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Original Articles

Reactions to messages that hurt: The influence of relational contexts

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Pages 173-196 | Published online: 02 Jun 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (45)

Stacy L. Young, Kayla Fiori & Valerie C. Ortega. (2023) Personalizers’ Responses to Hurt: Do Intensity and Intentionality Mediate Relational Distancing?. Southern Communication Journal 88:2, pages 185-193.
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Elizabeth Dorrance Hall, Jingbo Meng & Reed M. Reynolds. (2020) Confidant Network and Interpersonal Communication Associations with Depression in Older Adulthood. Health Communication 35:7, pages 872-881.
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Kristina M. Scharp & Elizabeth Dorrance Hall. (2019) Reconsidering Family Closeness: A Review and Call for Research on Family Distancing. Journal of Family Communication 19:1, pages 1-14.
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Jie Zhuang & Mary Jiang Bresnahan. (2017) Does Shame Still Prevail in China and Guilt Prevail in the U.S.A?. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 46:2, pages 111-129.
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Kristina M. Scharp & Elizabeth Dorrance Hall. (2017) Family marginalization, alienation, and estrangement: questioning the nonvoluntary status of family relationships. Annals of the International Communication Association 41:1, pages 28-45.
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Kristina M. Scharp & Lindsey J. Thomas. (2016) Family “Bonds”: Making Meaning of Parent–Child Relationships in Estrangement Narratives. Journal of Family Communication 16:1, pages 32-50.
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Nancie Hudson. (2015) When Family Narratives Conflict: An Autoethnography of My Mother’s Secrets. Journal of Family Communication 15:2, pages 113-129.
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Colleen C. Malachowski & Brandi N. Frisby. (2015) The Aftermath of Hurtful Events: Cognitive, Communicative, and Relational Outcomes. Communication Quarterly 63:2, pages 187-203.
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Christine E. Rittenour & Jody Koenig Kellas. (2015) Making Sense of Hurtful Mother-in-law Messages: Applying Attribution Theory to the In-Law Triad. Communication Quarterly 63:1, pages 62-80.
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RachelM. McLaren & Denise Haunani Solomon. (2014) Contextualizing Experiences of Hurt Within Close Relationships. Communication Quarterly 62:3, pages 323-341.
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Colin Hesse, Emily A. Rauscher, James B. Roberts & Shannon R. Ortega. (2014) Investigating the Role of Hurtful Family Environment in the Relationship Between Affectionate Communication and Family Satisfaction. Journal of Family Communication 14:2, pages 112-128.
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Katie Neary Dunleavy & Kelley Dougherty. (2013) Marital Partners' Perceptions of Effective Message Repair. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication 14:1, pages 44-52.
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CarrieD. Kennedy-Lightsey & MeganR. Dillow. (2011) Initiating and Avoiding Communication with Mothers: Young Adult Children's Perceptions of Hurtfulness and Affirming Styles. Southern Communication Journal 76:5, pages 482-501.
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JenniferL. Bevan. (2011) The Consequence Model of Partner Jealousy Expression: Elaboration and Refinement. Western Journal of Communication 75:5, pages 523-540.
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RenéM. Dailey, Lynsey Kluever Romo & AndreaA. McCracken. (2010) Messages About Weight Management: An Examination of How Acceptance and Challenge Are Related to Message Effectiveness. Western Journal of Communication 74:5, pages 457-483.
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RachelM. McLaren & Denise Haunani Solomon. (2010) Appraisal and Distancing Responses to Hurtful Messages II: A Diary Study of Dating Partners and Friends. Communication Research Reports 27:3, pages 193-206.
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StacyL. Young. (2010) Positive Perceptions of Hurtful Communication: The Packaging Matters. Communication Research Reports 27:1, pages 49-57.
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Shuangyue Zhang & Laura Stafford. (2009) Relational Ramifications of Honest but Hurtful Evaluative Messages in Close Relationships. Western Journal of Communication 73:4, pages 481-501.
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Katie Neary Dunleavy, AlanK. Goodboy, Melanie Booth-Butterfield, RobertJ. Sidelinger & Sara Banfield. (2009) Repairing Hurtful Messages in Marital Relationships. Communication Quarterly 57:1, pages 67-84.
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Robert S. Tokunaga. (2008) But, Words Can Never Hurt Me If … : Cultural Relativity in Evaluating Appraisals, Attributions, and Consequences of Hurtful Messages. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 37:3, pages 169-188.
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ScottA. Myers, Maria Brann & ChristineE. Rittenour. (2008) Interpersonal Communication Motives as a Predictor of Early and Middle Adulthood Siblings' Use of Relational Maintenance Behaviors. Communication Research Reports 25:2, pages 155-167.
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Shuangyue Zhang & Laura Stafford. (2008) Perceived Face Threat of Honest but Hurtful Evaluative Messages in Romantic Relationships. Western Journal of Communication 72:1, pages 19-39.
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LauraK. Guerrero & Guy Foster Bachman. (2008) Communication Following Relational Transgressions in Dating Relationships: An Investment-Model Explanation. Southern Communication Journal 73:1, pages 4-23.
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AnitaL. Vangelisti, KathrynC. Maguire, AliciaL. Alexander & Gretchen Clark. (2007) Hurtful Family Environments: Links with Individual, Relationship, and Perceptual Variables. Communication Monographs 74:3, pages 357-385.
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Courtney Waite Miller & MichaelE. Roloff. (2007) The Effect of Face Loss on Willingness to Confront Hurtful Messages from Romantic Partners. Southern Communication Journal 72:3, pages 247-263.
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JenniferA. Samp, KimberlyA. Parker & Heather Duvall. (2006) Adolescents' Communicative Goals for Problematic Events: Defining Content and Examining the Influence of Identity Processing Orientations. Communication Studies 57:4, pages 455-475.
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RodneyA. Reynolds. (2006) Discouraging Messages. Communication Reports 19:1, pages 16-30.
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Guy Foster Bachman & LauraK. Guerrero. (2006) Forgiveness, Apology, and Communicative Responses to Hurtful Events. Communication Reports 19:1, pages 45-56.
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Courtney Waite Miller & Michael E. Roloff. (2005) Gender and Willingness to Confront Hurtful Messages from Romantic Partners. Communication Quarterly 53:3, pages 323-337.
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Guy Foster Bachman & AmyM. Bippus. (2005) Evaluations of Supportive Messages Provided by Friends and Romantic Partners: An Attachment Theory Approach. Communication Reports 18:1-2, pages 85-94.
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Jennifer A. Samp & Denise Haunani Solomon. (2005) Toward a Theoretical Account of Goal Characteristics in Micro-Level Message Features. Communication Monographs 72:1, pages 22-45.
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Stacy L. Young, Tara L. Kubicka, Caralyn E. Tucker, Desi Chavez-Appel & Jamie S. Rex. (2005) Communicative Responses to Hurtful Messages in Families. Journal of Family Communication 5:2, pages 123-140.
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StephenM. Yoshimura. (2004) Emotional and behavioral responses to romantic jealousy expressions. Communication Reports 17:2, pages 85-101.
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AmyM. Bippus. (2003) Humor motives, qualities, and reactions in recalled conflict episodes. Western Journal of Communication 67:4, pages 413-426.
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Paul Yelsma & Sherilyn Marrow. (2003) An Examination of Couples' Difficulties With Emotional Expressiveness and Their Marital Satisfaction. Journal of Family Communication 3:1, pages 41-62.
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AmyM. Bippus. (2000) Humor usage in comforting episodes: Factors predicting outcomes. Western Journal of Communication 64:4, pages 359-384.
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Articles from other publishers (43)

Michelle Jin Yee Neoh, Jia Hui Teng, Albert Lee, Peipei Setoh, Claudio Mulatti & Gianluca Esposito. (2022) Negative emotional reactions to criticism: Perceived criticism and source affects extent of hurt and relational distancing. PLOS ONE 17:8, pages e0271869.
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Jun Li, Yan Ge, Tao Yu & Weina Qu. (2022) Social exclusion and dangerous driving behavior: The mediating role of driving anger and moderating role of cognitive reappraisal. Current Psychology.
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Kiersten Dobson, James Kim & Emily A. Impett. (2021) Perceptual Accuracy for Sexual Rejection in Romantic Relationships. Archives of Sexual Behavior 51:1, pages 491-503.
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Fu-Yuan Hong, Kuang-Tsan Cheng & Thi Phuong Thao Tran. (2018) Study on the Relationship Among Perceived Emotionally Painful Events in Schools and Families, Self-esteem, and Health Problems of University Students in Taiwan. Journal of Adult Development 26:4, pages 295-303.
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Kelly McDonald, Ian R. Newby-Clark, Jennifer Walker & Kallee Henselwood. (2018) It is written all over your face: Socially rejected people display microexpressions that are detectable after training in the Micro Expression Training Tool (METT). European Journal of Social Psychology 48:2, pages O175-O181.
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Zhengyu (Tracy) Zhang & René M. Dailey. (2018) Wanna Hear a Secret?: The Burden of Secret Concealment in Personal Relationships From the Confidant's Perspective. Journal of Relationships Research 9.
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Frank D. Fincham. (2017) Translational Family Science and Forgiveness: A Healthy Symbiotic Relationship?. Family Relations 66:4, pages 584-600.
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ELIZABETH DORRANCE HALL. (2017) The process of family member marginalization: Turning points experienced by “black sheep”. Personal Relationships 24:3, pages 491-512.
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Joshua R. Pederson & Rachel M. McLaren. (2016) Managing information following hurtful experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 33:7, pages 961-983.
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Anita L. Vangelisti. 2015. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication 1 9 .
Megan R. Dillow. 2015. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication 1 9 .
Lauren R. Gilbert, Richard S. PondJr.Jr., Eric A. Haak, C. Nathan DeWall & Peggy S. Keller. (2015) Sleep Problems Exacerbate the Emotional Consequences of Interpersonal Rejection. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 34:1, pages 50-63.
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Rachel M. McLaren & Denise Haunani Solomon. (2014) Victim and Perpetrator Accounts of Hurtful Messages: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Human Communication Research 40:3, pages 291-308.
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Rachel M. McLaren & Joshua R. Pederson. (2014) Relational Communication and Understanding in Conversations About Hurtful Events Between Parents and Adolescents. Journal of Communication 64:1, pages 145-166.
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Windy Dryden & Nicola R. Hurton. (2013) Why I did Not do What I Felt Like Doing When I Felt Hurt: An REBT-Based Investigation of Reasons Why Hurt-Based Action Tendencies are Not Acted On. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 31:4, pages 199-218.
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Windy Dryden & Nicola R. Hurton. (2013) What I Felt Like Doing, but did Not Do When I Felt Hurt: An REBT-Based Investigation of Action Tendencies that are Not Acted On. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 31:4, pages 179-198.
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Rachel M. McLaren & Keli Ryan Steuber. (2012) Emotions, communicative responses, and relational consequences of boundary turbulence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 30:5, pages 606-626.
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Rachel M. McLaren, Denise Haunani Solomon & Jennifer S. Priem. (2012) The Effect of Relationship Characteristics and Relational Communication on Experiences of Hurt From Romantic Partners. Journal of Communication 62:6, pages 950-971.
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Tanja M. Gerlach, Mathias Allemand, Dmitrij Agroskin & Jaap J. A. Denissen. (2012) Justice Sensitivity and Forgiveness in Close Interpersonal Relationships: The Mediating Role of Mistrustful, Legitimizing, and Pro‐Relationship Cognitions. Journal of Personality 80:5, pages 1373-1413.
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Rachel M. McLarenDenise Haunani Solomon & Jennifer S. Priem. (2011) Explaining Variation in Contemporaneous Responses to Hurt in Premarital Romantic Relationships: A Relational Turbulence Model Perspective. Communication Research 38:4, pages 543-564.
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Laura Bokar, James N. SellsFrancesca Giordano & Toni Tollerud. (2010) The Validity of the Relational Conflict Model. The Family Journal 19:1, pages 7-14.
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Jennifer S. PriemRachel M. McLaren & Denise Haunani Solomon. (2009) Relational Messages, Perceptions of Hurt, and Biological Stress Reactions to a Disconfirming Interaction. Communication Research 37:1, pages 48-72.
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Jennifer A. Theiss, Leanne K. Knobloch, Maria G. Checton & Kate Magsamen-Conrad. (2009) Relationship Characteristics Associated with the Experience of Hurt in Romantic Relationships: A Test of the Relational Turbulence Model. Human Communication Research 35:4, pages 588-615.
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Robin M. Kowalski. 2010. Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships. Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships 457 478 .
Judith A. Feeney. 2010. Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships. Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships 313 335 .
Beverley Fehr & Cheryl Harasymchuk. 2010. Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships. Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships 288 312 .
Daena J. Goldsmith & Erin Donovan-Kicken. 2010. Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships. Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships 50 72 .
James N. SellsJohn Beckenbach & Shawn Patrick. (2009) Pain and Defense Versus Grace and Justice: The Relational Conflict and Restoration Model. The Family Journal 17:3, pages 203-212.
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Rachel M. McLaren & Denise Haunani Solomon. (2008) Appraisals and Distancing Responses to Hurtful Messages. Communication Research 35:3, pages 339-357.
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KEITH SANFORD. (2007) Hard and soft emotion during conflict: Investigating married couples and other relationships. Personal Relationships 14:1, pages 65-90.
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Guy Foster Bachman & Laura K. Guerrero. (2016) Relational quality and communicative responses following hurtful events in dating relationships: An expectancy violations analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 23:6, pages 943-963.
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Anita L. Vangelisti, Stacy L. Young, Katy E. Carpenter-Theune & Alicia L. Alexander. (2016) Why Does It Hurt?. Communication Research 32:4, pages 443-477.
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Judith A. Feeney. (2005) Hurt feelings in couple relationships: Exploring the role of attachment and perceptions of personal injury. Personal Relationships 12:2, pages 253-271.
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Geoff MacDonald & Mark R. Leary. (2005) Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? The Relationship Between Social and Physical Pain.. Psychological Bulletin 131:2, pages 202-223.
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Judith A. Feeney. (2016) Hurt Feelings in Couple Relationships: Towards Integrative Models of the Negative Effects of Hurtful Events. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 21:4, pages 487-508.
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Stacy L. Young. (2016) Factors that Influence Recipients’ Appraisals of Hurtful Communication. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 21:3, pages 291-303.
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Elissa Foster. (2016) Storm Tracking: Scenes of Marital Disintegration. Qualitative Inquiry 8:6, pages 804-819.
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Rosemary S. L. MillsJane Nazar & Heather M. Farrell. (2016) Child and Parent Perceptions of Hurtful Messages. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 19:6, pages 731-754.
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Michael E. Roloff & Denise H. Solomon. (2002) CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH RELATIONAL COMMITMENT LEADS TO EXPRESSING OR WITHHOLDING RELATIONAL COMPLAINTS. International Journal of Conflict Management 13:3, pages 276-391.
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Kelly Fudge Albada, Mark L. Knapp & Katheryn E. Theune. (2002) Interaction Appearance Theory: Changing Perceptions of Physical Attractiveness Through Social Interaction. Communication Theory 12:1, pages 8-40.
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A Hess. (2000) Maintaining nonvoluntary relationships with disliked partners: an investigation into the use of distancing behaviors. Human Communication Research 26:3, pages 458-488.
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Anita L. VangelistiStacy L. Young. (2016) When Words Hurt: The Effects of Perceived Intentionality on Interpersonal Relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 17:3, pages 393-424.
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