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Original Articles

Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces

Pages 355-379 | Published online: 09 Sep 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (98)

Liangyong Chen, Yufeng Zhou, Sai Zhang & Mo Xiao. (2024) How anxiety relates to blood donation intention of non-donors: the roles of moral disengagement and mindfulness. The Journal of Social Psychology 164:1, pages 43-58.
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Nilgun Turkileri, David T. Field, Judi A. Ellis & Michiko Sakaki. (2021) Emotional arousal enhances the impact of long-term memory in attention. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 33:2, pages 119-132.
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Mei-Ching Lien, Robert W. Proctor & Jessica Hinkson. (2020) Emotion-induced attentional bias: does it modulate the spatial Simon effect?. Cognition and Emotion 34:8, pages 1591-1607.
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Xiaobin Zhang, Qiong Li, Shan Sun & Bin Zuo. (2019) Facial expressions can inhibit the activation of gender stereotypes. Cognition and Emotion 33:7, pages 1424-1435.
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Yanmei Wang, Ruiqi Xiao, Cheng Luo & Libing Yang. (2019) Attentional disengagement from negative natural sounds for high-anxious individuals. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 32:3, pages 298-311.
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Bruce A. Fernie, Marcantonio M. Spada & Richard G. Brown. (2019) Impact of a brief auditory attention training on a modified colour-word Stroop task in a high anxiety and worry sample. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 31:3, pages 303-316.
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Jinmeng Liu, Yahuan Shi, Lydia Whitaker, Yu Tian & Zhonghua Hu. (2019) Facial expressions modulate the gaze orienting effect on sound localization judgement. Visual Cognition 27:2, pages 109-119.
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Swantje Puls & Klaus Rothermund. (2018) Attending to emotional expressions: no evidence for automatic capture in the dot-probe task. Cognition and Emotion 32:3, pages 450-463.
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Melita J. Giummarra, Govinda Poudel, P. Amanda Niu, Michael E. R. Nicholls, Joanne Fielding, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia & Izelle Labuschagne. (2018) Emotion processing in persons who respond vicariously towards others in pain: Disinhibited left-lateralized neural activity for threatening expressions. Laterality 23:2, pages 184-208.
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Michelle Y.w. Jiang & Lenny R. Vartanian. (2018) A review of existing measures of attentional biases in body image and eating disorders research. Australian Journal of Psychology 70:1, pages 3-17.
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Laura Sagliano, Luigi Trojano, Valentina Di Mauro, Paola Carnevale, Marina Di Domenico, Caterina Cozzolino & Francesca D'Olimpio. (2018) Attentional biases for threat after fear-related autobiographical recall. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 31:1, pages 69-78.
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Klaus Rothermund & Sander L. Koole. (2018) Three decades of Cognition & Emotion: A brief review of past highlights and future prospects. Cognition and Emotion 32:1, pages 1-12.
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Baptiste Subra, Dominique Muller, Lisa Fourgassie, Alan Chauvin & Theodore Alexopoulos. (2018) Of guns and snakes: testing a modern threat superiority effect. Cognition and Emotion 32:1, pages 81-91.
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Suzanne Oosterwijk, Andries R. van der Leij & Mark Rotteveel. (2017) Associating LIPS and SWOLLEN: delayed attentional disengagement following words in sex contexts. Cognition and Emotion 31:6, pages 1197-1210.
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Sarah J. Kertz, Kimberly T. Stevens & Keith P. Klein. (2017) The association between attention control, anxiety, and depression: the indirect effects of repetitive negative thinking and mood recovery. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 30:4, pages 456-468.
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Motonori Yamaguchi & Sarah L. Harwood. (2017) Threat captures attention but does not affect learning of contextual regularities. Cognition and Emotion 31:3, pages 564-571.
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Mia Nuñez, Josh Gregory & Richard E. Zinbarg. (2017) Anxiety and retrieval inhibition: support for an enhanced inhibition account. Cognition and Emotion 31:2, pages 349-359.
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Elisabetta Ambron, Raffaella I. Rumiati & Francesco Foroni. (2016) Do emotions or gender drive our actions? A study of motor distractibility. Cognitive Neuroscience 7:1-4, pages 160-169.
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Lies Notebaert, Patrick J.f. Clarke & Colin Macleod. (2016) Does attentional bias to threat ameliorate or exacerbate the detrimental effect of trait anxiety on behavioural preparedness for real‐world danger?. Australian Journal of Psychology 68:3, pages 166-177.
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Bobby Azarian, Elizabeth G. Esser & Matthew S. Peterson. (2016) Watch out! Directional threat-related postures cue attention and the eyes. Cognition and Emotion 30:3, pages 561-569.
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J. Anthony Richey, Bradley A. White, Andrew Valdespino, Merage Ghane & Norman B. Schmidt. (2016) Attentional control mediates fearful responding to an ecologically valid stressor. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 29:1, pages 60-79.
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Joyce M. G. Vromen, Ottmar V. Lipp & Roger W. Remington. (2015) The spider does not always win the fight for attention: Disengagement from threat is modulated by goal set. Cognition and Emotion 29:7, pages 1185-1196.
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Andrea L. Nelson, Christine Purdon, Leanne Quigley, Jonathan Carriere & Daniel Smilek. (2015) Distinguishing the roles of trait and state anxiety on the nature of anxiety-related attentional biases to threat using a free viewing eye movement paradigm. Cognition and Emotion 29:3, pages 504-526.
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Elizabeth Reichert, Caroline Segal & Ellen Flannery-Schroeder. (2015) Trauma, Attentional Biases, and Revictimization Among Young Adults. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 16:2, pages 181-196.
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Chiao-Yun Chen, Neil G. Muggleton & Chi-Hung Juan. (2015) Attentional biases to emotion in impulsive and instrumental violent offenders: an event-related potential study. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 26:2, pages 202-223.
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Manon Mulckhuyse & Geert Crombez. (2014) Disentangling attention from action in the emotional spatial cueing task. Cognition and Emotion 28:7, pages 1223-1241.
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Federica Sassi, Guillermo Campoy, Alejandro Castillo, Alberto Inuggi & Luis J. Fuentes. (2014) Task difficulty and response complexity modulate affective priming by emotional facial expressions. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 67:5, pages 861-871.
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Daniel Rudaizky, Julian Basanovic & Colin MacLeod. (2014) Biased attentional engagement with, and disengagement from, negative information: Independent cognitive pathways to anxiety vulnerability?. Cognition and Emotion 28:2, pages 245-259.
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Melissa M. Burgess, Cindy M. Cabeleira, Isabel Cabrera, Romola S. Bucks & Colin MacLeod. (2014) Examining attentional biases underlying trait anxiety in younger and older adults. Cognition and Emotion 28:1, pages 84-97.
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Lan-Ya Chuang, Chung-Ju Huang, I-Fu Lung & Tsung-Min Hung. (2013) Attentional bias related issues and applications in sport context. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 11:2, pages 243-262.
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Francesco Ceccarini & Corrado Caudek. (2013) Anger superiority effect: The importance of dynamic emotional facial expressions. Visual Cognition 21:4, pages 498-540.
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PaulA. Dennis & AmyG. Halberstadt. (2013) Is believing seeing? The role of emotion-related beliefs in selective attention to affective cues. Cognition and Emotion 27:1, pages 3-20.
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AndrewL. Skinner & ChristopherP. Benton. (2012) Visual search for expressions and anti-expressions. Visual Cognition 20:10, pages 1186-1214.
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Leanne Quigley, AndreaL. Nelson, Jonathan Carriere, Daniel Smilek & Christine Purdon. (2012) The effects of trait and state anxiety on attention to emotional images: An eye-tracking study. Cognition and Emotion 26:8, pages 1390-1411.
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LisaS. Elwood, Kate Wolitzky-Taylor & BunmiO. Olatunji. (2012) Measurement of anxious traits: a contemporary review and synthesis. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 25:6, pages 647-666.
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Loren Mowszowski, Skye McDonald, Danielle Wang & Cristina Bornhofen. (2012) Preferential processing of threatening facial expressions using the repetition blindness paradigm. Cognition and Emotion 26:7, pages 1238-1255.
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Daniel Barratt & Claus Bundesen. (2012) Attentional capture by emotional faces is contingent on attentional control settings. Cognition and Emotion 26:7, pages 1223-1237.
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StevenG. Young, ChristinaM. Brown & Nalini Ambady. (2012) Priming a natural or human-made environment directs attention to context-congruent threatening stimuli. Cognition and Emotion 26:5, pages 927-933.
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NigelT. M. Chen, PatrickJ. F. Clarke, Colin MacLeod & AdamJ. Guastella. (2012) Biased Attentional Processing of Positive Stimuli in Social Anxiety Disorder: An Eye Movement Study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 41:2, pages 96-107.
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Ben Grafton, Ed Watkins & Colin MacLeod. (2012) The ups and downs of cognitive bias: Dissociating the attentional characteristics of positive and negative affectivity. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 24:1, pages 33-53.
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ManuelG. Calvo, Aida Gutiérrez & Andrés Fernández-Martín. (2012) Anxiety and deficient inhibition of threat distractors: Spatial attention span and time course. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 24:1, pages 66-78.
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CaseyA. Schofield, AshleyL. Johnson, AlbrechtW. Inhoff & MeredithE. Coles. (2012) Social anxiety and difficulty disengaging threat: Evidence from eye-tracking. Cognition and Emotion 26:2, pages 300-311.
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StefanG. Hofmann, KristenK. Ellard & GregJ. Siegle. (2012) Neurobiological correlates of cognitions in fear and anxiety: A cognitive–neurobiological information-processing model. Cognition and Emotion 26:2, pages 282-299.
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Jun Moriya & Yoshihiko Tanno. (2011) Exogenous attention to angry faces in social anxiety: A perceptual accuracy approach. Cognition and Emotion 25:7, pages 1165-1175.
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DerrickG. Watson, Elisabeth Blagrove & Sally Selwood. (2011) Emotional triangles: A test of emotion-based attentional capture by simple geometric shapes. Cognition and Emotion 25:7, pages 1149-1164.
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MyraA. Fernandes, Shahnaz Koji, MichaelJ. Dixon & JenniferM. Aquino. (2011) Changing the focus of attention: The interacting effect of valence and arousal. Visual Cognition 19:9, pages 1191-1211.
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Kathleen Shaw, Mei-Ching Lien, Eric Ruthruff & PhilipA. Allen. (2011) Electrophysiological evidence of emotion perception without central attention. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 23:6, pages 695-708.
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Sascha Frühholz, SinaA. Trautmann-Lengsfeld & Manfred Herrmann. (2011) Contextual interference processing during fast categorisations of facial expressions. Cognition and Emotion 25:6, pages 1045-1073.
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StijnA. A. Massar, NisanM. Mol, J. Leon Kenemans & JohannaM. P. Baas. (2011) Attentional bias in high- and low-anxious individuals: Evidence for threat-induced effects on engagement and disengagement. Cognition and Emotion 25:5, pages 805-817.
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Julie Bertels, Régine Kolinsky, Aurélie Bernaerts & José Morais. (2011) Effects of emotional spoken words on exogenous attentional orienting. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 23:4, pages 435-452.
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Tracy Gilbert, Rachael Martin & Mark Coulson. (2011) Attentional biases using the body in the crowd task: Are angry body postures detected more rapidly?. Cognition and Emotion 25:4, pages 700-708.
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Jun Jiang, Ashley J. Scolaro, Kira Bailey & Antao Chen. (2011) The effect of music-induced mood on attentional networks. International Journal of Psychology 46:3, pages 214-222.
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Sara Markese. (2011) Dyadic Trauma in Infancy and Early Childhood: Review of the Literature. Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy 10:2-3, pages 341-378.
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Klaus Rothermund, Anne Gast & Dirk Wentura. (2011) Incongruency effects in affective processing: Automatic motivational counter-regulation or mismatch-induced salience?. Cognition and Emotion 25:3, pages 413-425.
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Hadas Okon-Singer, Uri Alyagon, Ora Kofman, Joseph Tzelgov & Avishai Henik. (2011) Fear-related pictures deteriorate the performance of university students with high fear of snakes or spiders. Stress 14:2, pages 185-193.
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Giuseppe di Pellegrino, Silvia Magarelli & Flavia Mengarelli. (2011) Food pleasantness affects visual selective attention. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 64:3, pages 560-571.
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Shruti Baijal & Narayanan Srinivasan. (2011) Emotional and hemispheric asymmetries in shifts of attention: An ERP study. Cognition and Emotion 25:2, pages 280-294.
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ArtemV. Belopolsky, Christel Devue & Jan Theeuwes. (2011) Angry faces hold the eyes. Visual Cognition 19:1, pages 27-36.
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AndrewP. Bayliss, Stefanie Schuch & StevenP. Tipper. (2010) Gaze cueing elicited by emotional faces is influenced by affective context. Visual Cognition 18:8, pages 1214-1232.
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Saskia Baert, Rudi De Raedt & ErnstH. W. Koster. (2010) Depression-related attentional bias: The influence of symptom severity and symptom specificity. Cognition and Emotion 24:6, pages 1044-1052.
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Gernot Horstmann, StefanieI. Becker, Steffi Bergmann & Ludger Burghaus. (2010) A reversal of the search asymmetry favouring negative schematic faces. Visual Cognition 18:7, pages 981-1016.
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Tobias Brosch, Gilles Pourtois & David Sander. (2010) The perception and categorisation of emotional stimuli: A review. Cognition and Emotion 24:3, pages 377-400.
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HelenaJ. V. Rutherford & JaneE. Raymond. (2010) Effects of spatial cues on locating emotional targets. Visual Cognition 18:3, pages 389-412.
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Reiko Graham, Chris Kelland Friesen, HarlanM. Fichtenholtz & KevinS. LaBar. (2010) Modulation of reflexive orienting to gaze direction by facial expressions. Visual Cognition 18:3, pages 331-368.
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TahlI. Frenkel, Dominique Lamy, Daniel Algom & Yair Bar-Haim. (2009) Individual differences in perceptual sensitivity and response bias in anxiety: Evidence from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion 23:4, pages 688-700.
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Christopher M. Janelle, Heather A. Hausenblas, Rebecca Ellis, Stephen A. Coombes & Aaron R. Duley. (2009) The time course of attentional allocation while women high and low in body dissatisfaction view self and model physiques. Psychology & Health 24:3, pages 351-366.
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TracyA. Dennis, MelvilleM. Malone & Chao-Cheng Chen. (2009) Emotional Face Processing and Emotion Regulation in Children: An ERP Study. Developmental Neuropsychology 34:1, pages 85-102.
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Árpád Csathó, Frederick Tey & Greg Davis. (2008) Threat perception and targeting: The brainstem–amygdala–cortex alarm system in action?. Cognitive Neuropsychology 25:7-8, pages 1039-1064.
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Anders Flykt & Anna Bjärtå. (2008) The time course of resource allocation in spider-fearful participants during fear reactions. Cognition and Emotion 22:7, pages 1381-1400.
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Isabelle Blanchette, Anne Richards & Adele Cross. (2007) Anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguous facial expressions: The influence of contextual cues. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60:8, pages 1101-1115.
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Anders Flykt & Roberto Caldara. (2006) Tracking fear in snake and spider fearful participants during visual search: A multi-response domain study. Cognition and Emotion 20:8, pages 1075-1091.
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Deborah Arguedas , Melissa J. Green , Robyn Langdon & Max Coltheart. (2006) Selective attention to threatening faces in delusion‐prone individuals. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 11:6, pages 557-575.
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ManuelG. Calvo, Pedro Avero & Daniel Lundqvist. (2006) Facilitated detection of angry faces: Initial orienting and processing efficiency. Cognition and Emotion 20:6, pages 785-811.
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Amy Wenzel, IanR. Sharp, Leslie Sokol & AaronT. Beck. (2006) Attentional Fixation in Panic Disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 35:2, pages 65-73.
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Anna Stone & Tim Valentine. (2005) Orientation of attention to nonconsciously recognised famous faces. Cognition and Emotion 19:4, pages 537-558.
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Achim Schützwohl & Kirsten Borgstedt. (2005) The processing of affectively valenced stimuli: The role of surprise. Cognition and Emotion 19:4, pages 583-600.
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Christine R. Harris, Harold E. Pashler & Pashler Coburn. (2004) Moray revisited: High-priority affective stimuli and visual search . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 57:1, pages 1-31.
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Erinda Morina, Daniel A. Harris, Sarah A. Hayes-Skelton & Vivian M. Ciaramitaro. Altered mechanisms of adaptation in social anxiety: differences in adapting to positive versus negative emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion 0:0, pages 1-21.
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