Advanced search
Publication Cover
Clinical Toxicology Volume 57, 2019 - Issue 4
Submit an article Journal homepage
1,009
Views
50
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Poison Centre Research

Designer benzodiazepines: a report of exposures recorded in the National Poison Data System, 2014–2017

Joseph E. CarpenterGeorgia Poison Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; Correspondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-6671
ORCID Icon,
Brian Patrick MurrayGeorgia Poison Center, Atlanta, GA, USA;
,
Camille DunkleyGeorgia Poison Center, Atlanta, GA, USA;
,
Ziad N. KazziGeorgia Poison Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; ;Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
&
Melissa H. GittingerGeorgia Poison Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; ;Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Pages 282-286 | Received 02 Jul 2018, Accepted 08 Aug 2018, Published online: 15 Nov 2018

Citations (50)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (3)

Rebekka Syrjanen, Shaun L. Greene, Jared W. Castle, Matthew Di Rago, Sarah E. Hodgson, Rachelle Abouchedid, Andis Graudins & Jennifer L. Schumann. (2023) Non-fatal intoxications involving the novel benzodiazepine clonazolam: case series from the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia – Victoria project. Clinical Toxicology 61:4, pages 290-293.
Read now
Xiao Yu, H Karl Greenblatt & David J Greenblatt. (2023) Designer benzodiazepines: an update. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 16:2, pages 109-117.
Read now
Lauren Murphy, Jonathan Melamed, Roy Gerona & Robert G. Hendrickson. (2019) Clonazolam: a novel liquid benzodiazepine. Toxicology Communications 3:1, pages 75-78.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (47)

Praveena Prasad & Sidhartha D Ray. 2024. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Encyclopedia of Toxicology 505 508 .
Rebekka Syrjanen, Shaun L. Greene, Courtney Weber, Jennifer L. Smith, Sarah E. Hodgson, Rachelle Abouchedid, Dimitri Gerostamoulos, Jacqueline Maplesden, Jonathan Knott, Hans Hollerer, Joe-Anthony Rotella, Andis Graudins & Jennifer L. Schumann. (2023) Characteristics and time course of benzodiazepine-type new psychoactive substance detections in Australia: results from the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia - Victoria project 2020-2022. International Journal of Drug Policy 122, pages 104245.
Crossref
Donna M Papsun, Ayako Chan-Hosokawa, Michael E Lamb & Barry Logan. (2023) Increasing prevalence of designer benzodiazepines in impaired driving: A 5-year analysis from 2017 to 2021. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 47:8, pages 668-679.
Crossref
Souleiman El Balkhi & Chadi Abbara. (2023) Designer Benzodiazepines: Effects, Toxicity, and Interactions. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 45:4, pages 494-507.
Crossref
A. Yu. Simonova, K. K. Ilyashenko, M. V. Belova & M. M. Potshveria. (2023) Features of Benzodiazepine Poisoning in the Elderly and Senile Patients. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 12:1, pages 37-44.
Crossref
Abdul Aziz Al Bahri & Hilary J Hamnett. (2023) Etizolam and Its Major Metabolites: A Short Review. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 47:3, pages 216-226.
Crossref
Patrick J. Buckley, Neeta Shenai & Priya Gopalan. (2023) Designer Benzodiazepine Use in Pregnancy: A Case Report. Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry 64:2, pages 194-195.
Crossref
Mireia Pérez Orts, Arian van Asten & Isabelle Kohler. (2023) The Evolution Toward Designer Benzodiazepines in Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault Cases. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 47:1, pages 1-25.
Crossref
Chinaza Godswill Awuchi, Maduabuchi Patrick Aja, Nancy Bonareri Mitaki, Sonia Morya, Ikechukwu O. Amagwula, Chinelo Kate Echeta & Victory S. Igwe. (2023) New Psychoactive Substances: Major Groups, Laboratory Testing Challenges, Public Health Concerns, and Community-Based Solutions. Journal of Chemistry 2023, pages 1-36.
Crossref
Ran Kong, Junbo Zhao, Wenya Zhai, Zhuonan Chen, Shuo Yang, Mobing Chen, Jiaman Lin, Lina Wu, Wanhui Liu & Ping Xiang. (2023) Metabolic profiling of clonazolam in human liver microsomes and zebrafish models using liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B 1216, pages 123583.
Crossref
Valeria Catalani, Giuseppe Floresta, Michelle Botha, John Martin Corkery, Amira Guirguis, Alessandro Vento, Vincenzo Abbate & Fabrizio Schifano. (2022) In silico studies on recreational drugs: 3D quantitative structure activity relationship prediction of classified and de novo designer benzodiazepines . Chemical Biology & Drug Design 101:1, pages 40-51.
Crossref
Islam Amine Larabi & Jean-Claude Alvarez. 2023. Methods for Novel Psychoactive Substance Analysis. Methods for Novel Psychoactive Substance Analysis 93 123 .
Marija Markovic & Dania Niwash. (2022) Treatment of concurrent etizolam and tianeptine withdrawal following accidental overdose. Mental Health Clinician 12:6, pages 356-359.
Crossref
Caley Moore, Jennifer Hammers & Pamela Marshall. (2022) Clonazolam Intoxication Case Report. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 43:4, pages 372-375.
Crossref
Tharwat El Zahran, Elie Kanaan, Lynn Kobeissi, Joseph Bouassi, Aseel Sarieddine, Joseph Carpenter, Ziad Kazzi & Eveline Hitti. (2022) Benzodiazepine use disorder: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center in Lebanon. Medicine 101:38, pages e30762.
Crossref
Valeria Catalani, Michelle Botha, John Martin Corkery, Amira Guirguis, Alessandro Vento & Fabrizio Schifano. (2022) Designer Benzodiazepines’ Activity on Opioid Receptors: A Docking Study. Current Pharmaceutical Design 28:32, pages 2639-2652.
Crossref
Marine Deville, Ronald Bailly, Nicolas Gauthier, Pauline Pitti, Audrey Wachtelaer & Corinne Charlier. (2022) Biochip array technology for new psychoactive substances detection in biological samples: Evaluation of the specificity of the Randox Evidence Investigator ® . Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 59:5, pages 357-362.
Crossref
Amber N. Edinoff, Catherine A. Nix, Amira S. Odisho, Caroline P. Babin, Alyssa G. Derouen, Salim C. Lutfallah, Elyse M. Cornett, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M. Kaye & Alan D. Kaye. (2022) Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects. Neurology International 14:3, pages 648-663.
Crossref
A.W. Jones, F. Musshoff, T. Krämer, A. E. Steuer, D. Gerostamoulos, O.H. Drummer, G. Drasch, M. Balikova, J. Beyer, H. Teixeira, M. Thevis, W. Schänzer, H. Druid & G. Skopp. 2022. Handbook of Forensic Medicine. Handbook of Forensic Medicine 1167 1312 .
Avery E. Michienzi & Heather A. Borek. (2022) Emerging Agents of Substance Use/Misuse. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 40:2, pages 265-281.
Crossref
William E. Schreiber. 2022. An Introduction to Testing for Drugs of Abuse. An Introduction to Testing for Drugs of Abuse 77 92 .
Linda Peng, David Lawrence & Ximena A. Levander. (2022) Challenges of Diagnosing and Managing Designer Benzodiazepine Dependence and Withdrawal: A Case Report. Journal of Addiction Medicine 16:2, pages 249-251.
Crossref
Sharon Essink, Johanna J. Nugteren-van Lonkhuyzen, Antoinette J.H.P. van Riel, Douwe Dekker & Laura Hondebrink. (2022) Significant toxicity following an increase in poisonings with designer benzodiazepines in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2020. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 231, pages 109244.
Crossref
Linda Peng, Kenneth L. Morford & Ximena A. Levander. (2022) Benzodiazepines and Related Sedatives. Medical Clinics of North America 106:1, pages 113-129.
Crossref
Caitlin Wolfe. 2022. Novel Psychoactive Substances. Novel Psychoactive Substances 475 494 .
Andreas BüttnerAndreas Büttner. 2022. Neuropathologie des Drogenmissbrauchs. Neuropathologie des Drogenmissbrauchs 23 90 .
Valeria Catalani, Michelle Botha, John Martin Corkery, Amira Guirguis, Alessandro Vento, Norbert Scherbaum & Fabrizio Schifano. (2021) The Psychonauts’ Benzodiazepines; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Analysis and Docking Prediction of Their Biological Activity. Pharmaceuticals 14:8, pages 720.
Crossref
Matthew K. Laing, Lianping Ti, Allison Marmel, Samuel Tobias, Aaron M. Shapiro, Richard Laing, Mark Lysyshyn & M. Eugenia Socías. (2021) An outbreak of novel psychoactive substance benzodiazepines in the unregulated drug supply: Preliminary results from a community drug checking program using point-of-care and confirmatory methods. International Journal of Drug Policy 93, pages 103169.
Crossref
Pietro Brunetti, Raffaele Giorgetti, Adriano Tagliabracci, Marilyn Huestis & Francesco Busardò. (2021) Designer Benzodiazepines: A Review of Toxicology and Public Health Risks. Pharmaceuticals 14:6, pages 560.
Crossref
Jennifer S. Love, John A. Thompson & B. Zane Horowitz. (2021) “Pressed” Etizolam. The Journal of Pediatrics 232, pages 303-304.
Crossref
Michal Ordak, Aleksandra Zmysłowska, Miłosz Bielski, Daniel Rybak, Maja Tomaszewska, Katarzyna Wyszomierska, Aleksandra Kmiec, Natalia Garlicka, Maria Zalewska, Michal Zalewski, Tadeusz Nasierowski, Elzbieta Muszynska & Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny. (2021) Pharmacotherapy of Patients Taking New Psychoactive Substances: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Case Reports. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12.
Crossref
Timothy P Rohrig, Kei A Osawa, Tyson R Baird & Kimberly B Youso. (2021) Driving Impairment Cases Involving Etizolam and Flubromazolam. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 45:1, pages 93-98.
Crossref
Katherine Bollinger, BeLinda Weimer, David Heller, Nichole Bynum, Megan Grabenauer, DeMia Pressley & Hope Smiley-McDonald. (2021) Benzodiazepines reported in NFLIS-Drug, 2015 to 2018. Forensic Science International: Synergy 3, pages 100138.
Crossref
Andreas BüttnerAndreas Büttner. 2021. Neuropathology of Drug Abuse. Neuropathology of Drug Abuse 23 87 .
Gunhild Heide, Gudrun Høiseth, Gerrit Middelkoop & Åse Marit Leere Øiestad. (2020) Blood Concentrations of Designer Benzodiazepines: Relation to Impairment and Findings in Forensic Cases. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44:8, pages 905-914.
Crossref
Stefano Tamburin, Elisa Mantovani, Anna Bertoldi, Angela Federico, Rebecca Casari & Fabio Lugoboni. (2020) High-Dose Dependence and Cognitive Side Effects to Medical Prescription of Etizolam. Frontiers in Psychiatry 11.
Crossref
Laura Orsolini, John M. Corkery, Stefania Chiappini, Amira Guirguis, Alessandro Vento, Domenico De Berardis, Duccio Papanti & Fabrizio Schifano. (2020) ‘New/Designer Benzodiazepines’: An Analysis of the Literature and Psychonauts’ Trip Reports. Current Neuropharmacology 18:9, pages 809-837.
Crossref
Adam Blumenberg, Adrienne Hughes, Andrew Reckers, Ross Ellison & Roy Gerona. (2020) Flualprazolam: Report of an Outbreak of a New Psychoactive Substance in Adolescents. Pediatrics 146:1.
Crossref
Anne Batisse, Celine Eiden, Helene Peyriere & Samira Djezzar. (2020) Use of new psychoactive substances to mimic prescription drugs: The trend in France. NeuroToxicology 79, pages 20-24.
Crossref
Suzanne Nielsen & Andrew McAuley. (2020) Etizolam: A rapid review on pharmacology, non‐medical use and harms. Drug and Alcohol Review 39:4, pages 330-336.
Crossref
Karina Sommerfeld-Klatta, Magdalena Łukasik-Głębocka, Artur Teżyk, Paweł Panieński, Czesław Żaba & Barbara Zielińska-Psuja. (2020) Clonazolam a new designer benzodiazepine intoxication confirmed by blood concentration. Forensic Science International 310, pages 110237.
Crossref
Dino Luethi & Matthias E. Liechti. (2020) Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects. Archives of Toxicology 94:4, pages 1085-1133.
Crossref
Lois Platt, Teresa A. Savage & Nimmi Rajagopal. (2020) An Intervention to Decrease Benzodiazepine Prescribing by Providers in an Urban Clinic. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 58:1, pages 39-45.
Crossref
Abu Shafi, Alex J. Berry, Harry Sumnall, David M. Wood & Derek K. Tracy. (2020) New psychoactive substances: a review and updates. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 10, pages 204512532096719.
Crossref
Evelyn S. Ligon, Jason Nawyn, Lonnie V. Jones, B. McKay Allred, Daniel V. ReinhardtJr.Jr. & Stefan France. (2019) Synthesis of Flubromazepam Positional Isomers for Forensic Analysis. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 84:16, pages 10280-10291.
Crossref
. (2019) Etizolam abuse. Reactions Weekly 1754:1, pages 154-154.
Crossref
Kenichi Tamama & Michael J. Lynch. 2020. Substance Use Disorders. Substance Use Disorders 463 502 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.