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Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Volume 20, 2020 - Issue 1
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Fixed dose drug combinations – are they pharmacoeconomically sound? Findings and implications especially for lower- and middle-income countries

Brian Godmana Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK;b Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa;c Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;d School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MalaysiaCorrespondence[email protected] [email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6539-6972View further author information
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Holly McCabee Department of Management Science, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UKView further author information
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Trudy D Leongf Essential Drugs Programme, Affordable Medicines Directorate, South African National Department of Health, Pretoria, South AfricaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-7751View further author information
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Debjani Muellerg Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;h Charlotte Maxeke Medical Research Cluster, Johannesburg, South AfricaView further author information
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Antony P. Martini Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK;j HCD Economics, The Innovation Centre, Daresbury, UKORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-6038View further author information
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Iris Hoxhak Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana, AlbaniaView further author information
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Julius C. Mwital Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, BotswanaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-3684View further author information
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Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegereram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana and Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, BotswanaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-6065View further author information
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Amos Masselen Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, BotswanaView further author information
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Juliana de Oliveira Costao SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment & Excellence in Health, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;p Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Saúde Pública, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;q Centre for Big Data Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-023XView further author information
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Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do Nascimentoa Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK;r Departament of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, BrazilORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7756-2157View further author information
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Livia Lovato Pires de Lemoso SUS Collaborating Centre for Technology Assessment & Excellence in Health, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;p Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Saúde Pública, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-515XView further author information
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Konstantin Tachkovs Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, BulgariaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-7556View further author information
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Petya Milushewas Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, BulgariaView further author information
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Okwen Patrickt Effective Basic Services (Ebase) Africa, Bamenda, Cameroon, Africa;u Adelaide University, Adelaide, AustraliaView further author information
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Loveline Lum Nibat Effective Basic Services (Ebase) Africa, Bamenda, Cameroon, Africa;v Department of Public Health, University of Bamenda, Bambili, CameroonView further author information
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Ott Laiusw State Agency of Medicines, Tartu, EstoniaView further author information
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Israel Sefahx Department of Pharmacy, Keta Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, GhanaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-0519View further author information
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Suhaj Abdulsalimy Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi ArabiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-9848View further author information
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Fatemeh Soleymaniz Pharmaceutical Management & Economic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;aa Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6920-8796View further author information
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Anastasia N Guantaibb Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaView further author information
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Loice Achiengcc Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-8792View further author information
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Margaret Olukabb Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaView further author information
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Arianit Jakupidd UBT– Higher Education Institution, Prishtina, KosovoView further author information
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Konstantīns Logvissee Institute of Public Health & Department of Dosage Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, LatviaView further author information
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Mohamed Azmi Hassalid School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MalaysiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9575-403XView further author information
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Dan Kibuuleff Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, NamibiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6908-2177View further author information
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Francis Kalemeeraff Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, NamibiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4320-5087View further author information
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Mwangana Mubitaff Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, NamibiaView further author information
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Joseph Fadaregg Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria;hh Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, NigeriaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-1402View further author information
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Olayinka O. Ogunleyeii Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria;jj Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, NigeriaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-1909View further author information
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Zikria Saleemkk Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-6347View further author information
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Shazhad Hussainll National Institute of Health, Islamabad, PakistanView further author information
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Tomasz Bochenekmm Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, PolandORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-7267View further author information
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Ileana Mardarenn Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Management Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, RomaniaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4725-9808View further author information
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Alian A. Alrasheedyoo Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi ArabiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3617-7425View further author information
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Jurij Furstpp Health Insurance Institute, Ljubljana, SloveniaView further author information
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Dominik Tomekqq Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, SlovakiaView further author information
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Vanda Markovic-Pekovicrr Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and HerzegovinaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-5720View further author information
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Enos M. Rampambab Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa;ss Department of Pharmacy, Tshilidzini Hospital, Limpopo Department of Health, Limpopo Province, South AfricaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-9104View further author information
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Abubakr Alfadloo Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;tt Medicines and Poison Board, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, SudanORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-1408View further author information
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Adefolarin A Amuuu Eswatini Medical Christian University, Mbabane, Kingdom of EswatiniView further author information
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Zinhle Matsebulavv Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital, Manzini, Kingdom of EswatiniView further author information
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Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuongww Pharmaceutical Administration & PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, VietnamORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-5276View further author information
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Binh Nguyen Thanhww Pharmaceutical Administration & PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, VietnamView further author information
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Aubrey Chichonyi Kalungiaxx Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, ZambiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-1236View further author information
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Trust Zaranyikayy Department Of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, ZimbabweORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4363-7709View further author information
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Nyasha Masukazz Independent Health Systems Consultant, Harare, ZimbabweORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-8626View further author information
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Ioana D. Olaruaaa Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;bbb Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, ZimbabweORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-9257View further author information
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Janney Waleccc Independent Consumer Advocate, Brunswick, Victoria, AustraliaView further author information
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Ruaraidh Hillddd Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Whelan Building, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UKORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-0505View further author information
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Amanj Kurdia Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK;eee Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, IraqORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-1988View further author information
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Angela Timoneya Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK;fff NHS Lothian Director of Pharmacy, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UKView further author information
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Stephen Campbellggg Centre for Primary Care, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;hhh NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2328-4136View further author information
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Johanna C. Meyerb Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South AfricaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-5713View further author information
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Pages 1-26 | Received 17 Jan 2020, Accepted 21 Feb 2020, Published online: 01 Apr 2020

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