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Original Articles

Airborne Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) Concentrations Associated with the Application of Polyurethane Spray Foam in Residential Construction

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Pages 145-155 | Published online: 30 Oct 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (9)

Simon Aubin, El Mekki Hamdi, Audrey Joly, Philippe Sarazin, Jacques Lesage, Livain Breau, Mark Spence & Sébastien Gagné. (2020) On site comparison of the OSHA 42, Asset EZ4-NCO, Iso-Chek, DAN and CIP10 methods for measuring toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at a polyurethane foam factory. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 17:5, pages 207-219.
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Shen Tian, Scott Ecoff, John Sebroski, Jason Miller, Harold Rickenbacker & Melissa Bilec. (2018) An indoor air quality evaluation in a residential retrofit project using spray polyurethane foam. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 15:5, pages 363-375.
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Silvia Puscasu, Simon Aubin, Mark Spence & Sébastien Gagné. (2016) Implementation and evaluation of an analytical method for a novel derivatizing agent to measure 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate atmospheres. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 13:8, pages 598-603.
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Xavier Simon, Sébastien Bau, Alexis Boivin, Philippe Duquenne, Olivier Witschger & Peter Görner. (2016) Physical performances and kinetics of evaporation of the CIP 10-M personal sampler's rotating cup containing aqueous or viscous collection fluid. Aerosol Science and Technology 50:5, pages 507-520.
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JoshuaW. Schaeffer, Layne Marie Sargent, DelvinR. Sandfort & WilliamJ. Brazile. (2013) A Comparison of Two Sampling Methods for the Detection of Airborne Methylene Bisphenyl Diisocyanate. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 10:4, pages 213-221.
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CarrieA. Redlich, Dhimiter Bello, SusanR. Woskie, RobertP. Streicher, Karroll Booth, Barbara Cummings, WilliamJ. Karoly, Mark Spence, Sharon Mullins, WilliamP. Robert, Fran Lichtenberg & J. Banta. (2009) Letters to the Editor. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 6:11, pages D82-D85.
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Karroll Booth, Barbara Cummings, WilliamJ. Karoly, Sharon Mullins, WilliamP. Robert, Mark Spence, FranW. Lichtenberg & J. Banta. (2009) Measurements of Airborne Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) Concentration in the U.S. Workplace. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 6:4, pages 228-238.
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Articles from other publishers (32)

Mark W Spence, Patrick M Plehiers, Angel George & Jeanne Hankett. (2023) Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate occupational exposure data in industry (1998–2020): A descriptive summary from an industrial hygiene perspective. Toxicology and Industrial Health 39:8, pages 407-420.
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Simon Aubin, Loïc Wingert, Sébastien Gagné, Livain Breau & Jacques Lesage. (2023) Comprehensive methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) evaluation method comparison using a laboratory generation system. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 25:5, pages 941-953.
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Pasi Huuskonen, Simo P. Porras, Bernice Scholten, Lützen Portengen, Sanni Uuksulainen, Katriina Ylinen & Tiina Santonen. (2023) Occupational Exposure and Health Impact Assessment of Diisocyanates in Finland. Toxics 11:3, pages 229.
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Adam V. Wisnewski, Ryan Cooney, Michael Hodgson, Kristinza Giese, Jian Liu & Carrie A. Redlich. (2022) Severe asthma and death in a worker using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate MDI asthma death. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 65:3, pages 166-172.
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Dzhordzhio Naldzhiev, Dejan Mumovic & Matija Strlič. (2022) Systematic evaluation of 1,2-dichloropropane emissions from do-it-yourself spray foam insulation products. Building and Environment 207, pages 108439.
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Simon Aubin, Loïc Wingert, Sébastien Gagné, Livain Breau & Jacques Lesage. (2021) Development and characterization of an adaptable aerosolized methylene diphenyl diisocyanate generation system. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 23:10, pages 1500-1508.
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Dag Rother & Urs Schlüter. (2021) Occupational Exposure to Diisocyanates in the European Union. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 65:8, pages 893-907.
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Dzhordzhio Naldzhiev, Dejan Mumovic & Matija Strlic. (2020) Polyurethane insulation and household products – A systematic review of their impact on indoor environmental quality. Building and Environment 169, pages 106559.
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Chen-Chung Lin, Brandon F Law & Justin M Hettick. (2019) Acute 4,4′-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Exposure-Mediated Downregulation of miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p Activates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Transcription by Targeting Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling in Macrophages. Toxicological Sciences.
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Colin Ehnes, Manfred Genz, Jörn Duwenhorst, Jurij Krasnow, Jan Bleeke, Katharina Schwarz, Wolfgang Koch & Sven Schuchardt. (2019) Characterization of Aerosol Release during Spraying of Isocyanate Products. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 63:7, pages 773-783.
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Anila Bello, Yalong Xue, Rebecca Gore, Susan Woskie & Dhimiter Bello. (2019) Assessment and control of exposures to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) in spray polyurethane foam applicators. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 222:5, pages 804-815.
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Dustin Poppendieck, Mengyan Gong, Lisa Ng, Brian Dougherty, Vu Pham & Stephen M. Zimmerman. (2019) Applicability of Spray Polyurethane Foam Ventilation Guidelines for Do-It-Yourself Application Events. Building and Environment 157, pages 227-234.
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Adam V. Wisnewski, Ala F. Nassar, Jian Liu & Dhimiter Bello. (2019) Dilysine-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI), a Urine Biomarker of MDI Exposure?. Chemical Research in Toxicology 32:4, pages 557-565.
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Silvia Puscasu, Simon Aubin, Philippe Sarazin, Lucile Richard, Mark Spence & Sébastien Gagné. (2017) Use of the Novel Derivatizing Agent 1,8-Diaminonapthalene With the CIP10 Sampler to Measure 4,4’-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Atmospheres. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 61:5, pages 566-574.
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Charles Bevington, Zhishi Guo, Tao Hong, Heidi Hubbard, Eva Wong, Katherine Sleasman & Carol Hetfield. 2017. Developing Consensus Standards for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation. Developing Consensus Standards for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation 199 227 .
Ed Light. 2017. Developing Consensus Standards for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation. Developing Consensus Standards for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation 138 147 .
Katherine Sleasman, Carol Hetfield & Melanie Biggs. 2017. Developing Consensus Standards for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation. Developing Consensus Standards for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation 228 277 .
Daniel Lefkowitz, Elise Pechter, Kathleen Fitzsimmons, Margaret Lumia, Alicia C. Stephens, Letitia Davis, Jennifer Flattery, Justine Weinberg, Robert J. Harrison, Mary Jo Reilly, Margaret S. Filios, Gretchen E. White & Kenneth D. Rosenman. (2015) Isocyanates and work-related asthma: Findings from California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey, 1993-2008. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 58:11, pages 1138-1149.
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Silvia Puscasu, Simon Aubin, Yves Cloutier, Philippe Sarazin, Huu Van Tra & Sébastien Gagné. (2015) Comparison between the ASSET EZ4 NCO and Impinger Sampling Devices for Aerosol Sampling of 4,4′-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate in Spray Foam Application. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 59:7, pages 872-881.
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Albert G. Hulst, Daan R.W. Verstappen, Debora van der Riet – Van Oeveren, Nico P.E. Vermeulen & Daan Noort. (2015) Mass spectrometric identification of isocyanate-induced modifications of keratins in human skin. Chemico-Biological Interactions 237, pages 141-150.
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Adam V. Wisnewski, Jian Liu & Christopher M. Colangelo. (2015) Glutathione Reaction Products with a Chemical Allergen, Methylene-diphenyl Diisocyanate, Stimulate Alternative Macrophage Activation and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation. Chemical Research in Toxicology 28:4, pages 729-737.
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. (2014) CIP10 Optimization for 4,4-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Aerosol Sampling and Field Comparison With Impinger Method. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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James E. Lockey, Carrie A. Redlich, Robert Streicher, Andrea Pfahles-Hutchens, Pertti (Bert) J. Hakkinen, Gary L. Ellison, Philip Harber, Mark Utell, John Holland, Andrew Comai & Marc White. (2015) Isocyanates and Human Health. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 57:1, pages 44-51.
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Jerrold S. Petrofsky, Mary Browne, Mahyar Jamshidi, Anthony Libo-on & Haneul Lee. (2014) Can prosthetic limbs made too quickly cause kidney damage?: a pilot study. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 3:2, pages 119-124.
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Jeong Tai Kim & Chuck W. F. Yu. (2014) Hazardous materials in buildings. Indoor and Built Environment 23:1, pages 44-61.
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Silvia Puscasu, Simon Aubin, Huu Van Tra & Sébastien Gagné. (2014) Adaptation of CIP10 for the sampling of 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate aerosols. Analytical Methods 6:4, pages 1101.
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Adam V. Wisnewski, Jian Liu & Carrie A. Redlich. (2013) Connecting glutathione with immune responses to occupational methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposure. Chemico-Biological Interactions 205:1, pages 38-45.
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Adam V. Wisnewski & Jian Liu. (2013) Molecular determinants of humoral immune specificity for the occupational allergen, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Molecular Immunology 54:2, pages 233-237.
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Steven T. Cragg. 2001. Patty's Toxicology. Patty's Toxicology 999 1038 .
. (2011) MDHS 25 Revisited: Part 2, Modified Sampling and Analytical Procedures Applied to HDI-Based Isocyanates. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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Adam V Wisnewski, Lan Xu, Eve Robinson, Jian Liu, Carrie A Redlich & Christina A Herrick. (2011) Immune sensitization to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) resulting from skin exposure: albumin as a carrier protein connecting skin exposure to subsequent respiratory responses. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 6:1, pages 6.
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Adam V. Wisnewski, Jian Liu & Carrie A. Redlich. (2010) Antigenic changes in human albumin caused by reactivity with the occupational allergen diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Analytical Biochemistry 400:2, pages 251-258.
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