lyotropic Mesophases of 7,7′-Disodiumchromoglycate. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 225:1, pages 293-301.
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N.V. Usoltseva & V.V. Bykova. (1992) The Molecular and Supramolecular Structure of Metalloorganic Lyotropic Mesogens. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 215:1, pages 89-100.
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Stefania Bonazzi, Monica Miranda De Morais, Anna Garbesi, Giovanni Gottarelli, Paolo Mariani & Gian Piero Spada. (1991) Chromonic lyomesophases formed by the self-assembly of the cyclic dinucleotide d(cGpGp). Liquid Crystals 10:4, pages 495-506.
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D. Perahia, E.J. Wachtel & Z. Luz. (1991) NMR and X-ray studies of the chromonic lyomesophases formed by some xanthone derivatives. Liquid Crystals 9:4, pages 479-492.
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V.I. Salyanov, A.T. Dembo & Yu.M. Yevdokimov. (1991) Liquid-crystalline phases of circular superhelical plasmid DNA and their modification by the action of nuclease enzymes. Liquid Crystals 9:2, pages 229-238.
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T.K. Attwood, J.E. Lydon, C. Hall & G.J. T. Tiddy. (1990) The distinction between chromonic and amphiphilic lyotropic mesophases. Liquid Crystals 7:5, pages 657-668.
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M. Kobayashi, H. Matsumoto, T. Hoshi, I. Ono & J. Okubo. (1990) Metachromasy Bands of Disk-Like Guests in the Host Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Disodium Chromoglycate-Water. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Incorporating Nonlinear Optics 180:2, pages 253-263.
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J.W. Brown, D.J. Byron, D.J. Harwood, R.C. Wilson & A.R. Tajbakhsh. (1989) Some Three-Ring Esters Containing aFive-Membered Heteroaromatic Ring. A Comparison of Liquid Crystal Properties. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Incorporating Nonlinear Optics 173:1, pages 121-140.
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G.P. Spada, A. Carcuro, F.P. Colonna, A. Garbesi & G. Gottarelli. (1988) Lyomesophases formed by the dinucleoside phosphate d(GpG). Liquid Crystals 3:5, pages 651-654.
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B. Sheldrick. (1988) Angular Relationships in the Stacking of Triphenylene Derivatives and Similar Compounds. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Letters 6:1, pages 9-13.
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Jane E. Turner & John E. Lydon. (1988) Chromonic Mesomorphism: The Range of Lyotropic Discotic Phases. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Letters 5:3, pages 93-99.
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D. Perahia, Z. Luz, E.J. Wachtel & H. Zimmermann. (1987) N.M.R. and X-ray diffraction of the 7,7'-disodiumcromoglycate-water lyomesophases. Liquid Crystals 2:4, pages 473-489.
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DavidE. Sadler, MervynD. Shannon, Patrick Tollin, DouglasW. Young, Michael Edmondson & Paul Rainsford. (1986) Lyotropic liquid-crystalline mesophases and a novel, solid physical form of some water-soluble, reactive dyes. Liquid Crystals 1:6, pages 509-520.
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