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Original Articles

Preattentive analysis of facial expressions of emotion

Pages 439-460 | Received 07 Jan 1994, Published online: 07 Jan 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (18)

Francesco Ceccarini & Corrado Caudek. (2013) Anger superiority effect: The importance of dynamic emotional facial expressions. Visual Cognition 21:4, pages 498-540.
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Daniel Barratt & Claus Bundesen. (2012) Attentional capture by emotional faces is contingent on attentional control settings. Cognition and Emotion 26:7, pages 1223-1237.
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DerrickG. Watson, Elisabeth Blagrove & Sally Selwood. (2011) Emotional triangles: A test of emotion-based attentional capture by simple geometric shapes. Cognition and Emotion 25:7, pages 1149-1164.
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Vasiliki Orgeta. (2011) Avoiding Threat in Late Adulthood: Testing Two Life Span Theories of Emotion. Experimental Aging Research 37:4, pages 449-472.
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NatalieC. Ebner & MarciaK. Johnson. (2010) Age-group differences in interference from young and older emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion 24:7, pages 1095-1116.
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Gernot Horstmann, StefanieI. Becker, Steffi Bergmann & Ludger Burghaus. (2010) A reversal of the search asymmetry favouring negative schematic faces. Visual Cognition 18:7, pages 981-1016.
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KristenM. Krysko & M. D. Rutherford. (2009) The face in the crowd effect: Threat-detection advantage with perceptually intermediate distractors. Visual Cognition 17:8, pages 1205-1217.
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Jason Tipples. (2007) Wide eyes and an open mouth enhance facial threat. Cognition and Emotion 21:3, pages 535-557.
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ManuelG. Calvo, Pedro Avero & Daniel Lundqvist. (2006) Facilitated detection of angry faces: Initial orienting and processing efficiency. Cognition and Emotion 20:6, pages 785-811.
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Isabelle Blanchette. (2006) Snakes, spiders, guns, and syringes: How specific are evolutionary constraints on the detection of threatening stimuli?. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 59:8, pages 1484-1504.
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Nathan Ridout, Arlene Astell, Ian Reid, Tom Glen & Ronan O'Carroll. (2003) Memory bias for emotional facial expressions in major depression. Cognition and Emotion 17:1, pages 101-122.
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Elaine Fox, Victoria Lester, Riccardo Russo, R.J. Bowles, Alessio Pichler & Kevin Dutton. (2000) Facial Expressions of Emotion: Are Angry Faces Detected More Efficiently?. Cognition and Emotion 14:1, pages 61-92.
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Karin Mogg & Brendan P. Bradley. (1999) Orienting of Attention to Threatening Facial Expressions Presented under Conditions of Restricted Awareness. Cognition and Emotion 13:6, pages 713-740.
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Daniel Lundqvist, Francisco Esteves & Arne Ohman. (1999) The Face of Wrath: Critical Features for Conveying Facial Threat. Cognition and Emotion 13:6, pages 691-711.
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Georg Stenberg, Susanne Wiking & Mats Dahl. (1998) Judging Words at Face Value: Interference in a Word Processing Task Reveals Automatic Processing of Affective Facial Expressions. Cognition and Emotion 12:6, pages 755-782.
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Articles from other publishers (53)

Hye-Jin Jeon. (2024) Is Emotional Commitment Through Inner Imitation Stronger When Emojis are Emphasized Separately Rather Than Inserted in Sentences?. Sage Open 14:1.
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Tara L. Kraft-Feil, Rick E. Ingram, Claire Gorey, Jazlyn H. Luu, Marie P. Cross & Sarah D. Pressman. (2023) The association of negative mood with automatic and effortful facial expression mimicry. Frontiers in Psychology 14.
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Reiko Sawada, Wataru Sato, Ryoichi Nakashima & Takatsune Kumada. (2022) How are emotional facial expressions detected rapidly and accurately? A diffusion model analysis. Cognition 229, pages 105235.
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Chun-Tuan Chang, Hsiao-Ching Lee & Yu-Kang Lee. (2022) Are Consumers Moved by a Crying Tree Or a Smiling Forest?. Journal of Advertising Research, pages 2022-024.
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Thomas Suslow, Vivien Günther, Tilman Hensch, Anette Kersting & Charlott Maria Bodenschatz. (2021) Alexithymia Is Associated With Deficits in Visual Search for Emotional Faces in Clinical Depression. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12.
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Matthew J. Kennett & Guy Wallis. (2019) The face-in-the-crowd effect: Threat detection versus iso-feature suppression and collinear facilitation. Journal of Vision 19:7, pages 6.
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D. Vaughn Becker, Hansol Rheem, Cari M. Pick, Ahra Ko & Stacie R. Lafko. 2019. Emotion and Cognition. Emotion and Cognition 89 110 .
Fumiyo Takahashi & Yasuhiro Kawabata. (2017) The association between colors and emotions for emotional words and facial expressions. Color Research & Application 43:2, pages 247-257.
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Yingjie Li, Dan Cao, Ling Wei, Yingying Tang & Jijun Wang. (2015) Abnormal functional connectivity of EEG gamma band in patients with depression during emotional face processing. Clinical Neurophysiology 126:11, pages 2078-2089.
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Montserrat Comesaña, Ana Paula Soares, Manuel Perea, Ana P. Piñeiro, Isabel Fraga & Ana Pinheiro. (2013) ERP correlates of masked affective priming with emoticons. Computers in Human Behavior 29:3, pages 588-595.
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Elisa Scheller, Christian Büchel & Matthias Gamer. (2012) Diagnostic Features of Emotional Expressions Are Processed Preferentially. PLoS ONE 7:7, pages e41792.
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Andrea T. Shafer, Dmitriy Matveychuk, Todd Penney, Aminda J. O'Hare, Jared Stokes & Florin Dolcos. (2012) Processing of Emotional Distraction Is Both Automatic and Modulated by Attention: Evidence from an Event-related fMRI Investigation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24:5, pages 1233-1252.
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Yingying Tang, Yingjie Li, Ning Wang, Hui Li, Huijun Li & Jijun Wang. (2011) The altered cortical connectivity during spatial search for facial expressions in major depressive disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 35:8, pages 1891-1900.
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Daniela B. Fenker, Dorothee Heipertz, Carsten N. Boehler, Mircea A. Schoenfeld, Tömme Noesselt, Hans-Jochen Heinze, Emrah Duezel & Jens-Max Hopf. (2010) Mandatory Processing of Irrelevant Fearful Face Features in Visual Search. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22:12, pages 2926-2938.
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Yingying Tang, Yingjie Li, Jijun Wang & Yisheng Zhu. (2009) Different time courses of event-related potentials in spatial search for emotionally loaded faces. International Journal of Psychophysiology 74:3, pages 183-191.
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Ottmar V. Lipp, Sarah M. Price & Cassandra L. Tellegen. (2009) Emotional faces in neutral crowds: Detecting displays of anger, happiness, and sadness on schematic and photographic images of faces. Motivation and Emotion 33:3, pages 249-260.
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Christine L. Larson, Joel Aronoff, Issidoros C. Sarinopoulos & David C. Zhu. (2009) Recognizing Threat: A Simple Geometric Shape Activates Neural Circuitry for Threat Detection. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21:8, pages 1523-1535.
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Dirk Wentura, Andreas Voss & Klaus Rothermund. (2009) Playing TETRIS for science counter-regulatory affective processing in a motivationally “hot” context. Acta Psychologica 131:3, pages 171-177.
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Kristen M. Krysko & M.D. Rutherford. (2009) A threat-detection advantage in those with autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Cognition 69:3, pages 472-480.
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Joseph P. Forgas & Rebekah East. (2008) How Real is that Smile? Mood Effects on Accepting or Rejecting the Veracity of Emotional Facial Expressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 32:3, pages 157-170.
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Mark A. Williams, Francis McGlone, David F. Abbott & Jason B. Mattingley. (2008) Stimulus‐driven and strategic neural responses to fearful and happy facial expressions in humans. European Journal of Neuroscience 27:11, pages 3074-3082.
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Manuel G. Calvo, Lauri Nummenmaa & Pedro Avero. (2008) Visual Search of Emotional Faces. Experimental Psychology 55:6, pages 359-370.
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Agnieszka M. Fecica & Jennifer A. Stolz. (2008) Facial Affect and Temporal Order Judgments. Experimental Psychology 55:1, pages 3-8.
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Alan J. Pegna, Anne-Sarah Caldara-Schnetzer & Asaid Khateb. (2008) Visual search for facial expressions of emotion is less affected in simultanagnosia. Cortex 44:1, pages 46-53.
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Patricia Ohrmann, Astrid Veronika Rauch, Jochen Bauer, Harald Kugel, Volker Arolt, Walter Heindel & Thomas Suslow. (2007) Threat sensitivity as assessed by automatic amygdala response to fearful faces predicts speed of visual search for facial expression. Experimental Brain Research 183:1, pages 51-59.
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Egemen SAVASKAN, Sandra Elisabeth MÜLLER, Andreas BÖHRINGER, Christine PHILIPPSEN, Franz MÜLLER‐SPAHN & Hartmut SCHÄCHINGER. (2007) Age determines memory for face identity and expression. Psychogeriatrics 7:2, pages 49-57.
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Gernot Horstmann, Ingrid Scharlau & Ulrich Ansorge. (2006) More efficient rejection of happy than of angry face distractors in visual search. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 13:6, pages 1067-1073.
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Ruthger Righart & Beatrice de Gelder. (2006) Context Influences Early Perceptual Analysis of Faces—An Electrophysiological Study. Cerebral Cortex 16:9, pages 1249-1257.
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Robbie M. Cooper & Stephen R.H. Langton. (2006) Attentional bias to angry faces using the dot-probe task? It depends when you look for it. Behaviour Research and Therapy 44:9, pages 1321-1329.
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Chris Ashwin, Sally Wheelwright & Simon Baron-Cohen. (2006) Finding a face in the crowd: Testing the anger superiority effect in Asperger Syndrome. Brain and Cognition 61:1, pages 78-95.
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Gernot Horstmann & Andrea Bauland. (2006) Search asymmetries with real faces: Testing the anger-superiority effect.. Emotion 6:2, pages 193-207.
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Gernot Horstmann, Kirsten Borgstedt & Manfred Heumann. (2006) Flanker effects with faces may depend on perceptual as well as emotional differences.. Emotion 6:1, pages 28-39.
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STANISLAVA PETKOVA KARPAROVA, ANETTE KERSTING & THOMAS SUSLOW. (2005) Disengagement of attention from facial emotion in unipolar depression. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 59:6, pages 723-729.
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John D. Eastwood & Daniel Smilek. (2005) Functional consequences of perceiving facial expressions of emotion without awareness. Consciousness and Cognition 14:3, pages 565-584.
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Michio Nomura, Makoto Miyakoshi, Noriaki Kanayama & Hideki Ohira. (2005) . Journal of Human Environmental Studies 3:1, pages 1-5.
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Fang Hao, Hang Zhang & Xiaolan Fu. 2005. Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction 127 134 .
Jukka M. Lepp�nen & Jari K. Hietanen. (2003) Positive facial expressions are recognized faster than negative facial expressions, but why?. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung 69:1-2, pages 22-29.
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Thomas Suslow, Udo Dannlowski, Judith Lalee-Mentzel, Uta-Susan Donges, Volker Arolt & Anette Kersting. (2004) Spatial processing of facial emotion in patients with unipolar depression: a longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders 83:1, pages 59-63.
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Tokihiro Ogawa & Naoto Suzuki. (2004) On the saliency of negative stimuli: Evidence from attentional blink 1 . Japanese Psychological Research 46:1, pages 20-30.
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Thomas Suslow, Cornelia Roestel, Patricia Ohrmann & Volker Arolt. (2003) Detection of facial expressions of emotions in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 64:2-3, pages 137-145.
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Marte Fallshore & Jeanice Bartholow. (2016) Recognition of Emotion from Inverted Schematic Drawings of Faces. Perceptual and Motor Skills 96:1, pages 236-244.
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Jari K. Hietanen & Jukka M. Leppänen. (2003) Does Facial Expression Affect Attention Orienting by Gaze Direction Cues?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 29:6, pages 1228-1243.
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Patrik Vuilleumier. (2002) Facial expression and selective attention. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 15:3, pages 291-300.
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Dirk Hermans, Debora Vansteenwegen, Geert Crombez, Frank Baeyens & Paul Eelen. (2002) Expectancy-learning and evaluative learning in human classical conditioning: affective priming as an indirect and unobtrusive measure of conditioned stimulus valence. Behaviour Research and Therapy 40:3, pages 217-234.
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Jason Tipples, Anthony P. Atkinson & Andrew W. Young. (2002) The eyebrow frown: A salient social signal.. Emotion 2:3, pages 288-296.
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John D. Eastwood, Daniel Smilek & Philip M. Merikle. (2001) Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion. Perception & Psychophysics 63:6, pages 1004-1013.
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Thomas Suslow, Klaus Junghanns & Volker Arolt. (2016) Detection of Facial Expressions of Emotions in Depression. Perceptual and Motor Skills 92:3, pages 857-868.
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Patrik VuilleumierSophie Schwartz. (2001) Emotional facial expressions capture attention. Neurology 56:2, pages 153-158.
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Arne Öhman, Daniel Lundqvist & Francisco Esteves. (2001) The face in the crowd revisited: A threat advantage with schematic stimuli.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80:3, pages 381-396.
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Patrik Vuilleumier. (2000) Faces call for attention: evidence from patients with visual extinction. Neuropsychologia 38:5, pages 693-700.
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Karin Mogg & Brendan P. Bradley. (1998) A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36:9, pages 809-848.
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