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Original Article

The second to fourth digit ratio and asymmetry

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Pages 480-492 | Received 08 Oct 2005, Accepted 13 Apr 2006, Published online: 09 Jul 2009

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Berna ERTUĞRUL ÖZENER & Muhammet Fatih AYDIK. (2023) Hand Grip Strength as a Marker of Physical Fitness and Its Association to Body Symmetry in Young Adults: An Anthropological ApproachGenç Yetişkinlerde Fiziksel Uygunluğun Bir Göstergesi Olan El Kavrama Kuvvetinin Bedensel Simetri ile İlişkisi: Antropolojik Bir Yaklaşım. Current Research in Social Sciences 9:1, pages 58-68.
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Berna Ertuğrul & Muhammet Fatih Aydık. (2023) No association between developmental instability as a general measure of stress and 2D : 4D digit ratios in a non‐western sample . American Journal of Human Biology 35:5.
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Annalisa Cappella, Riccardo Solazzo, Joshua Yang, Noha Mohamed Hassan, Claudia Dolci, Daniele Gibelli, Gianluca Tartaglia & Chiarella Sforza. (2023) Facial Asymmetry of Italian Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Three-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetric Reference Values. Symmetry 15:4, pages 792.
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A. Kasielska-Trojan, J. T. Manning, M. Jabłkowski, J. Białkowska-Warzecha, A. L. Hirschberg & B. Antoszewski. (2022) Digit ratios and their asymmetries as risk factors of developmental instability and hospitalization for COVID-19. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Mikołaj Kaczmarski, Jan M. Kaczmarek, Łukasz Jankowiak, Krzysztof Kolenda & Piotr Tryjanowski. (2021) Digit ratio in the common toad Bufo bufo: the effects of reduced fingers and of age dependency. Zoological Letters 7:1.
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Richard L. Jantz. (2021) Finger ridge‐counts correlate with the second to fourth digit ratio (2d:4d). American Journal of Human Biology.
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Luisa Ernsten, Lisa M. Körner, Martin Heil, Gareth Richards & Nora K. Schaal. (2021) Investigating the reliability and sex differences of digit lengths, ratios, and hand measures in infants. Scientific Reports 11:1.
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. 2021. On naît hétéro ou homosexuel. On naît hétéro ou homosexuel 325 357 .
Guy Sion, Rahav Tal & Shai Meiri. (2020) Asymmetric Behavior in Ptyodactylus guttatus: Can a Digit Ratio Reflect Brain Laterality?. Symmetry 12:9, pages 1490.
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Paulina Pruszkowska-Przybylska, Aneta Sitek, Iwona Rosset, Marta Sobalska-Kwapis, Marcin Słomka, Dominik Strapagiel & Elżbieta Żądzińska. (2018) Association of the 2D:4D digit ratio with body composition among the Polish children aged 6–13 years. Early Human Development 124, pages 26-32.
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Alexandra Ibrová, Ján Dupej, Petra Stránská, Petr Velemínský, Lumír Poláček & Jana Velemínská. (2017) Facial skeleton asymmetry and its relationship to mastication in the Early Medieval period (Great Moravian Empire, Mikulčice, 9th–10th century). Archives of Oral Biology 84, pages 64-73.
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Colton B. Christian & Azim F. Shariff. (2017) Asymmetry and empathy: Higher asymmetry is associated with lower levels of mentalizing. Early Human Development 111, pages 6-15.
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Sylvia Kirchengast & Kerrin Christiansen. (2017) Androgen Levels and Body Size Are Associated with Directional as Well as Fluctuating Asymmetry Patterns in Adult !Kung San and Kavango Males from Northern Namibia. Symmetry 9:5, pages 72.
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Brian Palestis & Robert Trivers. (2016) A Longitudinal Study of Changes in Fluctuating Asymmetry with Age in Jamaican Youth. Symmetry 8:11, pages 123.
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Mikołaj Kaczmarski, Anna Maria Kubicka, Piotr Tryjanowski & Martin Hromada. (2015) Females Have Larger Ratio of Second-to-Fourth Digits Than Males in Four Species of Salamandridae, Caudata. The Anatomical Record 298:8, pages 1424-1430.
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Anna Kasielska-Trojan & Bogusław Antoszewski. (2015) Can digit ratio (2D:4D) studies be helpful in explaining the aetiology of idiopathic gynecomastia?. Early Human Development 91:1, pages 57-61.
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Jacques Balthazart & Larry J. Young. 2015. Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction. Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction 2157 2210 .
Bernhard Fink, Bettina Weege, John T. Manning & Robert Trivers. (2014) Body symmetry and physical strength in human males. American Journal of Human Biology 26:5, pages 697-700.
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Jacques Balthazart. (2012) Brain Development and Sexual Orientation. Colloquium Series on The Developing Brain 3:2, pages 1-134.
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Philip M. Rosoff. (2012) The myth of genetic enhancement. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 33:3, pages 163-178.
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Camilla M. Gomes & Tiana Kohlsdorf. (2011) Evolution of Sexual Dimorphism in the Digit Ratio 2D:4D - Relationships with Body Size and Microhabitat Use in Iguanian Lizards. PLoS ONE 6:12, pages e28465.
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Johannes Hönekopp & Steven Watson. (2010) Meta‐analysis of digit ratio 2D:4D shows greater sex difference in the right hand. American Journal of Human Biology 22:5, pages 619-630.
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Zeynep Benderlioglu. (2010) Fluctuating Asymmetry and Steroid Hormones: A Review. Symmetry 2:2, pages 541-553.
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Martin Voracek & Lisa Mariella Loibl. (2016) Scientometric Analysis and Bibliography of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Research, 1998–2008. Psychological Reports 104:3, pages 922-956.
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Stefan Van Dongen, Clara M.A. Ten Broek, Frietson Galis & Liliane C.D. Wijnaendts. (2009) No association between fluctuating asymmetry in highly stabilized traits and second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) in human fetuses. Early Human Development 85:6, pages 393-398.
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L. Gillam, R. McDonald, F. J. P. Ebling & T. M. Mayhew. (2008) Human 2D (index) and 4D (ring) finger lengths and ratios: cross-sectional data on linear growth patterns, sexual dimorphism and lateral asymmetry from 4 to 60 years of age. Journal of Anatomy 213:3, pages 325-335.
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John T. Manning & Bernhard Fink. (2008) Digit ratio (2D:4D), dominance, reproductive success, asymmetry, and sociosexuality in the BBC Internet Study. American Journal of Human Biology 20:4, pages 451-461.
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T. M. Mayhew, L. Gillam, R. McDonald & F. J. P. Ebling. (2007) Human 2D (index) and 4D (ring) digit lengths: their variation and relationships during the menstrual cycle. Journal of Anatomy 211:5, pages 630-638.
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B. Fink & O. Sövegjarto. (2007) Physische Attraktivität und zyklusabhängige PartnerpräferenzenPhysical attractiveness and cycle-dependent mate preferences. Der Gynäkologe 40:9, pages 729-736.
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