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Original Articles

Toxicological properties of phosphorothioate and related esters present as impurities in technical organophosphorus insecticides

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Pages 481-497 | Received 26 Feb 1980, Accepted 26 Jul 1980, Published online: 15 Oct 2009

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Read on this site (6)

N. M. Aly & K. S. El‐Gendy. (2000) Effect of dimethoate on the immune system of female mice. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 35:1, pages 77-86.
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Shiquan Xiong & Kathleen Rodgers. (1997) EFFECTS OF MALATHION METABOLITES ON DEGRANULATION OF AND MEDIATOR RELEASE BY HUMAN AND RAT BASOPHILIC CELLS. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 51:2, pages 159-175.
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I. K. Thomas, A. Koizumi & T. Imamura. (1986) Suppressive effect of O,O‐dimethyl, S‐ethyl phosphorothioate on immune response. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 19:4, pages 465-476.
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G. T. Brooks. (1986) Insecticide metabolism and selective toxicity. Xenobiotica 16:10-11, pages 989-1002.
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FouadA. F. Ali & T. R. Fukuto. (1983) Toxicological properties of O,O,S‐trialkyl phosphorothioates. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 12:4-6, pages 591-598.
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J. Gary Hollingshaus, David Armstrong, RobertF. Toia, Linda McCloud & T. Roy Fukuto. (1981) Delayed toxicity and delayed neurotoxicity of phosphorothioate and phosphonothioate esters. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 8:4, pages 619-627.
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Articles from other publishers (56)

Kumiko Taira, Yoshiko Aoyama & Miwako Kawamata. (2006) Long QT and ST-T change associated with organophosphate exposure by aerial spray. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 22:1, pages 40-45.
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Stephanie Padilla. 2006. Toxicology of Organophosphate & Carbamate Compounds. Toxicology of Organophosphate & Carbamate Compounds 607 615 .
Harry Salem & Bryan Ballantyne. 2006. Toxicology of Organophosphate & Carbamate Compounds. Toxicology of Organophosphate & Carbamate Compounds 399 410 .
Jan E. Storm. 2003. Patty's Toxicology. Patty's Toxicology.
Kathleen Rodgers & Shiquan Xiong. (1997) Effect of acute administration of malathion by oral and dermal routes on serum histamine levels. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 19:8, pages 437-441.
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Kathleen Rodgers & Shiquan Xiong. (1997) Contribution of inflammatory mast cell mediators to alterations in macrophage function after malathion administration. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 19:3, pages 149-156.
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Janice E. Chambers & Russell L. Carr. (1995) Biochemical mechanisms contributing to species differences in insecticidal toxicity. Toxicology 105:2-3, pages 291-304.
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O. Takahashi. (1995) Haemorrhagic toxicity of a large dose of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols, ubiquinone, β-carotene, retinol Acetate and l-ascorbic acid in the rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology 33:2, pages 121-128.
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Thomas Meade & J. Daniel Hare. (2011) Effects of genetic and environmental host plant variation on the susceptibility of two noctuids to Bacillus thuringiensis . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 70:2, pages 165-178.
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Janice E. Chambers & Gary D. Dorough. 1994. Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures. Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures 135 155 .
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R.E. Grissom & P.V. Shah. 1992. Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates. Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates 321 333 .
David Dinsdale. 1992. Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates. Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates 156 166 .
Kathleen Rodgers & Dolph Ellefson. (1992) Mechanism of the modulation of murine peritoneal cell function and mast cell degranulation by low doses of malathion. Agents and Actions 35:1-2, pages 57-63.
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J. T. Trumble, W. J. Moar, M. J. Brewer & W. G. Carson. (1991) Impact of UV radiation on activity of linear furanocoumarins andBacillus thuringiensis var.Kurstaki againstSpodoptera exigua: Implications for tritrophic interactions. Journal of Chemical Ecology 17:5, pages 973-987.
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Songsarkdi Keadtisuke, Watanaporn Dheranetra, Tsutomu Nakatsugawa & T.R. Fukuto. (1990) Liver damage induced in rats by malathion impurities. Toxicology Letters 52:1, pages 35-46.
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Jun‐ichi Hasegawa, Yasuhiko Wada, Masato Sageshima, Masahiro Suzuki, Sigetosi Kamiyama, Nobuo Abe & Akio Koizumi. (2009) Structure and Pulmonary Toxicity Relationship on O,O‐Dimethyl S‐Alkyl Phosphorothioate Esters. Pharmacology & Toxicology 66:5, pages 367-372.
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Stephen K. Durham & Marion J.J. Gijbels. (1989) Long-term morphologic and biochemical changes induced by O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate in the rat lung. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 98:3, pages 465-474.
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Stephen K. Durham & Toshiko Imamura. (1988) Morphogenesis of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate-induced pulmonary injury in mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 96:3, pages 417-428.
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Benoit Nemery & W.Norman Aldridge. (1988) Studies on the metabolism of the pneumotoxin O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate—II. Biochemical Pharmacology 37:19, pages 3717-3722.
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Stephen K. Durham, Lawrence E. Mezza & Toshiko Imamura. (1988) Pulmonary endothelial and alveolar epithelial lesions induced byO,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate in rats. The Journal of Pathology 155:3, pages 247-257.
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K. E. Rodgers & D. D. Ellefson. (1988) Effects of acute administration of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate on the respiratory burst and phagocytic activity of splenic and peritoneal leukocytes. Agents and Actions 24:1-2, pages 152-160.
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A. Koizumi, M. Montalbo, O. Nguyen, L. Hasegawa & T. Imamura. (1988) Neonatal death and lung injury in rats caused by intrauterine exposure to O,O,S-trimethylphosphorothioate. Archives of Toxicology 61:5, pages 378-386.
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D.M.F. Salvadori, L.R. Ribeiro, C.A.B. Pereira & W. Beçak. (1988) Cytogenetic effects of malathion insecticide on somatic and germ cells of mice. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 204:2, pages 283-287.
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Toshiko Imamura & Jay Gandy. (1988) Pulmonary toxicity of phosphorothioate impurities found in organophosphate insecticides. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 38:3, pages 419-427.
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Watanaporn Dheranetra, Songsarkdi Keadtisuke, Frank E. Swatek & T.R. Fukuto. (1988) Renal effects in the delayed toxicity of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 30:1, pages 95-100.
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James P. Kehrer & Yu-Chen C. Lee. (1987) Pulmonary hydroxyproline content and production following treatment of mice with O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate. Toxicology Letters 38:3, pages 321-327.
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Furukawa Noboru, Nakamura Hitoshi, Sato Masuo & Suzuki Yasuo. (1987) Induction of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 system by trialkyl phosphorothioates in rats. Biochemical Pharmacology 36:8, pages 1291-1296.
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Jay Gandy & Toshiko Imamura. (1987) A phosphorothionate isomer protects against the pneumotoxicity caused by O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 87:3, pages 498-508.
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Kathy E. Rodgers, Nancy Leung, Carl F. Ware & Toshiko Imamura. (1987) Effects of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate on immune function. Toxicology 43:2, pages 201-216.
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Joel R. Coats. 1987. Nutritional Toxicology. Nutritional Toxicology 249 279 .
B. Nemery. 1987. Toxicology of Pesticides. Toxicology of Pesticides 297 303 .
K.E. Rodgers, T. Imamura & B.H. Devens. (1986) Organophosphorus pesticide immunotoxicity: effects of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate on cellular and humoral immune response systems. Immunopharmacology 12:3, pages 193-202.
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Songsarkdi Keadtisuke & T.Roy Fukuto. (1986) Hyperamino aciduria induced in rats by O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 26:3, pages 375-381.
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James P. Kehrer, Andres J.P. Klein-Szanto, David E. Thurston, Robert C. Lindenschmidt & Hanspeter R. Witschi. (1986) O,S,S,-Trimethyl phosphorodithioate-induced lung damage in rats and mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 84:3, pages 480-492.
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Imad K. Thomas & Toshiko Imamura. (1986) Modulation of cellular and humoral immune responses by O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate, an impurity of commercial malathion. Toxicology 39:1, pages 1-12.
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Noboru Furukawa, Masuo Sato & Yasuo Suzuki. (1986) Effects of alkyl phosphorothioates on the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase system in rats. Biochemical Pharmacology 35:6, pages 1019-1026.
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Kathy E. Rodgers, Toshiko Imamura & Bruce H. Devens. (1985) Investigations into the mechanism of immunosuppression caused by acute treatment with O,O,Sttrimethyl phosphorothioate. I. Characterization of the immune cell population affected. Immunopharmacology 10:3, pages 171-180.
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Kathleen E. Rodgers, Marcia H. Grayson, Toshiko Imamura & Bruce H. Devens. (1985) In vitro effects of malathion and O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 24:2, pages 260-266.
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B.H. Devens, M.H. Grayson, T. Imamura & K.E. Rodgers. (1985) O,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioate effects on immunocompetence. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 24:2, pages 251-259.
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Hasegawa Leslie & Imamura Toshiko. (1985) Inhibitory effect of various organophosphorus esters on rat liver malathion carboxylesterase in vitro: Role of mixed-function oxidases. Toxicology Letters 26:2-3, pages 225-231.
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James P. Kehrer & Sam Kacew. (1985) Systematically applied chemicals that damage lung tissue. Toxicology 35:4, pages 251-293.
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Toshiko Imamura & Ronald E. Talcott. (1985) Mutagenic and alkylating activities of organophosphate impurities of commercial malathion. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 155:1-2, pages 1-6.
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T. Imamura & L. Hasegawa. (1984) Effects of an impurity on malathion and its structural analog on rat liver carboxylesterases and erythrocyte esterases. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 22:3, pages 312-320.
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A.J. Gray & T.R. Fukuto. (1984) Metabolism of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate in rats after oral administration of a toxic dose, and the effect of coadministration of its antagonistic thionate isomer. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 22:3, pages 295-311.
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D. Dinsdale, R. D. Verschoyle & J. E. Ingham. (1984) Ultrastructural changes in rat Clara cells induced by a single dose of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate. Archives of Toxicology 56:1, pages 59-65.
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J. Gandy, F.A.F. Ali, L. Hasegawa & T. Imamura. (1984) Morphological alterations of rat lung bronchiolar epithelium produced by various trialkyl phosphorothioates. Toxicology 32:1, pages 37-46.
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Paul T. Lin, A.R. Main, W.P. Tucker, N. Motoyama & W.C. Dauterman. (1984) Studies on organophosphorus impurities in technical malathion: Inhibition of carboxylesterases and the stability of isomalathion. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 21:2, pages 223-231.
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Xin-fu Leng & Tsutomu Nakatsugawa. (1984) Paraoxon-induced release of β-glucuronidase from rat hepatocytes in vitro. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 21:2, pages 207-212.
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T. Imamura, A.J. Gray, N. Umetsu & T.R. Fukuto. (1983) Biochemical and physiological investigations into the delayed toxicity produced by O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate in rats. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 19:1, pages 66-73.
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T. Imamura, J. Gandy, T.R. Fukuto & P. Talbot. (1983) An impurity of malathion alters the morphology of rat lung bronchiolar epithelium. Toxicology 26:1, pages 73-79.
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R. D. Verschoyle & J. R. P. Cabral. (1982) Investigation of the acute toxicity of some trimethyl and triethyl phosphorothioates with particular reference to those causing lung damage. Archives of Toxicology 51:3, pages 221-231.
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J.K. Malik & K.H. Summer. (1982) Toxicity and metabolism of malathion and its impurities in isolated rat hepatocytes: Role of glutathione. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 66:1, pages 69-76.
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D. Dinsdale, R. D. Verschoyle & J. R. P. Cabral. (1982) Cellular responses to trialkylphosphorothioate-induced injury in rat lung. Archives of Toxicology 51:1, pages 79-89.
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Philip S. Hammond, Salema M.A. Badawy, Ralph B. March & T.R. Fukuto. (1982) Delayed acute toxicity of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate and O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate to the rat. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 18:1, pages 90-100.
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Philip S. Hammond, H. Braunstein, J.M. Kennedy, S.M.A. Badawy & T.R. Fukuto. (1982) Mode of action of the delayed toxicity of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate in the rat. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 18:1, pages 77-89.
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