Advanced search
Publication Cover
Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences Volume 15, 1988 - Issue 1
Submit an article Journal homepage
338
Views
320
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Growth of thin films by laser-induced evaporation

Jeffrey T. Cheung Department of Electronic Imaging Science Center Rockwell International, Thousand Oaks, California
&
Haluk Sankur Department of Applied Optics Science, Center Rockwell International, Thousand Oaks, California
Pages 63-109 | Published online: 24 Oct 2006

Citations (320)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (5)

MatthewT. Johnson, JosephR. Michael, ShelleyR. Gilliss & C. Barry Carter. (1999) Iron oxide on (001) MgO. Philosophical Magazine A 79:12, pages 2887-2898.
Read now
Ashok Kumar. (1999) Pulsed Laser Deposition of Superhard Nitride Coatings. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 14:3, pages 397-411.
Read now
MichaelP. Mallamaci, KevinB. Sartain & C. Barry Carter. (1998) Crystallization of calcium hexaluminate on basal alumina. Philosophical Magazine A 77:3, pages 561-575.
Read now
R. K. Singh, D. R. Gilbert, J. Fitz-Gerald & D. G. Lee. (1997) Surface composites: novel method to fabricate adherent interfaces. Surface Engineering 13:5, pages 389-392.
Read now
R.C. Estler, S. Foltyn, A.R. Garcia, R.E. Muenchausen, N.S. Nogar & M. Trkula. (1990) LASER PROCESSING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING THIN FILMS. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 5:4, pages 529-548.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (315)

Jon Tomas Gudmundsson, André Anders & Achim von Keudell. (2022) Foundations of physical vapor deposition with plasma assistance. Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31:8, pages 083001.
Crossref
Abel Fernandez, Megha Acharya, Han‐Gyeol Lee, Jesse Schimpf, Yizhe Jiang, Djamila Lou, Zishen Tian & Lane W. Martin. (2022) Thin‐Film Ferroelectrics. Advanced Materials 34:30.
Crossref
Dong Yeong Kim, Jochen Mannhart & Wolfgang Braun. (2021) Thermal laser evaporation for the growth of oxide films. APL Materials 9:8.
Crossref
Samuel P. Douglas, Shreya Mrig & Caroline E. Knapp. (2021) MODs vs. NPs: Vying for the Future of Printed Electronics. Chemistry – A European Journal 27:31, pages 8062-8081.
Crossref
Joana Polednia, Ralf Dohmen & Katharina Marquardt. (2020) Grain boundary diffusion and its relation to segregation of multiple elements in yttrium aluminum garnet. European Journal of Mineralogy 32:6, pages 675-696.
Crossref
Wolfgang Braun & Jochen Mannhart. (2019) Film deposition by thermal laser evaporation. AIP Advances 9:8.
Crossref
Jiyang Liu, Xiaolan Liu, Ke Yang, Siying He, Hongting Lu, Bing Li, Guanggen Zeng, Jingquan Zhang, Wei Li, Lili Wu & Lianghuan Feng. (2018) Preparation and characterization of pulsed laser deposited Sb2Te3 back contact for CdTe thin film solar cell. Applied Surface Science 453, pages 126-131.
Crossref
Donald M. Mattox. 2018. The Foundations of Vacuum Coating Technology. The Foundations of Vacuum Coating Technology 151 184 .
Grzegorz Wisz, Piotr Sagan, Ireneusz Stefaniuk, Bogumil Cieniek, Wojciech Maziarz & Marian Kuzma. (2016) Structure and composition of layers of Ni-Co-Mn-In Heusler alloys obtained by pulsed laser deposition. EPJ Web of Conferences 133, pages 02006.
Crossref
M. Joseph, N. Sivakumar & P. Manoravi. 2017. Materials Under Extreme Conditions. Materials Under Extreme Conditions 533 573 .
Xiaoyan Yang, Zheng Bao, Run Luo, Bo Liu, Ping Tang, Bing Li, Jingquan Zhang, Wei Li, Lili Wu & Lianghuan Feng. (2016) Preparation and characterization of pulsed laser deposited CdS/CdSe bi-layer films for CdTe solar cell application. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 48, pages 27-32.
Crossref
Alaa Ayad Al-mebir, Paul Harrison, Ali Kadhim, Guanggen Zeng & Judy Wu. (2016) Effect of In Situ Thermal Annealing on Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of CdS/CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition . Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2016, pages 1-8.
Crossref
Jörg Hermann, Antonella Lorusso, Alessio Perrone, Francesco Strafella, Christophe Dutouquet & Béatrice Torralba. (2015) Simulation of emission spectra from nonuniform reactive laser-induced plasmas. Physical Review E 92:5.
Crossref
M. Maaza, B.D. Ngom, M. Achouri & K. Manikandan. (2015) Functional nanostructured oxides. Vacuum 114, pages 172-187.
Crossref
Zhenxun Ming, Chao Ding, Bing Li, Lianghuan Feng & Judy Wu. (2014) Study of Ar + O2 deposition pressures on properties of pulsed laser deposited CdTe thin films at high substrate temperature. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 25:4, pages 1901-1907.
Crossref
S. KHAMLICH, B. D. NGOM, C. K. KOTSEDI, K. BOUZIANE, E. MANIKANDAN & M. MAAZA. (2014) MORPHOLOGICAL AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH OXIDES COATINGS DEPOSITED BY DOUBLE DUAL BEAM-PLD. Surface Review and Letters 21:01, pages 1450001.
Crossref
Chao Ding, Zhenxun Ming, Bing Li, Lianghuan Feng & Judy Wu. (2013) Preparation and characterization of pulsed laser deposited CdTe thin films at higher FTO substrate temperature and in Ar+O2 atmosphere. Materials Science and Engineering: B 178:11, pages 801-806.
Crossref
SILVIA HAINDL, MARTIN KIDSZUN, FRANZISKA ONKEN, ALEXANDER MIETKE & THOMAS THERSLEFF. (2012) LESSONS FROM OXYPNICTIDE THIN FILMS. International Journal of Modern Physics B 27:04, pages 1330001.
Crossref
S. Blackwell, R. Smith, S. D. Kenny & J. M. Walls. (2012) Modeling evaporation, ion-beam assist, and magnetron sputtering of thin metal films over realistic time scales. Physical Review B 86:3.
Crossref
Krisztina Frey, Gábor Pető, Katalin V. Josepovits & László Guczi. (2012) Gold catalysts for the abatement of environmentally harmful materials: Modeling the structure dependency. Vacuum 86:6, pages 745-749.
Crossref
Z.W. Chen, Z. Jiao, M.H. Wu, C.H. Shek, C.M.L. Wu & J.K.L. Lai. (2011) Microstructural evolution of oxides and semiconductor thin films. Progress in Materials Science 56:7, pages 901-1029.
Crossref
Yeon Hwa Jo, Bhaskar Chandra Mohanty & Yong Soo Cho. (2010) Enhanced electrical properties of pulsed laser-deposited CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2 thin films via processing control. Solar Energy 84:12, pages 2213-2218.
Crossref
Tobias N. Hoheisel, Stephen Schrettl, Ruth Szilluweit & Holger Frauenrath. (2010) Nanostructured Carbonaceous Materials from Molecular Precursors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 49:37, pages 6496-6515.
Crossref
Tobias N. Hoheisel, Stephen Schrettl, Ruth Szilluweit & Holger Frauenrath. (2010) Nanostrukturierte Kohlenstoffmaterialien aus molekularen Vorstufen. Angewandte Chemie 122:37, pages 6644-6664.
Crossref
Yeon Hwa Jo, Bhaskar Chandra Mohanty & Yong Soo Cho. (2010) Crystallization and surface segregation in CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2 thin films on Cu foils grown by pulsed laser deposition. Applied Surface Science 256:22, pages 6819-6823.
Crossref
C. Clavero, A. Cebollada, G. Armelles & O. Fruchart. (2010) Growth mode, magnetic and magneto-optical properties of pulsed-laser-deposited Au/Co/Au(111) trilayers. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 322:6, pages 647-652.
Crossref
J.E. Williams, R.P. Camata, V.V. Fedorov & S.B. Mirov. (2008) Pulsed laser deposition of chromium-doped zinc selenide thin films for mid-infrared applications. Applied Physics A 91:2, pages 333-335.
Crossref
J. Rzeszutek, M. Oszwaldowski & V. Savchuk. (2007) Ablation of CdTe with 100 µs Nd:YAG laser pulses: dependence on target preparation method. Crystal Research and Technology 43:1, pages 32-43.
Crossref
Zhixun Ma, Kin Man Yu, Lei Liu, Lan Wang, Dale L. Perry, Wladek Walukiewicz, Peter Yu & Samuel S. Mao. (2007) Copper-doped CdTe films with improved hole mobility. Applied Physics Letters 91:9.
Crossref
Bretislav Heinrich & John Francis Cochran. 2007. Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials. Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials.
Tinwei Zhang, Yiqun Shen, Wei Hu, Jian Sun, Jiada Wu, Zhifeng Ying & Ning Xu. (2007) Growth of ZnSe nanowires by pulsed-laser deposition. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 25:6, pages 1823.
Crossref
L. Guczi, Z. Pászti, K. Frey, A. Beck, G. Pető & Cs. S. Daróczy. (2006) Modeling gold/iron oxide interface system. Topics in Catalysis 39:3-4, pages 137-143.
Crossref
Yanhong Hu, Olga A Shenderova, Zushou Hu, Clifford W Padgett & Donald W Brenner. (2006) Carbon nanostructures for advanced composites. Reports on Progress in Physics 69:6, pages 1847-1895.
Crossref
E. Rodriguez, E. Jimenez, L. Moya, C.L. Cesar, L.P. Cardoso & L.C. Barbosa. (2006) Plasma dynamics studies during deposition of thin film PbTe on a glass substrate. Vacuum 80:8, pages 841-849.
Crossref
Cheow-Keong Choo, Daisuke Suzawa & Katsumi Tanaka. (2006) Deposition of potassium–oxygen on silicon surfaces by pulsed laser ablation of potassium superoxide: Study of work function changes. Surface Science 600:7, pages 1518-1525.
Crossref
Krisztina Frey, Andrea Beck, Gábor Pető, György Molnár, Olga Geszti & László Guczi. (2006) Activity of TiO2 overlayer deposited on Au/SiO2/Si(1 0 0) model system. Catalysis Communications 7:2, pages 64-67.
Crossref
X.R. Zhao, W.-Q. Lu, S. Okazaki, Y. Konishi, K. Akahane, T. Ishibashi, K. Sato, Y. Matsumoto, H. Koinuma & T. Hasegawa. (2006) High-throughput characterization of BixY3−xFe5O12 combinatorial thin films by magneto-optical imaging technique. Applied Surface Science 252:7, pages 2628-2633.
Crossref
Chunming Niu & Charles M. Lieber. 2012. Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry. Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry.
Chunming Niu & Charles M. Lieber. 2005. Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry.
László Guczi, Krisztina Frey, Andrea Beck, Gábor Petõ, Csaba S. Daróczi, Norbert Kruse & Sergey Chenakin. (2005) Iron oxide overlayers on Au/SiO2/Si(100): Promoting effect of Au on the catalytic activity of iron oxide in CO oxidation. Applied Catalysis A: General 291:1-2, pages 116-125.
Crossref
A.L. Mercado, C.E. Allmond, J.G. Hoekstra & J.M. Fitz-Gerald. (2005) Pulsed laser deposition vs. matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation for growth of biodegradable polymer thin films. Applied Physics A 81:3, pages 591-599.
Crossref
S.K. Pandey, Umesh Tiwari, R. Raman, Chandra Prakash, Vamsi Krishna, Viresh Dutta & K. Zimik. (2005) Growth of cubic and hexagonal CdTe thin films by pulsed laser deposition. Thin Solid Films 473:1, pages 54-57.
Crossref
Akira Iwabuchi, Cheow-keong Choo & Katsumi Tanaka. (2004) Titania Nanoparticles Prepared with Pulsed Laser Ablation of Rutile Single Crystals in Water. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108:30, pages 10863-10871.
Crossref
Cheow-Keong Choo, Satoshi Suzuki & Katsumi Tanaka. (2004) Photoluminescence intensity enhancement of ion-doped CdWO4 thin films prepared with pulsed laser deposition. Thin Solid Films 458:1-2, pages 179-185.
Crossref
M. Oszwaldowski, T. Berus, J. Rzeszutek, P. Sidorchuk, J. Polit, E. Sheregii & J. Szade. (2004) Pulsed laser deposition of II–VI semiconductor thin films and their layered structures. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 371:1-2, pages 164-167.
Crossref
David P. Norton. (2004) Synthesis and properties of epitaxial electronic oxide thin-film materials. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 43:5-6, pages 139-247.
Crossref
Katsumi Tanaka, Satoshi Suzuki & Cheow-Keong Choo. (2004) Time-resolved photoluminescence on ion doped CdWO4 thin films prepared with pulsed laser deposition. Journal of Applied Physics 95:3, pages 1294-1300.
Crossref
L. Guczi, Z. Pászti & G. Pető. 2004. Nanotechnology in Catalysis. Nanotechnology in Catalysis 467 496 .
Dave Blank, Lianne Doeswijk, Koray Karakaya, Gertjan Koster & Guus Rijnders. 2003. High k Gate Dielectrics. High k Gate Dielectrics.
V. Venkataraman, S. Rajagopalan, P. Manoravi, A.K. Balamurugan, A. Ramalingam & A.K. Tyagi. (2003) Formation of interface silicides at room temperature in pulsed laser deposited Ti thin films on Si〈1 0 0〉. Materials Research Bulletin 38:14, pages 1835-1840.
Crossref
M. Oszwaldowski, T. Berus, P. Sydorczuk & J. Rzeszutek. (2003) Apparatus for pulsed laser deposition of semiconductor thin films. Review of Scientific Instruments 74:6, pages 3160-3163.
Crossref
Joanne M. Heagney, Joseph S. Heagney & Hans J. Maier. 2003. digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics. digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics.
Sivarajan Ramesh, Bruce Brinson, M. Pontier Johnson, Zhenning Gu, Rajesh K. Saini, Peter Willis, Terry Marriott, W. E. Billups, J. L. Margrave, Robert H. Hauge & Richard E. Smalley. (2003) Identification of Large Fullerenes Formed during the Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the HiPco Process. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 107:6, pages 1360-1365.
Crossref
P.-O Jubert, O Fruchart & C Meyer. (2003) Nucleation and surface diffusion in pulsed laser deposition of Fe on Mo(110). Surface Science 522:1-3, pages 8-16.
Crossref
. 2003. The Foundations of Vacuum Coating Technology. The Foundations of Vacuum Coating Technology 43 60 .
Jyrki Lappalainen, Johannes Frantti & Vilho Lantto. 2003. Crystal Growth Technology. Crystal Growth Technology 143 179 .
Miroslav Jelı́nek, Ján Lančok, Rumen Tomov & Zdeněk Zelinger. (2002) Optical emission spectroscopy of nitrogen species and plasma plume induced by laser ablation combined with pulse modulated radio-frequency discharge. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 58:7, pages 1513-1521.
Crossref
Katsumi Tanaka, Keihachi Fukui, Koh-ichi Ohga & Cheow-Keong Choo. (2002) CaWO 4 thin films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 20:2, pages 486-491.
Crossref
Pritish Mukherjee, Shudong Chen, John B. Cuff, Palanikumaran Sakthivel & Sarath Witanachchi. (2002) Evidence for the physical basis and universality of the elimination of particulates using dual-laser ablation. I. Dynamic time-resolved target melt studies, and film growth of Y2O3 and ZnO. Journal of Applied Physics 91:4, pages 1828-1836.
Crossref
Roy Paily, Amitava DasGupta, Nandita DasGupta, Pijush Bhattacharya, Pankaj Misra, Tapas Ganguli, Lalit M Kukreja, A.K Balamurugan, S Rajagopalan & A.K Tyagi. (2002) Pulsed laser deposition of TiO2 for MOS gate dielectric. Applied Surface Science 187:3-4, pages 297-304.
Crossref
R. Mu, M.H. Wu, Y. C. Liu, A. Ueda, D.O. Henderson, A.B. Hmelo, L.C. Feldman & A. Hepp. (2011) Fabrication of Copper-Indium-Disulfide Films onto Mo/Glass Substrates Using Pulsed Laser Deposition. MRS Proceedings 730.
Crossref
B. Hopp, N. Kresz, Cs. Vass, Z. Tóth, T. Smausz & F. Ignácz. (2002) Spatial separation of fast and slow components of pulsed laser plumes. Applied Surface Science 186:1-4, pages 298-302.
Crossref
Milton Ohring. 2002. Materials Science of Thin Films. Materials Science of Thin Films 95 144 .
Katsumi Tanaka, Koh-ichi Ohga, Cheow-Keong Choo & Ryouhei Nakata. (2001) Sm-doped CdWO4 thin films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. Journal of Applied Physics 90:10, pages 5369-5375.
Crossref
A. Tselev, A. Gorbunov & W. Pompe. (2001) Cross-beam pulsed laser deposition: General characteristic. Review of Scientific Instruments 72:6, pages 2665-2672.
Crossref
Tapas Ganguli, M. Vedvyas, P. Bhattacharya, L.M. Kukreja, Alka Ingale, K.P. Adhi, K.S. Chandrashekharan, B.M. Arora & K.C. Rustagi. (2001) Crystalline quality of ZnSe thin films grown on GaAs by pulsed laser deposition in He and Ar ambients. Thin Solid Films 388:1-2, pages 189-194.
Crossref
Anupama B. Kaul, Timothy D. Sands & Theodore Van Duzer. (2011) High- T c superconducting NbN films with low particulate density grown at 25 °C using pulsed laser deposition . Journal of Materials Research 16:5, pages 1223-1226.
Crossref
P. Decorse, E. Quenneville, S. Poulin, M. Meunier, A. Yelon & F. Morin. (2001) Chemical and structural characterization of La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 thin films prepared by pulsed-laser deposition. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 19:3, pages 910-915.
Crossref
S. V. Plyatsko & N. N. Bergush. (2001) Laser beam epitaxy of HgCdTe/Si heterostructures. Semiconductors 35:4, pages 374-376.
Crossref
A.B. Kaul & T. Van Duzer. (2001) NbN/TaN/sub x//NbN SNS Josephson junctions by pulsed laser deposition. IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 11:1, pages 88-91.
Crossref
H. Wang, Y. Zhu & P. P. Ong. (2001) Structural properties of CdS-doped glass nanocrystallites grown by pulsed laser deposition in high vacuum. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 19:1, pages 306-310.
Crossref
Can Xu, Toshiyuki Arita, Katsumi Tanaka & Rhouhei Nakata. (2000) 266 nm pulsed laser-induced oxygen atoms desorbed from 873 K high temperature, high vacuum pretreated rutile TiO2. Surface Science 467:1-3, pages 191-200.
Crossref
W. B. Brinckerhoff, G. G. Managadze, R. W. McEntire, A. F. Cheng & W. J. Green. (2000) Laser time-of-flight mass spectrometry for space. Review of Scientific Instruments 71:2, pages 536-545.
Crossref
E Agostinelli, S Kaciulis & M Vittori-Antisari. (2000) Great reduction of particulates in pulsed laser deposition of Ag–Co films by using a shaded off-axis geometry. Applied Surface Science 156:1-4, pages 143-148.
Crossref
Cheow-Keong Choo, Takashi Sakamoto, Makoto Tohara, Katsumi Tanaka, Ryouhei Nakata & Naoki Okuyama. (2000) Preparation and evaluation of nitrogen-terminated silicon nanoparticles: laser annealing effect. Surface Science 445:2-3, pages 480-487.
Crossref
N. Laidani, L. Vanzetti, M. Anderle, A. Basillais, C. Boulmer-Leborgne & J. Perriere. (1999) Chemical structure of films grown by AlN laser ablation: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study. Surface and Coatings Technology 122:2-3, pages 242-246.
Crossref
Matthew T. Johnson, Paul G. Kotula & C.Barry Carter. (1999) Growth of nickel ferrite thin films using pulsed-laser deposition. Journal of Crystal Growth 206:4, pages 299-307.
Crossref
Cristina Buzea, Huabing Wang, Kensuke Nakajima, Sang-Jae Kim & Tsutomu Yamashita. (1999) Comprehensive study of the film surface temperature and plasma thermokinetics during La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 deposition by laser ablation. Journal of Applied Physics 86:5, pages 2856-2864.
Crossref
M Gross, G Henn, J Ziegler, P Allenspacher, C Cychy & H Schröder. (1999) Characteristics of undoped and magnesium doped GaN films grown by laser induced MBE. Materials Science and Engineering: B 59:1-3, pages 94-97.
Crossref
Jyrki Lappalainen, Johannes Frantti & Vilho Lantto. (2004) Surface Structure and Particulate Generation in Pb 0.97 Nd 0.02 (Zr 0.55 Ti 0.45 )O 3 Ablation Targets During Pulsed Laser Deposition . Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82:4, pages 889-896.
Crossref
Pritish Mukherjee, Shudong Chen & Sarath Witanachchi. (1999) Effect of initial plasma geometry and temperature on dynamic plume expansion in dual-laser ablation. Applied Physics Letters 74:11, pages 1546-1548.
Crossref
I. Weaver, G. W. Martin, W. G. Graham, T. Morrow & C. L. S. Lewis. (1999) The Langmuir probe as a diagnostic of the electron component within low temperature laser ablated plasma plumes. Review of Scientific Instruments 70:3, pages 1801-1805.
Crossref
SeanL. Jones, D. Kumar, K.-G. Cho, R. Singh & PaulH. Holloway. (1999) Pulsed laser deposition of Y 2 O 3 : Eu thin film phosphors. Displays 19:4, pages 151-167.
Crossref
H. Jenniches, J. Shen, Ch. V. Mohan, S. Sundar Manoharan, J. Barthel, P. Ohresser, M. Klaua & J. Kirschner. (1999) Structure and magnetism of pulsed-laser-deposited ultrathin films of Fe on Cu(100). Physical Review B 59:2, pages 1196-1208.
Crossref
Paolo Milani & Salvatore IannottaPaolo Milani & Salvatore Iannotta. 1999. Cluster Beam Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials. Cluster Beam Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials 35 89 .
Katsumi Tanaka & Natsuki Shirai. (1998) Angle-resolved analysis of desorbed species in pulsed laser ablation on cadmium tungstate single crystal surfaces with different orientations studied by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Applied Surface Science 135:1-4, pages 163-168.
Crossref
H.D. Gu, K.M. Leung, C.Y. Chung, L. You, X.D. Han, K.S. Chan & J.K.L. Lai. (1998) Pulsed laser deposition of NiTi shape memory alloy thin films with optimum parameters. Thin Solid Films 330:2, pages 196-201.
Crossref
D. P. Norton. (1998) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS. Annual Review of Materials Science 28:1, pages 299-347.
Crossref
Katsumi Tanaka, Natsuki Shirai & Tsun-Ming Chen. (1998) Pulsed laser ablation of a single crystal cadmium tungstate (010) surface studied by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of Applied Physics 83:12, pages 7975-7981.
Crossref
R. E. Leuchtner, J. S. Horwitz & D. B. Chrisey. (1998) Particulate distributions in Pt films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Journal of Applied Physics 83:10, pages 5477-5483.
Crossref
I. Weaver, C.L.S. Lewis, A.G. MacPhee, P.J. Warwick, R. Jordan & J.G. Lunney. (1998) PLD fabrication of a soft X-ray multilayer mirror and LPP reflectance test. Applied Surface Science 127-129, pages 915-921.
Crossref
Peter K. Schenck, Mark D. Vaudin, David W. Bonnell, John W. Hastie & Albert J. Paul. (1998) Particulate reduction in the pulsed laser deposition of barium titanate thin films. Applied Surface Science 127-129, pages 655-661.
Crossref
J Hermann, C Vivien, A.P Carricato & C Boulmer-Leborgne. (1998) A spectroscopic study of laser ablation plasmas from Ti, Al and C targets. Applied Surface Science 127-129, pages 645-649.
Crossref
M.E. Taylor & Harry A. Atwater. (1998) Monte Carlo simulations of epitaxial growth: comparison of pulsed laser deposition and molecular beam epitaxy. Applied Surface Science 127-129, pages 159-163.
Crossref
Rajiv K. Singh & D. Kumar. (1998) Pulsed laser deposition and characterization of high-Tc YBa2Cu3O7 − x superconducting thin films. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 22:4, pages 113-185.
Crossref
Ashok Kumar, U Ekanayake & J.S Kapat. (1998) Characterization of pulsed laser-deposited diamond-like carbon films. Surface and Coatings Technology 102:1-2, pages 113-118.
Crossref
S. V. Plyatsko. (1998) Laser-modulated epitaxy of lead telluride. Semiconductors 32:3, pages 270-273.
Crossref
J. Hermann, C. Boulmer-Leborgne & D. Hong. (1998) Diagnostics of the early phase of an ultraviolet laser induced plasma by spectral line analysis considering self-absorption. Journal of Applied Physics 83:2, pages 691-696.
Crossref
Donald M. Mattox. 1998. Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing. Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing 288 342 .
Donald M. Mattox. 1998. Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing. Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing 237 287 .
Jeffrey T. Cheung. 1998. Handbook of Vacuum Science and Technology. Handbook of Vacuum Science and Technology 694 710 .
Simeon M. Metev & Vadim P. VeikoSimeon M. Metev & Vadim P. Veiko. 1994. Laser-Assisted Microtechnology. Laser-Assisted Microtechnology 1 5 .
Simeon M. Metev & Vadim P. VeikoSimeon M. Metev & Vadim P. Veiko. 1998. Laser-Assisted Microtechnology. Laser-Assisted Microtechnology 1 5 .
A. Kumar, HI. Chan, U. Ekanayake, A. Wierzbicki & N. B. Dahotre. (1997) Laser ablation synthesis and characterization of nitride coatings. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 6:5, pages 577-582.
Crossref
Matthew P. Knowles & Stephen R. Leone. (1997) Generation of a velocity selected, pulsed source of hyperthermal (1–10 eV) neutral metal atoms for thin film growth studies. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 15:5, pages 2709-2716.
Crossref
E. C. Samano, G. Soto, J. Valenzuela & L. Cota. (1997) In situ monitoring and characterization of SiC interface formed in carbon films grown by pulsed laser deposition . Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 15:5, pages 2585-2591.
Crossref
Philip F. Souter & Lester Andrews. (1997) Infrared spectra of some uranium oxyfluoride molecules isolated in solid argon. Journal of Molecular Structure 412:3, pages 161-167.
Crossref
J. D. WuQ. PanS. C. Chen. (2016) Investigation of the Dynamics of Copper Plasma Generated from a Laser-Ablated Target Using Optical Emission Analysis. Applied Spectroscopy 51:6, pages 883-888.
Crossref
M.Y. Chern, W.S. Lee & D.R. Liou. (1997) Curie temperatures of Y3Fe5O12/Gd3Fe5O12 superlattices. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 170:3, pages L243-L247.
Crossref
H. C. Ong & R. P. H. Chang. (1997) Effect of laser intensity on the properties of carbon plasmas and deposited films. Physical Review B 55:19, pages 13213-13220.
Crossref
X.J. Yin, G.R. Lai, J.S. Chen & J.S. Kao. (1997) Conductivity enhancement in transparetn ZnO films via Al-dopping produced by CW-CO2 laser-induced evaporation. Surface and Coatings Technology 90:3, pages 239-246.
Crossref
T. Le Mercier, J.-M. Mariot, F. Goubard, M. Quarton, M.-F. Fontaine & C.F. Hague. (1997) Structural and chemical transformations induced by laser impact on TiO2 and Nb2O5. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 58:4, pages 679-684.
Crossref
Rajiv Singh & James Fitz-Gerald. (2011) Surface composites: A new class of engineered materials. Journal of Materials Research 12:3, pages 769-773.
Crossref
Mark A. Shannon, Xianglei Mao & Richard E. Russo. (1997) Monitoring laser-energy coupling to solid materials: plasma-shielding and phase change. Materials Science and Engineering: B 45:1-3, pages 172-179.
Crossref
S. Witanachchi, Y. Ying, A. M. Miyawa & P. Mukherjee. (2011) Room Temperature Growth of Conducting ZnO Films. MRS Proceedings 485.
Crossref
Michael Reichling. 1997. Laser Ablation and Desorption. Laser Ablation and Desorption 573 624 .
Douglas H. Lowndes. 1997. Laser Ablation and Desorption. Laser Ablation and Desorption 475 571 .
John C. Miller. 1997. Laser Ablation and Desorption. Laser Ablation and Desorption 1 13 .
S.B. Qadri, J.S. Horwitz, D.B. Chrisey, E.P. Donovan & E.F. Skelton. (1996) Pulsed laser deposition and characterization of ZrO2Al2O3 films. Surface and Coatings Technology 86-87, pages 149-152.
Crossref
J.A. Martín-Gago, F. Comin & S. Ferrer. (1996) Evidence of an implantation process in carbon deposition on Si(100) at high substrate temperature by laser ablation. Surface Science 369:1-3, pages 45-50.
Crossref
Hidekazu Tanaka, Hitoshi Tabata, Tomoji Kawai, Yasunori Yamazaki, Sachio Oki & Susumu Gohda. (1996) Controlling factors on the synthesis of Pb(ZrxTi1−xO3 films. Thin Solid Films 289:1-2, pages 29-33.
Crossref
T. García, J.L. Sánchez, S. Díaz, L. Ponce, E. Estevez, J.L. Peña, P. Bartolo & M.H. Farías. (1996) Deposition of polycrystalline BaFe12O19 thin films by using a Nd-YAG laser system. Materials Letters 28:1-3, pages 65-69.
Crossref
R Dat, O Auciello & A.I Kingon. (1996) Surface roughness of PbZrxTi1−xO3 thin films produced by pulsed laser ablation-deposition. Thin Solid Films 283:1-2, pages 45-48.
Crossref
O. Guillot-Noël, R. Gomez-San Roman, J. Perrière, Jörg Hermann, Valentin Craciun, Chantal Boulmer-Leborgne & P. Barboux. (1996) Growth of apatite films by laser ablation: Reduction of the droplet areal density. Journal of Applied Physics 80:3, pages 1803-1808.
Crossref
I. Weaver & C. L. S. Lewis. (1996) Polar distribution of ablated atomic material during the pulsed laser deposition of Cu in vacuum: Dependence on focused laser spot size and power density. Journal of Applied Physics 79:9, pages 7216-7222.
Crossref
Z. John Zhang, Jinlin Huang, Shoushan Fan & Charles M. Lieber. (1996) Phases and physical properties of carbon nitride thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Materials Science and Engineering: A 209:1-2, pages 5-9.
Crossref
I. Weaver & C.L.S. Lewis. (1996) Aspects of particulate production from metals exposed to pulsed laser radiation. Applied Surface Science 96-98, pages 663-667.
Crossref
K.-O. Grosse-Holz, J.F.M. Cillessen & R. Waser. (1996) Electrical characterization of semiconducting La doped SrTiO 3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Applied Surface Science 96-98, pages 784-790.
Crossref
A.A. Gorbunov, W. Pompe, A. Sewing, S.V. Gaponov, A.D. Akhsakhalyan, I.G. Zabrodin, I.A. Kas'kov, E.B. Klyenkov, A.P. Morozov, N.N. Salaschenko, R. Dietsch, H. Mai & S. Vo¨llmar. (1996) Ultrathin film deposition by pulsed laser ablation using crossed beams. Applied Surface Science 96-98, pages 649-655.
Crossref
Evgeny V. Pechen, Andrew V. Varlashkin, Sergey I. Krasnosvobodtsev & Karl F. Renk. (1996) Velocity filtration of pulsed-laser evaporents for deposition of smooth high-Tc superconducting films. Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 46:S3, pages 1509-1510.
Crossref
V. G. Panayotov, M. C. Kelly, G. G. Gomlak, T. L. T. Birdwhistell & B. D. Koplitz. (2011) Thin-Film Deposition Via Pulsed Laser Ablation. MRS Proceedings 441.
Crossref
L. Lynds & B. A. Woody. (1996) Sub-Doppler spectroscopy of 89Y. Journal of Applied Physics 79:2, pages 565.
Crossref
R. P. van Ingen. (1996) Detection of electric-field-ionized Rydberg atoms originating from laser ablation of Si. Journal of Applied Physics 79:1, pages 467-471.
Crossref
Katsumi Tanaka, Kazutaka Ishigoh & Ryohei Nakata. (1996) Pulsed 266 nm Laser Desorption of Aluminum, Hydrogen, and Water from H-Y Zeolites Studied with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Analysis. The Journal of Physical Chemistry 100:33, pages 14074-14080.
Crossref
Gabriela C. Weaver & Stephen R. Leone. (1996) Fragmentation and Recombination of Molecules during Laser Vaporization of Cryogenic Films. The Journal of Physical Chemistry 100:10, pages 4188-4192.
Crossref
Irving P. Herman. 1996. Optical Diagnostics for Thin Film Processing. Optical Diagnostics for Thin Film Processing 1 55 .
M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus & P.C. Eklund. 1996. Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes. Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes 110 142 .
K.-O. Grosse-Holz, J.F.M. Cillessen & R. Waser. 1996. Laser Ablation. Laser Ablation 784 790 .
I. Weaver & C.L.S. Lewis. 1996. Laser Ablation. Laser Ablation 663 667 .
A.A. Gorbunov, W. Pompe, A. Sewing, S.V. Gaponov, A.D. Akhsakhalyan, I.G. Zabrodin, I.A. Kas'kov, E.B. Klyenkov, A.P. Morozov, N.N. Salaschenko, R. Dietsch, H. Mai & S. Völlmar. 1996. Laser Ablation. Laser Ablation 649 655 .
J. C. Olson, H. A. Davis, D. J. Rej, W. J. Waganaar, R. W. Stinnett & D. C. Mc Intyre. (1996) Deposition and surface treatment with intense pulsed ion beams. Journal of Electronic Materials 25:1, pages 81-85.
Crossref
Z. John Zhang, Shoushan Fan, Jinlin Huang & Charles M. Lieber. (1996) Pulsed laser deposition and physical properties of carbon nitride thin films. Journal of Electronic Materials 25:1, pages 57-61.
Crossref
M. Fernández-Guasti, E. Haro-Poniatowski, R. Diamant, L. Ponce & E. Jiménez. (2004) Pulsed-laser deposition of selenium. Journal of Materials Science 30:24, pages 6253-6256.
Crossref
S.B. Qadri, J.S. Horwitz, D.B. Chrisey, R.C.Y. Auyeung & L.A. Knauss. (1995) X-ray characterization of epitaxial (Sr, Ba)TiO3 films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Surface and Coatings Technology 76-77, pages 348-351.
Crossref
Yukio Watanabe, Y. Seo, M. Tanamura, H. Asami & Y. Matsumoto. (1995) Compositional distribution of laser-deposited films and rapid sequential pulsed laser deposition. Journal of Applied Physics 78:8, pages 5126-5135.
Crossref
P C Zalm. (1995) Ultra shallow doping profiling with SIMS. Reports on Progress in Physics 58:10, pages 1321-1374.
Crossref
Michael A. Capano. (1995) Time-of-flight analysis of the plume dynamics of laser-ablated 6H-silicon carbide. Journal of Applied Physics 78:7, pages 4790-4792.
Crossref
S. Witanachchi & P. Mukherjee. (1995) Spot-size-dependent bifurcation of laser-ablated plumes. Journal of Applied Physics 78:6, pages 4099-4103.
Crossref
Yukio Watanabe, M. Tanamura, S. Matsumoto & Y. Seki. (1995) Laser power dependence of particulate formation on pulse laser deposited films. Journal of Applied Physics 78:3, pages 2029-2036.
Crossref
N. Lobstein, E. Millon, A. Hachimi, J.F. Muller, M. Alnot & J.J. Ehrhardt. (1995) Deposition by laser ablation and characterization of titanium dioxide films on polyethylene-terephthalate. Applied Surface Science 89:3, pages 307-321.
Crossref
Katsumi Tanaka, Takaaki Miyajima, Natsuki Shirai, Quan Zhuang & Ryohei Nakata. (1995) Laser photochemical ablation of CdWO4 studied with the time-of-flight mass spectrometric technique. Journal of Applied Physics 77:12, pages 6581-6587.
Crossref
Wenbiao Jiang, M. Grant Norton, Lancy Tsung & J. Thomas Dickinson. (2011) Pulsed-laser deposition of polytetrafluoroethylene. Journal of Materials Research 10:4, pages 1038-1043.
Crossref
Randolph E. Treece, Mike S. Osofsky, Earl F. Skelton, Syed B. Qadri, James S. Horwitz & Douglas B. Chrisey. (1995) New phase of superconducting NbN stabilized by heteroepitaxial film growth. Physical Review B 51:14, pages 9356-9359.
Crossref
J. Hermann, A. L. Thomann, C. Boulmer-Leborgne, B. Dubreuil, M. L. De Giorgi, A. Perrone, A. Luches & I. N. Mihailescu. (1995) Plasma diagnostics in pulsed laser TiN layer deposition. Journal of Applied Physics 77:7, pages 2928-2936.
Crossref
N J Appleyard, T J Jackson, R G Welch, E R Palenque & S B Palmer. (1995) Design and performance of an inexpensive substrate heater for off-axis thin film deposition. Measurement Science and Technology 6:3, pages 337-340.
Crossref
P. PAPAKONSTANTINOU, R. ATKINSON, I.W. SALTER & R. GERBER. (1995) CoTi-SUBSTITUTED Ba-FERRITE FILMS PREPARED BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION. Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 19:S_1_MORIS_94, pages S1_177-180.
Crossref
R.K. Singh & J. Fitz-Gerald. (2011) Laser - Assisted Synthesis of Unique Graded Surface Composites. MRS Proceedings 397.
Crossref
Robert E. Leuchtner. (2011) Pulsed Laser Deposition of ZnO: Energetic Rydberg State Atoms and Their Impact on Film Growth. MRS Proceedings 397.
Crossref
Robert Leuchtner, W. Brock, Y. Li & L. Hristakos. (2011) Low Temperature Growth of Oriented Gallium Nitride using Pulsed Laser Deposition. MRS Proceedings 395.
Crossref
W. P. Shen & H. S. Kwok. (2011) P-Type II-VI Compound Semiconductor Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition. MRS Proceedings 388.
Crossref
T J Jackson, N J Appleyard, M J Cooper, D H Richards & S B Palmer. (1995) Design of an elegant and inexpensive multiple target holder and laser beam scanner for use in laser-ablation deposition of thin films. Measurement Science and Technology 6:1, pages 128-130.
Crossref
. 1995. Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials. Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials 527 616 .
C. Miot, C. Proust, E. Husson, G. Blondiaux & J.P. Coutures. (1995) Laser ablation of barium titanate ceramics prepared by the citric route: The evolution of residual carbon content. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 15:2, pages 127-133.
Crossref
Martin von Allmen & Andreas BlatterMartin von Allmen & Andreas Blatter. 1995. Laser-Beam Interactions with Materials. Laser-Beam Interactions with Materials 115 165 .
D. H. Kim & H. S. Kwok. (1994) Pulsed laser deposition of VO2 thin films. Applied Physics Letters 65:25, pages 3188-3190.
Crossref
R. P. van Ingen. (1994) Angle-resolved time-of-flight spectrometry of neutrals laser ablated from Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. Journal of Applied Physics 76:12, pages 8065-8076.
Crossref
R. P. van Ingen. (1994) Ejection of positive ions from plasmas induced by laser ablation of Si and Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. Journal of Applied Physics 76:12, pages 8055-8064.
Crossref
T.Q. Qiu, T. Juhasz, C. Suarez, W.E. Bron & C.L. Tien. (1994) Femtosecond laser heating of multi-layer metals—II. Experiments. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 37:17, pages 2799-2808.
Crossref
E. Ahmed, A. E. Hill, R. D. Pilkington, R. D. Tomlinson, J. Levoska, O. Kusmartseva & J. Leppävuori. (2004) A comparative study of pulsed laser deposition and flash evaporation of Culn 0.75 Ga 0.25 Se 2 thin films . Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 4:6, pages 423-429.
Crossref
W. P. Shen & H. S. Kwok. (1994) Crystalline phases of II-VI compound semiconductors grown by pulsed laser deposition. Applied Physics Letters 65:17, pages 2162-2164.
Crossref
M S Rogalski, T J Jackson, I Bibicu & S B Palmer. (1994) Deposition of Fe 81 B 13.5 Si 3.5 C 2 films by excimer laser ablation and their structural investigation . Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 27:10, pages 2167-2170.
Crossref
T. Le Mercier, M. Quarton, M.-F. Fontaine, C. F. Hague & J.-M. Mariot. (1994) Near-surface defects created by 355 nm laser irradiation of rutile. Journal of Applied Physics 76:6, pages 3341-3346.
Crossref
O. P. Karpenko, C. H. Olk, S. M. Yalisove, J. F. Mansfield & G. L. Doll. (1994) Structural investigation of Fe silicide films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Journal of Applied Physics 76:4, pages 2202-2207.
Crossref
Sarath Witanachchi & Paul J. Wolf. (1994) Activated reactive laser deposition of GeO2 films. Journal of Applied Physics 76:4, pages 2185-2190.
Crossref
T J Jackson & S B Palmer. (1994) Oxide superconductor and magnetic metal thin film deposition by pulsed laser ablation: a review. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 27:8, pages 1581-1594.
Crossref
Paul J. Wolf. (1994) Time-integrated optical emission studies of plumes generated from laser ablated germania glass. Journal of Applied Physics 76:3, pages 1480-1486.
Crossref
R. P. van Ingen, R. H. J. Fastenau & E. J. Mittemeijer. (1994) Laser ablation deposition of Cu-Ni and Ag-Ni films: Nonconservation of alloy composition and film microstructure. Journal of Applied Physics 76:3, pages 1871-1883.
Crossref
A. Ishikawa, K. Tanahashi, Y. Yahisa, Y. Hosoe & Y. Shiroishi. (1994) Magnetic and crystallographic properties of Co-Cr-(Ta,Pt)/Cr films deposited by excimer laser ablation. Journal of Applied Physics 75:10, pages 5978-5980.
Crossref
R. P. van Ingen, R. H. J. Fastenau & E. J. Mittemeijer. (1994) Formation of crystalline solid solutions of unusually high supersaturation by laser ablation deposition . Physical Review Letters 72:19, pages 3116-3119.
Crossref
E. van de Riet, U.K.P. Biermann & J. Dieleman. (1994) A new method for the reduction of droplet deposition onto laser deposited thin metal films. Thin Solid Films 241:1-2, pages 134-137.
Crossref
R Naidoo, R Pretorius & C M Comrie. (1994) Formation of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-x thin films by pulsed ruby laser ablation . Superconductor Science and Technology 7:2, pages 57-66.
Crossref
R. Padiyath, Jayshree Seth & S.V. Babu. (1994) Deposition of copper oxide films by reactive laser ablation of copper formate in an r.f. oxygen plasma ambient. Thin Solid Films 239:1, pages 8-15.
Crossref
Jürg Hulliger. (2003) Chemistry and Crystal Growth. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 33:2, pages 143-162.
Crossref
Jürg Hulliger. (1994) Chemie und Kristallzüchtung. Angewandte Chemie 106:2, pages 151-171.
Crossref
. 1994. Surface Engineering. Surface Engineering 621 626 .
. 1994. Surface Engineering. Surface Engineering 556 572 .
Marc L. Simpson, John C. Miller & Doug H. Lowndes. (1994) Laser technology at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Laser technology at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
R.F. HaglundJr.Jr., D.H. OsborneJr.Jr., R.H. MagruderIIIIII, C.W. White, R.A. Zuhr, P.D. Townsend, D.E. Hole & R.E. Leuchtner. (2011) Fabrication and Modification of Metal Nanocluster Composites Using Ion and Laser Beams. MRS Proceedings 354.
Crossref
Robert Leuchtner. (2011) Mass Spectrometric Studies of Pulsed Laser Ablation: Existence of Rydberg State Atoms. MRS Proceedings 354.
Crossref
Akira Ishikawa, Yoshihiro Shiroishi & Robert Sinclair. (2011) Effects of Substrate Temperature on Magnetic and Crystallographic Properties of Co-Cr-Pt/Cr Films Deposited by Laser Ablation. MRS Proceedings 343.
Crossref
M. Grant Norton, Rand R. Biggers, I. Maartense, E. K. Moser & Jeff L. Brown. (2011) Examination of Particles and Outgrowths on the Surface of Epitaxial Yba 2 Cu 3 O 7 Thin Films . MRS Proceedings 341.
Crossref
Wenpin P. Shen & Hoi S. Kwok. (2011) Highly Doped P-Type and N-Type ZnS, ZnSe, CdS and CdSe Thin Films Growth by Pulsed Laser Deposition. MRS Proceedings 340.
Crossref
J. Diaz, S. Ferrer & F. Comin. (1994) STM studies of Si and C evaporation on Si (111) at RT by laser ablation. Microscopy Microanalysis Microstructures 5:1, pages 57-60.
Crossref
M. Grant Norton, Rand R. Biggers, Iman Maartense, E. K. Moser & Jeff L. Brown. (2020) Electron and scanning probe microscopies in the study of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 thin-film growth . Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52, pages 810-811.
Crossref
Charles M. Lieber & Chia-Chun Chen. 1994. 109 148 .

Displaying 200 of 320 citing articles. Use the download link below to view the full list of citing articles.

Download full citations list

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.