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Original Articles

“A Liberal Is Someone Who Has Not Been Mugged”: Criminal Victimization and Political Beliefs

Pages 309-334 | Published online: 14 May 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (13)

Kelly M. Socia, Rebecca Stone, Wilson R. Palacios & John G. Cluverius. (2022) Too Harsh for Me but Not for Thee? Threat Control, Personal Freedom, and Perception of Pandemic Policy. Justice Quarterly 39:7, pages 1592-1617.
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Mikaela Rawleigh & Rebecca Purc-Stephenson. (2021) PAW-sitive for Whom? Examining the Treatment Acceptability of Prison-Animal Programs. Anthrozoös 34:4, pages 525-541.
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Monika Simmler, Monika Stempkowski & Nora Markwalder. (2021) Punitive attitudes and victimization among police officers in Switzerland: an empirical exploration. Police Practice and Research 22:2, pages 1191-1208.
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Ethan C. Stokes, Stacy H. Haynes, Amy M. Burdette & David C. May. (2020) Punishing the Wrongdoers: The Effects of Religiosity on Punitive Attitudes toward Adults and Juveniles. Sociological Focus 53:4, pages 411-427.
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Karoline Ellrich. (2018) Violent victimisation, professional self-esteem, and punitivity of German police officers. Policing and Society 28:7, pages 787-805.
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Melissa Thompson & Kimberly Barsamian Kahn. (2018) Law enforcement response to mental health crises: citizen risk factors and preferences for social policy. Police Practice and Research 19:4, pages 329-346.
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Peter S. Lehmann & Justin T. Pickett. (2017) Experience Versus Expectation: Economic Insecurity, the Great Recession, and Support for the Death Penalty. Justice Quarterly 34:5, pages 873-902.
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Stacy H. Haynes & Alison C. Cares. (2015) Victims’ and Offenders’ Views About Crime and Justice. Sociological Focus 48:3, pages 228-248.
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Cassandra A. Atkin & Robert J. Cramer. (2012) Ex-offenders on the Stand: Steps toward Eliminating Jury Bias. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 12:3, pages 211-226.
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JamesD. Unnever, ShaunL. Gabbidon & GeorgeE. Higgins. (2011) The Election of Barack Obama and Perceptions of Criminal Injustice. Justice Quarterly 28:1, pages 23-45.
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Connie Hassett-Walker. (2010) Delinquency and the Black Middle Class: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 8:4, pages 266-289.
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JamesD. Unnever, JohnK. Cochran, FrancisT. Cullen & BrandonK. Applegate. (2010) The Pragmatic American: Attributions of Crime and the Hydraulic Relation Hypothesis. Justice Quarterly 27:3, pages 431-457.
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FrancisT. Cullen, JamesD. Unnever, JenniferL. Hartman, MichaelG. Turner & Robert Agnew. (2008) Gender, Bullying Victimization, and Juvenile Delinquency: A Test of General Strain Theory. Victims & Offenders 3:4, pages 346-364.
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Articles from other publishers (60)

Francis D Boateng, Michael K Dzordzormenyoh & Wendell C Wallace. (2023) Predictors of public support for the death penalty in the Americas: A comparative analysis. Criminology & Criminal Justice, pages 174889582311665.
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Nicolas Carrier. (2022) Monstrosity, correctional healing, and the limits of penal abolitionism. Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 19:1, pages 95-113.
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Vickie Barrett, Emily Gray & Stephen FarrallVickie Barrett, Emily Gray & Stephen Farrall. 2023. Politics, Punitiveness, and Problematic Populations. Politics, Punitiveness, and Problematic Populations 255 288 .
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Francis Danso Boateng & Michael K. Dzordzormenyoh. (2021) Capital Punishment in Brazil: Exploring Factors That Predict Public Support for the Death Penalty. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 38:1, pages 56-71.
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Matthew J. Dolliver, Jennifer L. Kenney & Lesley Williams Reid. (2021) Assessing the Relationships Between Past Victimization, Perceived Risk of Future Victimization, and Controversial Criminal Justice Policies Using Structural Equation Modeling. Criminal Justice Policy Review 33:1, pages 74-98.
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Paula Cristina Lopes, Isabel Rocha Pinto, José Mendes Marques & Magdalena Bobowik. (2021) Releasing prisoners during COVID-19: the impact of the support for the early release, perceived insecurity and political orientation on attitudes towards released prisoners in Portugal. International Journal of Prisoner Health 17:3, pages 282-295.
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Tara D. Warner & Shawn Ratcliff. (2021) What Guns Mean: Who Sees Guns as Important, Essential, and Empowering (and Why)?. Sociological Inquiry 91:2, pages 313-346.
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Ethan Amidon & John M. Eassey. (2021) Examining the county‐level political considerations associated with declining reliance on the death penalty from 1990 to 2010*. Criminology 59:2, pages 318-350.
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Robert N. Collins, David R. Mandel & Sarah S. Schywiola. (2021) Political Identity Over Personal Impact: Early U.S. Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology 12.
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Tomoya Mukai & Kyoko Fujino. (2021) The relationships among severe punishment orientation, fear of crime, and the perceived risk of juvenile crime: The role of the child image as incomprehensible as an antecedent factor少年犯罪に対する厳罰志向性と犯罪不安および被害リスク知覚の関連―先行要因としての子どもイメージに着目して―. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 60:2, pages 100-112.
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Viviana Andreescu & Tom “Tad” Hughes. (2020) Public opinion and the death penalty in Japan. Punishment & Society 22:5, pages 573-595.
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Kevin H. Wozniak. (2018) An Analysis of Black–White Racial Differences in Public Support for Nonviolent Sentencing Reform. Race and Justice 10:4, pages 456-479.
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Peter S. Lehmann, Justin T. Pickett & Megan Denver. (2019) Public Opinion on Criminal Records and Employment: A Test of Competing Theoretical Models. Crime & Delinquency 66:6-7, pages 995-1022.
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Mateja Vuk, Brandon K. Applegate, Heather M. Ouellette, Riane M. Bolin & Eva Aizpurua. (2019) The Pragmatic Public? The Impact of Practical Concerns on Support for Punitive and Rehabilitative Prison Policies. American Journal of Criminal Justice 45:2, pages 273-292.
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Daniel P. Mears & Justin T. Pickett. (2017) Voting Preferences and Perceived Juvenile Crime Trends: Examining Racial and Political Differences. Criminal Justice Policy Review 30:6, pages 840-861.
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Alexa J. Singer, Cecilia Chouhy, Peter S. Lehmann, Jessica N. Walzak, Marc Gertz & Sophia Biglin. (2018) Victimization, Fear of Crime, and Trust in Criminal Justice Institutions: A Cross-National Analysis. Crime & Delinquency 65:6, pages 822-844.
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Ethan Amidon. (2018) Politics and the Death Penalty: 1930–2010. American Journal of Criminal Justice 43:4, pages 831-860.
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Matthew J. Dolliver, Jennifer L. Kenney, Lesley Williams Reid & Ariane Prohaska. (2018) Examining the Relationship Between Media Consumption, Fear of Crime, and Support for Controversial Criminal Justice Policies Using a Nationally Representative Sample. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 34:4, pages 399-420.
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Chloe Leclerc, Anta Niang & Marie-Chloé Duval. (2018) Understanding the Relationship Between Public Opinion and Experience With the Criminal Justice System. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 30:3, pages 473-492.
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Joseph S. DeLuca, John Vaccaro, Amalia Rudnik, Nicole Graham, Anna Giannicchi & Philip T. Yanos. (2017) Sociodemographic Predictors of Sex Offender Stigma: How Politics Impact Attitudes, Social Distance, and Perceptions of Sex Offender Recidivism. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62:10, pages 2879-2896.
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Gary Kleck & Dylan Baker Jackson. (2016) Does Crime Cause Punitiveness?. Crime & Delinquency 63:12, pages 1572-1599.
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Alicia D. Simmons. (2017) Cultivating Support for Punitive Criminal Justice Policies: News Sectors and the Moderating Effects of Audience Characteristics. Social Forces 96:1, pages 299-328.
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Kevin O’Sullivan, David Holderness, Xiang Yan Hong, David Bright & Richard Kemp. (2016) Public Attitudes in Australia to the Reintegration of ex-Offenders: Testing a Belief in Redeemability (BiR) scale. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 23:3, pages 409-424.
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Jasmine R. Silver. (2017) Moral Foundations, Intuitions of Justice, and the Intricacies of Punitive Sentiment. Law & Society Review 51:2, pages 413-450.
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Mary Schmeida & Ramona S. McNeal. 2017. Cybersecurity Breaches and Issues Surrounding Online Threat Protection. Cybersecurity Breaches and Issues Surrounding Online Threat Protection 54 73 .
Michael Hanslmaier & Dirk Baier. (2016) Re-examining the relationship between religion and punitiveness: Evidence from Germany. European Journal of Criminology 13:4, pages 473-490.
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Kevin H. Wozniak. (2016) Public Opinion and the Politics of Criminal Justice Policy Making: Reasons for Optimism, Pessimism, and Uncertainty. Criminology & Public Policy 15:1, pages 179-186.
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Christina Mancini & Justin T. Pickett. (2014) The Good, the Bad, and the Incomprehensible. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 31:2, pages 257-281.
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JASON R. SILVER & JUSTIN T. PICKETT. (2015) TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF POLITICIZED POLICING ATTITUDES: CONFLICTED CONSERVATISM AND SUPPORT FOR POLICE USE OF FORCE. Criminology 53:4, pages 650-676.
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Kevin H. Wozniak. (2014) American Public Opinion About Prisons. Criminal Justice Review 39:3, pages 305-324.
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Lior Gideon & Ayala Sherman-Oren. (2014) The Role of Social Distress, Political Affiliation, and Education in Measuring Punitive Attitudes. International Criminal Justice Review 24:2, pages 151-171.
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Justin T. Pickett, Daniel Tope & Rose Bellandi. (2014) “Taking Back Our Country”: Tea Party Membership and Support for Punitive Crime Control Policies. Sociological Inquiry 84:2, pages 167-190.
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Dominic Kelly. (2014) Punish or Reform? Predicting Prison Staff Punitiveness. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 53:1, pages 49-68.
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Michele Roccato, Alessio Vieno & Silvia Russo. (2013) Criminal victimisation fosters conservatism among people living in areas with high unemployment rates: A multilevel longitudinal study. European Journal of Social Psychology 43:6, pages 585-592.
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Daniel P. Mears, Justin Pickett, Kristin Golden, Ted Chiricos & Marc Gertz. (2011) The Effect of Interracial Contact on Whites' Perceptions of Victimization Risk and Black Criminality. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 50:2, pages 272-299.
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Christina Mancini & Daniel P. Mears. (2012) The Effect of Agency Scandal on Public Views Toward the Correctional System. Criminal Justice Review 38:1, pages 5-28.
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Justin T. Pickett, Daniel P. Mears, Eric A. Stewart & Marc Gertz. (2012) Security at the Expense of Liberty. Crime & Delinquency 59:2, pages 214-242.
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Vincent Garin. (2012) Social instability and reaction to deviance: A multilevel analysis of the Swiss lifelong detention initiative. Punishment & Society 14:3, pages 289-314.
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Andrea Leverentz. (2012) Narratives of Crime and Criminals: How Places Socially Construct the Crime Problem 1 . Sociological Forum 27:2, pages 348-371.
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Michele P. Claibourn & Paul S. Martin. (2010) Creating Constituencies: Presidential Campaigns, the Scope of Conflict, and Selective Mobilization. Political Behavior 34:1, pages 27-56.
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Brandon K. Applegate & Joseph B. Sanborn. (2011) Public Opinion on the Harshness of Local Courts. Criminal Justice Review 36:4, pages 487-497.
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Andrea Leverentz. (2011) Neighborhood context of attitudes toward crime and reentry. Punishment & Society 13:1, pages 64-92.
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Ben BrownWm. Reed Benedict & Kevin Buckler. (2010) Support for the Death Penalty in Developing Democracies: A Binational Comparative Case Study. International Criminal Justice Review 20:4, pages 398-416.
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James Unnever. (2010) Global support for the death penalty. Punishment & Society 12:4, pages 463-484.
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Kevin H. Wozniak & Andrew R. Lewis. (2010) Reexamining the effect of christian denominational affiliation on death penalty support. Journal of Criminal Justice 38:5, pages 1082-1089.
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Christina Mancini, Ryan T. Shields, Daniel P. Mears & Kevin M. Beaver. (2010) Sex offender residence restriction laws: Parental perceptions and public policy. Journal of Criminal Justice 38:5, pages 1022-1030.
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Christina Mancini & Daniel P. Mears. (2010) To execute or not to execute? Examining public support for capital punishment of sex offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice 38:5, pages 959-968.
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Christopher D. BaderScott A. Desmond, F. Carson Mencken & Byron R. Johnson. (2010) Divine Justice: The Relationship Between Images of God and Attitudes Toward Criminal Punishment. Criminal Justice Review 35:1, pages 90-106.
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Natasha A. Frost. (2010) Beyond Public Opinion Polls: Punitive Public Sentiment & Criminal Justice Policy. Sociology Compass 4:3, pages 156-168.
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PAUL J. HIRSCHFIELD & ALEX R. PIQUERO. (2010) NORMALIZATION AND LEGITIMATION: MODELING STIGMATIZING ATTITUDES TOWARD EX-OFFENDERS. Criminology 48:1, pages 27-55.
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Fenna Van Marle & Shadd Maruna. (2009) ‘Ontological insecurity’ and ‘terror management’. Punishment & Society 12:1, pages 7-26.
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Daniel P. Mears & Eric A. Stewart. (2010) Interracial contact and fear of crime. Journal of Criminal Justice 38:1, pages 34-41.
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Daniel P. MearsChristina Mancini & Eric A. Stewart. (2009) Whites’ Concern about Crime: The Effects of Interracial Contact. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 46:4, pages 524-552.
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Besiki KutateladzeAngela M. Crossman. (2009) An Exploratory Analysis of Gender Differences in Punitiveness in Two Countries. International Criminal Justice Review 19:3, pages 322-343.
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James D. Unnever & Francis T. Cullen. (2009) Empathetic identification and punitiveness. Theoretical Criminology 13:3, pages 283-312.
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Shadd Maruna & Anna King. (2009) Once a Criminal, Always a Criminal?: ‘Redeemability’ and the Psychology of Punitive Public Attitudes. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 15:1-2, pages 7-24.
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Anna King & Shadd Maruna. (2009) Is a conservative just a liberal who has been mugged?. Punishment & Society 11:2, pages 147-169.
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James D. Unnever, Michael L. Benson & Francis T. Cullen. (2008) Public Support for Getting Tough on Corporate Crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 45:2, pages 163-190.
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Donald P. Haider-Markel & Andrea Vieux. (2008) Gender and Conditional Support for Torture in the War on Terror. Politics & Gender 4:01.
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