793
Views
88
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Intraindividual Variability as a Marker of Neurological Dysfunction: A Comparison of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease

, , , &
Pages 67-83 | Accepted 07 Sep 2004, Published online: 16 Feb 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (19)

Karl S. Grewal, Megan E. O’Connell, Andrew Kirk, Stuart W. S. MacDonald & Debra Morgan. (2023) Intraindividual variability measured with dispersion across diagnostic groups in a memory clinic sample. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 30:6, pages 639-648.
Read now
Jeremy J. Davis, Anjali Sivaramakrishnan, Summer Rolin & Sandeep Subramanian. (2023) Intra-individual variability in cognitive performance predicts functional decline in Parkinson’s disease. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 0:0, pages 1-8.
Read now
Ana Sofia Costa, Imis Dogan, Jörg B. Schulz & Kathrin Reetz. (2019) Going beyond the mean: Intraindividual variability of cognitive performance in prodromal and early neurodegenerative disorders. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 33:2, pages 369-389.
Read now
Delphine Fagot, Christian Chicherio, Cédric T. Albinet, Nathalie André & Michel Audiffren. (2019) The impact of physical activity and sex differences on intraindividual variability in inhibitory performance in older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 26:1, pages 1-23.
Read now
Andrew J. Levine, Eileen Martin, Cynthia A. Munro, Ned Sacktor, Steve Horvath & James T. Becker. (2018) Intraindividual variability in neurocognitive performance: No influence due to HIV status or self-reported effort. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 40:10, pages 1044-1049.
Read now
Sarah Villard & Swathi Kiran. (2017) To what extent does attention underlie language in aphasia?. Aphasiology 31:10, pages 1226-1245.
Read now
Jacob H. G. Grand, Robert S. Stawski & Stuart W. S. MacDonald. (2016) Comparing individual differences in inconsistency and plasticity as predictors of cognitive function in older adults. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 38:5, pages 534-550.
Read now
Christie Yao, Robert S. Stawski, David F. Hultsch & Stuart W. S. MacDonald. (2016) Selective attrition and intraindividual variability in response time moderate cognitive change. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 38:2, pages 227-237.
Read now
Robert P. Fellows & Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe. (2015) Between-domain cognitive dispersion and functional abilities in older adults. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 37:10, pages 1013-1023.
Read now
Shannon Robertson. (2015) The influence of pre- and posterror responses on measures of intraindividual variability in younger and older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 22:5, pages 577-594.
Read now
Deborah Finkel & Nancy L. Pedersen. (2014) Genetic and environmental contributions to the associations between intraindividual variability in reaction time and cognitive function. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 21:6, pages 746-764.
Read now
Magdalena A. Wojtowicz, Yoko Ishigami, Erin L. Mazerolle & John D. Fisk. (2014) Stability of intraindividual variability as a marker of neurologic dysfunction in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 36:5, pages 455-463.
Read now
Annicka Hedman, Louise Nygård, Ove Almkvist & Anders Kottorp. (2013) Patterns of functioning in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a two-year study focusing on everyday technology use. Aging & Mental Health 17:6, pages 679-688.
Read now
Brian J. Ayotte, Jason C. Allaire & Keith E. Whitfield. (2013) Social support, physical functioning, and cognitive functioning among older African American adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 20:4, pages 494-510.
Read now
Susan Vanderhill, David F. Hultsch, Michael A. Hunter & Esther Strauss. (2010) Self-Reported Cognitive Inconsistency in Older Adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 17:4, pages 385-405.
Read now
Catherine L. Burton, Esther Strauss, David F. Hultsch & Michael A. Hunter. (2009) The Relationship between Everyday Problem Solving and Inconsistency in Reaction Time in Older Adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 16:5, pages 607-632.
Read now
Esther Strauss, AllisonA. M. Bielak, David Bunce, MichaelA. Hunter & DavidF. Hultsch. (2007) Within-Person Variability in Response Speed as an Indicator of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 14:6, pages 608-630.
Read now
StuartW.S. Macdonald, DavidF. Hultsch & David Bunce. (2006) Intraindividual Variability in Vigilance Performance: Does Degrading Visual Stimuli Mimic Age-Related “Neural Noise”?. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 28:5, pages 655-675.
Read now
Andrew J. Aschenbrenner & Joshua J. Jackson. High-frequency assessment of mood, personality, and cognition in healthy younger, healthy older and adults with cognitive impairment. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 0:0, pages 1-18.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (69)

Paola Ortelli, Viviana Versace, Leopold Saltuari, Anna Randi, Jakob Stolz, Sabrina Dezi, Roberto Maestri, Susanne Buechner, Nir Giladi, Antonio Oliviero, Luca Sebastianelli & Davide Ferrazzoli. (2023) Looking deeper: does a connection exist between fatigue and attentional deficits in Parkinson's disease? A conceptual framework. Frontiers in Neurology 14.
Crossref
Kaitlin Elizabeth Riegler, Erin T. Guty, Garrett A. Thomas, Megan L. Bradson & Peter A. Arnett. (2023) Prospective Implications of Insufficient Sleep for Athletes. Journal of Athletic Training 58:5, pages 414-422.
Crossref
Garrett A Thomas, Kaitlin E Riegler, Megan L Bradson, Dede U O’Shea & Peter A Arnett. (2023) Subjective Report, Objective Neurocognitive Performance, and “Invisible Symptoms” in Multiple Sclerosis. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 38:2, pages 169-181.
Crossref
Axel Gänsslen, Ingo Schmehl & Alexander Ruhe. 2023. Die Gehirnerschütterung. Die Gehirnerschütterung 109 120 .
Samantha D. Roberts, Alyssia Wilson, Alma Rahimi, Diana Gorbet, Lauren Sergio, W. Dale Stevens & Magdalena Wojtowicz. (2022) Investigation of baseline attention, executive control, and performance variability in female varsity athletes. Brain Imaging and Behavior 16:4, pages 1636-1645.
Crossref
Garrett A. Thomas, Kaitlin E. Riegler, Megan L. Bradson, Dede U. O’Shea & Peter A. Arnett. (2022) Relationship between subjective report and objective assessment of neurocognitive functioning in persons with multiple sclerosis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, pages 1-8.
Crossref
Kaitlin E. Riegler, Margaret Cadden, Erin T. Guty, Jared M. Bruce & Peter A. Arnett. (2021) Perceived Fatigue Impact and Cognitive Variability in Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 28:3, pages 281-291.
Crossref
Saana M. Korkki, Goran Papenberg, Nina Karalija, Douglas D. Garrett, Katrine Riklund, Martin Lövdén, Ulman Lindenberger, Lars Nyberg & Lars Bäckman. (2021) Fronto-striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with cognitive variability in older individuals with low dopamine integrity. Scientific Reports 11:1.
Crossref
Kamar Chehimy, Ramzi Halabi, Mohamad O. Diab, Mahmoud Hassan & Ahmad Mheich. (2021) Comparing Healthy Subjects and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients using Brain Network Similarity: a Preliminary Study. Comparing Healthy Subjects and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients using Brain Network Similarity: a Preliminary Study.
Matthew J. D. Pilgrim, Zhen-Yi Andy Ou & Madeleine Sharp. (2021) Exploring reward-related attention selectivity deficits in Parkinson’s disease. Scientific Reports 11:1.
Crossref
Eleni Pappa, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Constantine Potagas, Efstratios Karavasilis, Georgios Velonakis, Nikolaos Kelekis, Christoph Klein & Nikolaos Smyrnis. (2021) Functional brain imaging of speeded decision processing in Parkinson's disease and comparison with Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 314, pages 111312.
Crossref
Runzhu Zhang, Xiaohui Yang, Danni Liu, Wei Lü & Zhenhong Wang. (2020) Intraindividual reaction time variability, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and children's externalizing problems. International Journal of Psychophysiology 157, pages 1-10.
Crossref
S. Belleville, A. Moussard, A. I. Ansaldo, P. Belchior, L. Bherer, N. Bier, V. D. Bohbot, M.-A. Bruneau, L. L. Cuddy, B. Gilbert, R. Jokel, K. Mahalingam, K. McGilton, K. J. Murphy, G. Naglie, E. Rochon, A. K. Troyer & N. D. Anderson. (2019) Rationale and protocol of the ENGAGE study: a double-blind randomized controlled preference trial using a comprehensive cohort design to measure the effect of a cognitive and leisure-based intervention in older adults with a memory complaint. Trials 20:1.
Crossref
Erin M. Jonaitis, Rebecca L. Koscik, Lindsay R. Clark, Yue Ma, Tobey J. Betthauser, Sara E. Berman, Samantha L. Allison, Kimberly D. Mueller, Bruce P. Hermann, Carol A. Van Hulle, Bradley T. Christian, Barbara B. Bendlin, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Sanjay Asthana & Sterling C. Johnson. (2018) Measuring longitudinal cognition: Individual tests versus composites. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring 11:1, pages 74-84.
Crossref
Simon Wallace, Sarah E. Morton & Richard J. Linscott. (2019) Relationships between intra-individual variability and subclinical psychosis. Psychiatry Research 281, pages 112592.
Crossref
G. Salunkhe, B. Feige, C.W.N. Saville, T.M. Lancaster, M.E. Stefanou, S. Bender, A. Berger, N. Smyrnis, M. Biscaldi, D.E.J. Linden & C. Klein. (2019) The impact of the COMT genotype and cognitive demands on facets of intra-subject variability. Brain and Cognition 132, pages 72-79.
Crossref
Victoria C. Merritt, Alexandra L. Clark, Laura D. Crocker, Scott F. Sorg, Madeleine L. Werhane, Mark W. Bondi, Dawn M. Schiehser & Lisa Delano-Wood. (2018) Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in military veterans is associated with increased neuropsychological intra-individual variability. Neuropsychologia 119, pages 340-348.
Crossref
David P. Sheppard, Steven Paul Woods, Rodrigo Hasbun, Lucrecia Salazar, Melissa S. Nolan & Kristy O. Murray. (2018) Does intra-individual neurocognitive variability relate to neuroinvasive disease and quality of life in West Nile Virus?. Journal of NeuroVirology 24:4, pages 506-513.
Crossref
John Wallert, Eric Westman, Johnny Ulinder, Mathilde Annerstedt, Beata Terzis & Urban Ekman. (2018) Differentiating Patients at the Memory Clinic With Simple Reaction Time Variables: A Predictive Modeling Approach Using Support Vector Machines and Bayesian Optimization. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 10.
Crossref
Björn U. Christ, Marc I. Combrinck & Kevin G. F. Thomas. (2018) Both Reaction Time and Accuracy Measures of Intraindividual Variability Predict Cognitive Performance in Alzheimer's Disease. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12.
Crossref
Victoria C Merritt, Amanda R Rabinowitz & Peter A Arnett. (2018) The Influence of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Gene on Subacute Post-Concussion Neurocognitive Performance in College Athletes. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 33:1, pages 36-46.
Crossref
Sarah Villard & Swathi Kiran. (2018) Between-session and within-session intra-individual variability in attention in aphasia. Neuropsychologia 109, pages 95-106.
Crossref
Alexandre Chauvin, Hilary D. Duncan & Natalie A. Phillips. 2017. Growing Old with Two Languages. Growing Old with Two Languages 219 242 .
Margaret T. Davis, Nicole DellaGioia, David Matuskey, Brian Harel, Paul Maruff, Robert H. Pietrzak & Irina Esterlis. (2017) Preliminary evidence concerning the pattern and magnitude of cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder using cogstate measures. Journal of Affective Disorders 218, pages 82-85.
Crossref
Hanna Lu, Sandra S. M. Chan & Linda C. W. Lam. (2017) ‘Two-level’ measurements of processing speed as cognitive markers in the differential diagnosis of DSM-5 mild neurocognitive disorders (NCD). Scientific Reports 7:1.
Crossref
Nathalie Mella, Emmanuelle Grob, Salomé Döll, Paolo Ghisletta & Anik de Ribaupierre. (2017) Leisure Activities and Change in Cognitive Stability: A Multivariate Approach. Brain Sciences 7:12, pages 27.
Crossref
Sarah Villard. (2017) Potential Implications of Attention Deficits for Treatment and Recovery in Aphasia. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2:2, pages 7-14.
Crossref
Drew W.R. Halliday, Robert S. Stawski & Stuart W.S. MacDonald. (2016) Cognitively-Impaired-Not-Demented Status Moderates the Time-Varying Association between Finger Tapping Inconsistency and Executive Performance. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology.
Crossref
Alyssa A. Gamaldo & Jason C. Allaire. (2015) Daily Fluctuations in Everyday Cognition. Journal of Aging and Health 28:5, pages 834-849.
Crossref
Christie Yao, Jill B. Rich, Ian F. Tannock, Bostjan Seruga, Kattleya Tirona & Lori J. Bernstein. (2016) Pretreatment Differences in Intraindividual Variability in Reaction Time between Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer and Healthy Controls. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22:5, pages 530-539.
Crossref
Sarah E. Monsell, Hiroko H. Dodge, Xiao-Hua Zhou, Yunqi Bu, Lilah M. Besser, Charles Mock, Stephen E. Hawes, Walter A. Kukull & Sandra Weintraub. (2016) Results From the NACC Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery Crosswalk Study. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 30:2, pages 134-139.
Crossref
Alessandro Tomassini, Diane Ruge, Joseph M. Galea, William Penny & Sven Bestmann. (2016) The Role of Dopamine in Temporal Uncertainty. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28:1, pages 96-110.
Crossref
Nathalie Mella, Delphine Fagot, Thierry Lecerf & Anik de Ribaupierre. (2014) Working memory and intraindividual variability in processing speed: A lifespan developmental and individual-differences study. Memory & Cognition 43:3, pages 340-356.
Crossref
Sarah Villard & Swathi Kiran. (2015) Between-session intra-individual variability in sustained, selective, and integrational non-linguistic attention in aphasia. Neuropsychologia 66, pages 204-212.
Crossref
Erin E. Morgan, Katie L. Doyle, Arpi Minassian, Brook L. Henry, William Perry, Thomas D. Marcotte, Steven Paul Woods & Igor Grant. (2014) Elevated intraindividual variability in methamphetamine dependence is associated with poorer everyday functioning. Psychiatry Research 220:1-2, pages 527-534.
Crossref
Patrizia Bisiacchi, Giorgia Cona, Vincenza Tarantino, Sami Schiff, Sara Montagnese, Piero Amodio & Giovanna Capizzi. (2014) Assessing inter- and intra-individual cognitive variability in patients at risk for cognitive impairment: the case of minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Metabolic Brain Disease 29:4, pages 945-953.
Crossref
Ye Seul Shin, Sung Nyun Kim, Na Young Shin, Wi Hoon Jung, Ji-Won Hur, Min Soo Byun, Joon Hwan Jang, Suk Kyoon An & Jun Soo Kwon. (2013) Increased Intra-Individual Variability of Cognitive Processing in Subjects at Risk Mental State and Schizophrenia Patients. PLoS ONE 8:11, pages e78354.
Crossref
Michelle Phillips, Peter Rogers, Judy Haworth, Antony Bayer & Andrea Tales. (2013) Intra-Individual Reaction Time Variability in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: Gender, Processing Load and Speed Factors. PLoS ONE 8:6, pages e65712.
Crossref
Magdalena Wojtowicz, Antonina Omisade & John D. Fisk. (2013) Indices of Cognitive Dysfunction in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Intra-individual Variability, Processing Speed, and Attention Network Efficiency. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 19:5, pages 551-558.
Crossref
Philippe Golay, Delphine Fagot & Thierry Lecerf. (2013) Against coefficient of variation for estimation of intraindividual variability with accuracy measures. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology 9:1, pages 6-14.
Crossref
Paolo Ghisletta, Delphine Fagot, Thierry Lecerf & Anik de Ribaupierre. (2013) Amplitude of Fluctuations and Temporal Dependency in Intraindividual Variability. GeroPsych 26:3, pages 141-151.
Crossref
Erin L. Mazerolle, Magdalena A. Wojtowicz, Antonina Omisade & John D. Fisk. (2013) Intra-individual variability in information processing speed reflects white matter microstructure in multiple sclerosis. NeuroImage: Clinical 2, pages 894-902.
Crossref
Timothy A. Salthouse. (2012) Psychometric Properties of Within-Person Across-Session Variability in Accuracy of Cognitive Performance. Assessment 19:4, pages 494-501.
Crossref
Jochen Michely, Michael T. Barbe, Felix Hoffstaedter, Lars Timmermann, Simon B. Eickhoff, Gereon R. Fink & Christian Grefkes. (2012) Differential effects of dopaminergic medication on basic motor performance and executive functions in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 50:10, pages 2506-2514.
Crossref
Magdalena Wojtowicz, Lindsay I. Berrigan & John D. Fisk. (2012) Intra-individual Variability as a Measure of Information Processing Difficulties in Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of MS Care 14:2, pages 77-83.
Crossref
Cindy M. de Frias, Roger A. Dixon & Richard Camicioli. (2012) Neurocognitive Speed and Inconsistency in Parkinson's Disease with and without Incipient Dementia: An 18-Month Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18:4, pages 764-772.
Crossref
D. R. Denney, A. J. Hughes, E. M. Owens & S. G. Lynch. (2011) Deficits in Planning Time but not Performance in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 27:2, pages 148-158.
Crossref
Wendy S. Ramratan, Laura A. Rabin, Cuiling Wang, Molly E. Zimmerman, Mindy J. Katz, Richard B. Lipton & Herman Buschke. (2012) Level of Recall, Retrieval Speed, and Variability on the Cued-Recall Retrieval Speed Task (CRRST) in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18:2, pages 260-268.
Crossref
R.C. MacPhail, J.D. Farmer & K.A. Jarema. (2012) Toluene effects on the motor activity of adolescent, young-adult, middle-age and senescent male Brown Norway rats. NeuroToxicology 33:1, pages 111-118.
Crossref
Christopher W.N. Saville, Ralph Pawling, Mark Trullinger, David Daley, James Intriligator & Christoph Klein. (2011) On the stability of instability: Optimising the reliability of intra-subject variability of reaction times. Personality and Individual Differences 51:2, pages 148-153.
Crossref
Masayuki Watanabe & Douglas P. Munoz. (2011) Probing basal ganglia functions by saccade eye movements. European Journal of Neuroscience 33:11, pages 2070-2090.
Crossref
Christopher W.N. Saville, Reem O. Dean, David Daley, James Intriligator, Stephan Boehm, Bernd Feige & Christoph Klein. (2011) Electrocortical correlates of intra-subject variability in reaction times: Average and single-trial analyses. Biological Psychology 87:1, pages 74-83.
Crossref
Joe Verghese & Xiaonan Xue. (2011) Predisability and gait patterns in older adults. Gait & Posture 33:1, pages 98-101.
Crossref
Ava-Ann Allman, Chawki Benkelfat, France Durand, Igor Sibon, Alain Dagher, Marco Leyton, Glen B. Baker & Gillian A. O’Driscoll. (2010) Effect of d-amphetamine on inhibition and motor planning as a function of baseline performance. Psychopharmacology 211:4, pages 423-433.
Crossref
Lars Bäckman, Ulman Lindenberger, Shu-Chen Li & Lars Nyberg. (2010) Linking cognitive aging to alterations in dopamine neurotransmitter functioning: Recent data and future avenues. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 34:5, pages 670-677.
Crossref
Tyler J. Story & Deborah K. Attix. 2010. Principles and Practice of Lifespan Developmental Neuropsychology. Principles and Practice of Lifespan Developmental Neuropsychology 41 54 .
Stuart W.S. MacDonald, Simon Cervenka, Lars Farde, Lars Nyberg & Lars Bäckman. (2009) Extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor binding modulates intraindividual variability in episodic recognition and executive functioning. Neuropsychologia 47:11, pages 2299-2304.
Crossref
Tamara L. Hayes, Francena Abendroth, Andre Adami, Misha Pavel, Tracy A. Zitzelberger & Jeffrey A. Kaye. (2008) Unobtrusive assessment of activity patterns associated with mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's & Dementia 4:6, pages 395-405.
Crossref
Donald T. Stuss & Malcolm A. Binns. 2015. Cognitive Neurorehabilitation. Cognitive Neurorehabilitation 39 61 .
Sharon J. Krinsky-McHale, Darlynne A. Devenny, Phyllis Kittler & Wayne Silverman. (2008) Selective Attention Deficits Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease in Adults With Down Syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation 113:5, pages 369-386.
Crossref
Ellen Gorus, Rudi De Raedt, Margareta Lambert, Jean-Claude Lemper & Tony Mets. (2008) Reaction Times and Performance Variability in Normal Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 21:3, pages 204-218.
Crossref
L. H. P. Eggermont & E. J. A. Scherder. (2008) Ambulatory but Sedentary: Impact on Cognition and the Rest-Activity Rhythm in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 63:5, pages P279-P287.
Crossref
Richard M. Camicioli, Marguerite Wieler, Cindy M. de Frias & W.R. Wayne Martin. (2008) Early, untreated Parkinson's disease patients show reaction time variability. Neuroscience Letters 441:1, pages 77-80.
Crossref
Stuart W. S. MacDonald, Lars Nyberg, Johan Sandblom, Håkan Fischer & Lars Bäckman. (2008) Increased Response-time Variability is Associated with Reduced Inferior Parietal Activation during Episodic Recognition in Aging. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20:5, pages 779-786.
Crossref
D. Bunce, M. Tzur, A. Ramchurn, F. Gain & F. W. Bond. (2008) Mental Health and Cognitive Function in Adults Aged 18 to 92 Years. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 63:2, pages P67-P74.
Crossref
Allison A. M. Bielak, Tiffany F. Hughes, Brent J. Small & Roger A. Dixon. (2007) It's Never Too Late to Engage in Lifestyle Activities: Significant Concurrent but not Change Relationships Between Lifestyle Activities and Cognitive Speed. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B 62:6, pages P331-P339.
Crossref
Ellen Gorus, Margareta Lambert, Rudi De Raedt & Tony Mets. (2007) The Influence of Galantamine on Reaction Time, Attention Processes, and Performance Variability in Elderly Alzheimer Patients. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 27:2, pages 182-187.
Crossref
Cindy M. de Frias, Roger A. Dixon, Nancy Fisher & Richard Camicioli. (2007) Intraindividual variability in neurocognitive speed: A comparison of Parkinson's disease and normal older adults. Neuropsychologia 45:11, pages 2499-2507.
Crossref
Stuart W.S. MacDonald, Lars Nyberg & Lars Bäckman. (2006) Intra-individual variability in behavior: links to brain structure, neurotransmission and neuronal activity. Trends in Neurosciences 29:8, pages 474-480.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.