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Original Articles

Cyclic oligomers in polyamide for food contact material: quantification by HPLC‐CLND and single‐substance calibration

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Pages 846-860 | Received 31 Jul 2011, Accepted 11 Dec 2011, Published online: 13 Feb 2012

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Marie Kubicova, Martin Eckardt & Thomas J. Simat. (2022) Oligomers in polybutylene terephthalate for food contact—strategies on identification, quantification, and risk assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 39:12, pages 2002-2023.
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Cristina Nerín, Siméon Bourdoux, Birgit Faust, Thomas Gude, Céline Lesueur, Thomas Simat, Angela Stoermer, Els Van Hoek & Peter Oldring. (2022) Guidance in selecting analytical techniques for identification and quantification of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in food contact materials (FCMS). Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 39:3, pages 620-643.
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Marie Kubicova, Elise Puchta, Sebastian Säger, Constanze Hug, Sandra Hofmann & Thomas J. Simat. (2022) Styrene-acrylonitrile-copolymer and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-copolymer: a study on extractable and migratable oligomers. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 39:2, pages 397-414.
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Oliver Kappenstein, Ingo Ebner, Carina Förster, Stephan Richter, Jürgen Weyer, Karla Pfaff & Andreas Luch. (2018) Validation and application of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of cyclic oligomers originating from polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 in food simulant. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35:7, pages 1410-1420.
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Shuimi Zhong, Yintao Guo, Feng Gao, Qisong Lin, Yongjun Wang, Wenxing Chen & Wangyang Lu. (2023) Studies of caprolactam and cyclic oligomer content, molecular weight, and thermal properties during melt post-polycondensation of polycaprolactam in the film state. Polymer 272, pages 125802.
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Emmanouil D. Tsochatzis, Joao Alberto Lopes & Oliver Kappenstein. (2023) Study of the ionic strength effect on the migration of polyamide 6 and 66 oligomers into liquid simulants by a LC-qTOF-MS method. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 35, pages 101015.
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Beate Scherer & Frank-Michael Matysik. (2021) Investigations of polymer samples of polyamide 11 concerning the content of monomer, oligomers, and the oxidation stabilizer Irganox 1098 by utilizing inverse gradient HPLC in combination with a triple detection system (diode array detection/mass spectrometry/charged aerosol detection). Talanta Open 3, pages 100023.
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Andrea Schweighuber, Jörg Fischer & Wolfgang Buchberger. (2021) Differentiation of Polyamide 6, 6.6, and 12 Contaminations in Polyolefin-Recyclates Using HPLC Coupled to Drift-Tube Ion-Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Polymers 13:12, pages 2032.
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Yajing Hu, Zhenxia Du, Xuechun Sun, Xin Ma, Jingdan Song, Haixia Sui & Augustine Atta Debrah. (2021) Non-targeted analysis and risk assessment of non-volatile compounds in polyamide food contact materials. Food Chemistry 345, pages 128625.
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Andrea Schweighuber, Markus Gall, Jörg Fischer, Yi Liu, Hermann Braun & Wolfgang Buchberger. (2020) Development of an LC-MS method for the semiquantitative determination of polyamide 6 contaminations in polyolefin recyclates. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 413:4, pages 1091-1098.
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Ema Žagar, Urška Češarek, Ana Drinčić, Simona Sitar, Igor M. Shlyapnikov & David Pahovnik. (2020) Quantitative Determination of PA6 and/or PA66 Content in Polyamide-Containing Wastes. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8:31, pages 11818-11826.
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Chunwang Yi, Ce Yang, Jie Li, Juan Chen, Shen Zhang & Huan Sun. (2020) Agglomeration behaviour of caprolactam solution concentrates triggered by cyclic dimers in the recovery process: Characterisation, mechanism, and process optimisation. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 136, pages 56-65.
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Martin Eckardt, Marie Kubicova, Duyen Tong & Thomas J. Simat. (2020) Determination of color developers replacing bisphenol A in thermal paper receipts using diode array and Corona charged aerosol detection—A German market analysis 2018/2019. Journal of Chromatography A 1609, pages 460437.
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Hyun Ju Song, Yoonjee Chang, Ji Sou Lyu, Mi Yong Yon, Haeng-shin Lee, Se-Jong Park, Jae Chun Choi, MeeKyung Kim & Jaejoon Han. (2018) Migration study of caprolactam from polyamide 6 sheets into food simulants. Food Science and Biotechnology 27:6, pages 1685-1689.
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Lu Peng, Jie Li, Shumin Peng, Chunwang Yi & Feng Jiang. (2018) The crystal-form transition behaviours and morphology changes in a polyamide 6 cyclic dimer. Royal Society Open Science 5:11, pages 180957.
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Martin Eckardt, Marie Kubicova & Thomas J. Simat. (2018) Universal response quantification approach using a Corona Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD) – Application on linear and cyclic oligomers extractable from polycondensate plastics polyesters, polyamides and polyarylsulfones. Journal of Chromatography A 1572, pages 187-202.
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Baninia Habchi, Amine Kassouf, Yann Padellec, Estelle Rathahao-Paris, Sandra Alves, Douglas N. Rutledge, Jacqueline Maalouly & Violette Ducruet. (2018) An untargeted evaluation of food contact materials by flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) combined with independent components analysis (ICA). Analytica Chimica Acta 1022, pages 81-88.
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Martin Eckardt & Thomas J. Simat. (2017) Bisphenol A and alternatives in thermal paper receipts - a German market analysis from 2015 to 2017. Chemosphere 186, pages 1016-1025.
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Zhuona Wu, Qi Zhang, Ning Li, Yiqiong Pu, Bing Wang & Tong Zhang. (2017) Comparison of critical methods developed for fatty acid analysis: A review. Journal of Separation Science 40:1, pages 288-298.
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Yutaka Abe, Motoh Mutsuga, Hiroyuki Ohno, Yoko Kawamura & Hiroshi Akiyama. (2016) Isolation and Quantification of Polyamide Cyclic Oligomers in Kitchen Utensils and Their Migration into Various Food Simulants. PLOS ONE 11:7, pages e0159547.
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Michael Hellwig, Arndt Nobis, Sophia Witte & Thomas Henle. (2016) Occurrence of ( Z )-3,4-Dideoxyglucoson-3-ene in Different Types of Beer and Malt Beer as a Result of 3-Deoxyhexosone Interconversion . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64:13, pages 2746-2753.
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M. Hoppe, P. de Voogt & R. Franz. (2016) Identification and quantification of oligomers as potential migrants in plastics food contact materials with a focus in polycondensates – A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 50, pages 118-130.
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Kyun Joo Park, Minyoung Kim, Seunghwan Seok, Young-Wun Kim & Do Hyun Kim. (2015) Quantitative analysis of cyclic dimer fatty acid content in the dimerization product by proton NMR spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 149, pages 402-407.
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Martin Heimrich, Hermann Nickl, Martin Bönsch & Thomas J. Simat. (2015) Migration of Cyclic Monomer and Oligomers from Polyamide 6 and 66 Food Contact Materials into Food and Food Simulants: Direct Food Contact. Packaging Technology and Science 28:2, pages 123-139.
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M. Ossberger. 2015. Global Legislation for Food Contact Materials. Global Legislation for Food Contact Materials 3 41 .
James Hadley Bridson, Robert Abbel, Dawn A. Smith, Grant Northcott & Sally Gaw. (2022) Release of Additives and Non-Intentionally Added Substances from Microplastics Under Environmentally Relevant Conditions. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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