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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 11, 2009 - Issue 8: Recent Research on Sexuality in East Africa
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Original Articles

Social context, sexual risk perceptions and stigma: HIV vulnerability among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya

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Pages 811-826 | Received 28 Oct 2008, Accepted 17 Mar 2009, Published online: 04 Nov 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

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Jasmine M. Truong, Tareerat Chemnasiri, Andrea L. Wirtz, Sandra Hsu Hnin Mon, Anchalee Varangrat, Michele Decker, Surang Janyam, Danai Linjongrat, Pachara Sirivongrangson, Andrew C. Hickey, Brian W. Weir & Chris Beyrer. (2022) Diverse contexts and social factors among young cisgender men and transgender women who sell or trade sex in Bangkok and Pattaya, Thailand: formative research for a PrEP program implementation study. AIDS Care 34:11, pages 1443-1451.
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Molefi Motsoeneng. (2021) South African female sex workers’ interactions with law enforcement: An exploratory study. Journal of Psychology in Africa 31:6, pages 622-626.
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Gary Raine. (2021) Violence Against Male Sex Workers: A Systematic Scoping Review of Quantitative Data. Journal of Homosexuality 68:2, pages 336-357.
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Cecilia Benoit, S. Mikael Jansson, Michaela Smith & Jackson Flagg. (2018) Prostitution Stigma and Its Effect on the Working Conditions, Personal Lives, and Health of Sex Workers. The Journal of Sex Research 55:4-5, pages 457-471.
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Laura Nyblade, Aditi Reddy, David Mbote, John Kraemer, Melissa Stockton, Caroline Kemunto, Karol Krotki, Javier Morla, Stella Njuguna, Arin Dutta & Catherine Barker. (2017) The relationship between health worker stigma and uptake of HIV counseling and testing and utilization of non-HIV health services: the experience of male and female sex workers in Kenya. AIDS Care 29:11, pages 1364-1372.
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Dan Allman & Melissa Hope Ditmore. (2016) Introduction to the Culture, Health & Sexuality Virtual Special Issue on sex, sexuality and sex work. Culture, Health & Sexuality 18:12, pages i-viii.
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Miriam Midoun, Sylvia Shangani, Bibi Mbete, Shadrack Babu, Melissa Hackman, Elise M. van der Elst, Eduard J. Sanders, Adrian D. Smith & Don Operario. (2016) How intersectional constructions of sexuality, culture, and masculinity shape identities and sexual decision-making among men who have sex with men in coastal Kenya. Culture, Health & Sexuality 18:6, pages 625-638.
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Tsitsi B. Masvawure, Theo G. M. Sandfort, Vasu Reddy, Kate L. Collier & Tim Lane. (2015) ‘They think that gays have money’: gender identity and transactional sex among Black men who have sex with men in four South African townships. Culture, Health & Sexuality 17:7, pages 891-905.
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Kehinde Okanlawon, Ayo Stephen Adebowale & Ayotunde Titilayo. (2013) Sexual hazards, life experiences and social circumstances among male sex workers in Nigeria. Culture, Health & Sexuality 15:sup1, pages 22-33.
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Simone S. Monteiro, Wilza V. Villela & Priscilla S. Soares. (2013) The interaction between axes of inequality in studies on discrimination, stigma and HIV/AIDS: Contributions to the recent international literature. Global Public Health 8:5, pages 519-533.
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Nicholas Muraguri, Marleen Temmerman & Scott Geibel. (2012) A decade of research involving men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: Current knowledge and future directions. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 9:3, pages 137-147.
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Yasmina Katsulis & Alesha Durfee. (2012) Prevalence and correlates of sexual risk among male and female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico. Global Public Health 7:4, pages 367-383.
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Elizabeth Ngugi, Cecilia Benoit, Helga Hallgrimsdottir, Mikael Jansson & Eric Abella Roth. (2012) Partners and clients of female sex workers in an informal urban settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Culture, Health & Sexuality 14:1, pages 17-30.
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Opondo Awiti Ujiji, Anna Mia Ekström, Festus Ilako, Dorcas Indalo, David Wamalwa & Birgitta Rubenson. (2011) Reasoning and deciding PMTCT-adherence during pregnancy among women living with HIV in Kenya. Culture, Health & Sexuality 13:7, pages 829-840.
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Jerry Okal, MatthewF. Chersich, Sharon Tsui, Elizabeth Sutherland, Marleen Temmerman & Stanley Luchters. (2011) Sexual and physical violence against female sex workers in Kenya: a qualitative enquiry. AIDS Care 23:5, pages 612-618.
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Articles from other publishers (42)

Christine Tagliaferri Rael, Theo G. M. Sandfort, Peter Gichangi, Yves Lafort & Joanne E. Mantell. (2023) Condom Use Among Male Sex Workers With Their Male Clients in Mombasa, Kenya: Results of a Sub-analysis of a Pilot, Multilevel, Structural, HIV Risk-Reduction Intervention. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 34:3, pages 248-258.
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Michael G. Curtis & Joshua L. Boe. (2023) The Lived Experiences of Male Sex Workers: A Global Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. Sexes 4:2, pages 222-255.
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Emmy Kageha Igonya, Lorraine Nencel, Ida Sabelis & Grace Kimemia. (2022) Using Economic Diaries in an Ethnographic Study: What They Can Tell About the Financial and Daily Lives of Male and Female Sex Workers in Mombasa. Progress in Development Studies 23:1, pages 28-43.
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Mulumeoderhwa Buhendwa, Yvonne Sliep, Gugu Gladness Mchunu & Celenkosini Thembelenkosini Nxumalo. (2022) Exploring the Influence of Social Capital on HIV Prevention with Migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Living in Durban, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:1, pages 618.
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Nicholas Muraguri, Jerry O. Okal, Marleen Temmerman, Dunstan Mukoko, Helgar K. Musyoki & Peter Gichangi. (2022) Differences in HIV, STI and Other Risk Factors Among Younger and Older Male Sex Workers Who Have Sex With Men in Nairobi, Kenya. Frontiers in Reproductive Health 4.
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Pablo K. Valente, Alberto Edeza, Tsitsi B. Masvawure, Theo G. M. Sandfort, Peter B. Gichangi, Arjee J. Restar, Jack Ume Tocco, Sophie Vusha Chabeda, Yves Lafort & Joanne E. Mantell. (2020) Violence and Victimization in Interactions Between Male Sex Workers and Male Clients in Mombasa, Kenya. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37:3-4, pages NP1784-NP1810.
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Lesedi Mashumba. 2022. Gender, Disability, and Tourism in Africa. Gender, Disability, and Tourism in Africa 157 176 .
Rob Stephenson, Lynae A. Darbes, Tanaka Chavanduka, Zaynab Essack & Heidi van Rooyen. (2021) HIV Testing, Knowledge and Willingness to Use PrEP Among Partnered Men Who Have Sex With Men in South Africa and Namibia. AIDS and Behavior 25:7, pages 1993-2004.
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Della Giusta Marina & Hui Neha. 2020. Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics 1 29 .
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Theo Sandfort. 2021. Male Same-sex Sexuality and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. Male Same-sex Sexuality and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa 1 30 .
Kristine R. Hearld, Henna Budhwani, Macarena Martínez-Órdenes, Amber Altaf, Julia Hasbun & John Waters. (2020) Female Sex Workers’ Experiences of Violence and Substance Use on the Haitian, Dominican Republic Border. Annals of Global Health 86:1.
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Rachel King, Zubayiri Sebyala, Moses Ogwal, George Aluzimbi, Rose Apondi, Steven Reynolds, Patrick Sullivan & Wolfgang Hladik. (2020) How men who have sex with men experience HIV health services in Kampala, Uganda. BMJ Global Health 5:4, pages e001901.
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Pablo K. Valente, Joanne E. Mantell, Tsitsi B. Masvawure, Jack Ume Tocco, Arjee J. Restar, Peter Gichangi, Sophie Vusha Chabeda, Yves Lafort & Theo G. Sandfort. (2019) “I Couldn’t Afford to Resist”: Condom Negotiations Between Male Sex Workers and Male Clients in Mombasa, Kenya. AIDS and Behavior 24:3, pages 925-937.
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Samuel Brookfield, Judith Dean, Candi Forrest, Jesse Jones & Lisa Fitzgerald. (2019) Barriers to Accessing Sexual Health Services for Transgender and Male Sex Workers: A Systematic Qualitative Meta-summary. AIDS and Behavior 24:3, pages 682-696.
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Cheick Haïballa Kounta, Luis Sagaon-Teyssier, Pierre-Julien Coulaud, Marion Mora, Gwenaelle Maradan, Michel Bourrelly, Abdoul Aziz Keita, Stéphane-Alain Babo Yoro, Camille Anoma, Christian Coulibaly, Elias Ter Tiero Dah, Selom Agbomadji, Ephrem Mensah, Adeline Bernier, Clotilde Couderc, Bintou Dembélé Keita, Christian Laurent & Bruno Spire. (2019) Transactional sex among men who have sex with men participating in the CohMSM prospective cohort study in West Africa. PLOS ONE 14:11, pages e0217115.
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Naomi van Stapele, Lorraine Nencel & Ida Sabelis. (2018) On Tensions and Opportunities: Building Partnerships Between Government and Sex Worker-Led Organizations in Kenya in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS. Sexuality Research and Social Policy 16:2, pages 190-200.
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