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Original Articles

Occurrence of fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD and glycidol in infant formula

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Pages 1810-1822 | Received 19 Mar 2015, Accepted 03 Jul 2015, Published online: 11 Sep 2015

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (11)

Nik Nur Ashirah Nik Azmi, Thuan-Chew Tan, May Yen Ang & Yin-Hui Leong. (2023) Occurrence and risk assessment of 3-monochloropropanediols esters (3-MCPDE), 2-monochloropropanediol esters (2-MCPDE), and glycidyl esters (GE) in commercial infant formula samples from Malaysia. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 40:2, pages 212-221.
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Jakob F. Schneider, Adam Becalski, Tony Zhao, Yihui Liu, Fuqi Chen & Dorothea F. K. Rawn. (2023) Occurrence of glycidyl esters in infant formula products on the Canadian market between 2015 and 2019. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 40:1, pages 43-55.
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Jakob F. Schneider, Adam Becalski, Tony Zhao, Fuqi Chen, Yifu Liao & Dorothea F. K. Rawn. (2022) Occurrence of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol esters (MCPDE) in infant formula products on the Canadian market between 2015 and 2019. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 39:10, pages 1663-1673.
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Jessica K. Beekman, Samanta Popol, Michael Granvogl & Shaun MacMahon. (2021) Occurrence of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in infant formulas from Germany. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 38:10, pages 1656-1671.
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Xia Cui, Lei Zhang, Dajin Yang, Jianwen Li, Qing Liu, Haixia Sui, Zhaoping Liu & Pingping Zhou. (2021) Occurrence of 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol esters in infant formulas in China and exposure assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 38:9, pages 1470-1480.
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Khanh Hoang Nguyen & Arvid Fromberg. (2020) Occurrence of MCPD and glycidyl fatty acid esters in standard and specialised infant formula in Denmark. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 37:11, pages 1847-1853.
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Ryo Inagaki, Fumika Ito, Yuko Shimamura & Shuichi Masuda. (2019) Effect of chloride on the formation of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid diesters and glycidol fatty acid esters in fish, meats and acylglycerols during heating. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 36:2, pages 236-243.
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Adam Becalski, Tony Zhao, Michael Granvogl & Tye Arbuckle. (2018) An investigation of presence of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol fatty acid esters in Canadian human milk samples. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35:10, pages 1881-1889.
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Judith H. Spungen, Shaun MacMahon, Jessica Leigh, Brenna Flannery, Grace Kim, Stuart Chirtel & Deborah Smegal. (2018) Estimated US infant exposures to 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters from consumption of infant formula. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35:6, pages 1085-1092.
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Jessica Leigh & Shaun MacMahon. (2017) Occurrence of 3-monochloropropanediol esters and glycidyl esters in commercial infant formulas in the United States. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 34:3, pages 356-370.
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Jorge A. Custodio-Mendoza, Alberto Arribas García, Rosa A. Lorenzo Ferreira & Antonia M. Carro Díaz. (2024) Comparative analysis of ultrasound-accelerated alkaline and acid hydrolysis for the indirect determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 125, pages 105764.
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Yao Mou, Lu Sun, Yaqian Geng, Yingfeng Xie, Fang Chen, Jianbo Xiao, Xiaosong Hu, Junfu Ji & Lingjun Ma. (2023) Chloropropanols and their esters in foods: Exposure, formation and mitigation strategies. Food Chemistry Advances 3, pages 100446.
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Sharifah Shahira Syed Putra, Wan Jefrey Basirun, Adeeb Hayyan & Amal A.M. Elgharbawy. (2023) Enzymatic hydrolysis for the removal of 3- monochloropropanediol esters in edible oils using Candida rugosa lipase in the presence of deep eutectic solvents and nanocellulose. Biochemical Engineering Journal 196, pages 108958.
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Thomas Schmidt, Flemming Vang Sparsoe, Rico Bagger‐Jørgensen, Thomas Norup From, Anna Kjaer Keskin & Rasmus Leth Miller. (2022) Thermal degradation of glycidyl esters in monoglycerides and mono‐ and diglyceride blends. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Processing 5:2.
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Mingming Zhang, Tosin Michael Olajide & Wenming Cao. (2023) Automated methods for the determination of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in milk powder products by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and risk assessment. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 116, pages 105084.
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Erik Keller & Rasmus Leth Miller. (2022) Glycidyl ester and 3‐MCPD ester content in esters of monoglyceride and polyglycerol esters . Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 99:9, pages 791-798.
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Yajing Xie, H. J. Fels‐Klerx, Stefan P. J. Leeuwen & Vincenzo Fogliano. (2021) Dietary advanced glycation end‐products, 2‐monochloropropane‐1,3‐diol esters and 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formulas: Occurrence, formulation and processing effects, mitigation strategies. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20:6, pages 5489-5515.
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Didah Nur Faridah, Masayu Nur Ulfa & Nuri Andarwulan. (2021) The comparison of several lipid extraction methods on infant formula for 3‐monochloropropanediol esters and glycidyl esters analysis. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 56:9, pages 4730-4737.
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Yuko Shimamura, Ryo Inagaki, Hiroshi Honda & Shuichi Masuda. (2020) Does External Exposure of Glycidol-Related Chemicals Influence the Forming of the Hemoglobin Adduct, N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)valine, as a Biomarker of Internal Exposure to Glycidol?. Toxics 8:4, pages 119.
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Wiwi Hartuti, Nuri Andarwulan & Puspo Edi Giriwono. (2020) Kajian Paparan dan Risiko 3-MCPDE dan GE dari Produk Formula pada Bayi Usia 0-12 Bulan di Indonesia secara Probabilistik. Jurnal Mutu Pangan : Indonesian Journal of Food Quality 7:2, pages 59-66.
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Burhan Başaran. 2020. Infant Feeding - Breast versus Formula. Infant Feeding - Breast versus Formula.
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Khanh Hoang Nguyen & Arvid Fromberg. (2020) Monochloropropanediol and glycidyl esters in infant formula and baby food products on the Danish market: Occurrence and preliminary risk assessment. Food Control 110, pages 106980.
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Shaun MacMahon & Jessica Beekman. (2019) 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD), 2-chloro-1,3-propanediol (2-MCPD) and glycidyl esters in infant formula: a review. Current Opinion in Food Science 30, pages 67-72.
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Biow Ing Sim, Yu Hua Wong & Chin Ping Tan. 2019. Mitigating Contamination from Food Processing. Mitigating Contamination from Food Processing 152 190 .
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Zhongfei Zhang, Puyu Yang, Boyan Gao, Guoren Huang, Man Liu & Liangli Lucy Yu. (2019) Synthesis of 2-Monochloropanol Fatty Acid Esters and Their Acute Oral Toxicities in Swiss Mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67:13, pages 3789-3795.
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Boyan Gao, Yanfang LiGuoren Huang & Liangli Yu. (2019) Fatty Acid Esters of 3-Monochloropropanediol: A Review. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 10:1, pages 259-284.
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Jessica K. Beekman, Michael Granvogl & Shaun MacMahon. 2019. Food-Borne Toxicants: Formation, Analysis, and Toxicology. Food-Borne Toxicants: Formation, Analysis, and Toxicology 67 90 .
Guoren Huang, Boyan Gao, Jinli Xue, Zhihong Cheng, Xiangjun Sun, Yaqiong Zhang & Liangli Lucy Yu. (2018) Toxicokinetics and Metabolism of 3-Monochloropropane 1,2-Diol Dipalmitate in Sprague Dawley Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66:44, pages 11672-11680.
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Gizem SEVİNDİRİCİ, Onur Özdikicierler & Fahri YEMİŞÇİOĞLU. (2018) RAFİNE BİTKİSEL YAĞLARDA 3-MCPD VE GE RİSKİ: YAPISI, OLUŞUM MEKANİZMASI, YASAL DÜZENLEMELERİ VE AZALTILMA YÖNTEMLERİ3-MCPD AND GE RISK IN REFINED VEGETABLE OILS: STRUCTURE, FORMATION MECHANISM, LEGAL REGULATIONS AND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES. Gıda 43:5, pages 886-895.
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J.A. Custodio-Mendoza, R.A. Lorenzo, I.M. Valente, P.J. Almeida, M.A. Lage, J.A. Rodrigues & A.M. Carro. (2018) Development of a partitioned liquid-liquid extraction- dispersive solid phase extraction procedure followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol diesters in edible oils. Journal of Chromatography A 1548, pages 19-26.
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Bo Jiao, Hui Hu, Aimin Shi, Hongzhi Liu, Li Liu, Qiang Wang, Wusheng Fu & Benu Adhikari. (2017) An improved method for the measurement of 3-monochloropropanediol esters by matrix solid-phase dispersion supported liquid-liquid extraction. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 52:11, pages 2404-2411.
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Katharina Schultrich, Falko Frenzel, Axel Oberemm, Thorsten Buhrke, Albert Braeuning & Alfonso Lampen. (2017) Comparative proteomic analysis of 2-MCPD- and 3-MCPD-induced heart toxicity in the rat. Archives of Toxicology 91:9, pages 3145-3155.
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Adriana Pavesi Arisseto, Willian Cruzeiro Silva, Gabriela Ramiro Scaranelo & Eduardo Vicente. (2017) 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in infant formulas from the Brazilian market: Occurrence and risk assessment. Food Control 77, pages 76-81.
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Weiwei Cheng, Guoqin Liu & Xinqi Liu. (2017) Effects of Fe 3+ and Antioxidants on Glycidyl Ester Formation in Plant Oil at High Temperature and Their Influencing Mechanisms . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65:20, pages 4167-4176.
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Wei-wei Cheng, Guo-qin Liu, Li-qing Wang & Zeng-she Liu. (2017) Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters in Refined Edible Oils: A Review on Formation, Occurrence, Analysis, and Elimination Methods. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 16:2, pages 263-281.
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Jessica K. Leigh & Shaun MacMahon. (2016) Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection of 3-Monochloropropanediol Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Infant Formula. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64:49, pages 9442-9451.
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Vasilios G. Samaras, Anupam Giri, Zuzana Zelinkova, Lubomir Karasek, Gerhard Buttinger & Thomas Wenzl. (2016) Analytical method for the trace determination of esterified 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol and glycidyl fatty acid esters in various food matrices. Journal of Chromatography A 1466, pages 136-147.
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Weiwei Cheng, Guoqin Liu & Xinqi Liu. (2016) Formation of Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters Both in Real Edible Oils during Laboratory-Scale Refining and in Chemical Model during High Temperature Exposure. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64:29, pages 5919-5927.
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