8,252
Views
70
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Mini-Review

Prospects for mucosal vaccine: shutting the door on SARS-CoV-2

, &
Pages 2921-2931 | Received 05 May 2020, Accepted 03 Aug 2020, Published online: 15 Sep 2020

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (3)

Kuldeep Dhama, Manish Dhawan, Ruchi Tiwari, Talha Bin Emran, Saikat Mitra, Ali A. Rabaan, Saad Alhumaid, Zainab Al Alawi & Abbas Al Mutair. (2022) COVID-19 intranasal vaccines: current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 18:5.
Read now
Evalyne M Jansen, Henderik W Frijlink, Wouter LJ Hinrichs & Mitchel JR Ruigrok. (2022) Are inhaled mRNA vaccines safe and effective? A review of preclinical studies. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 19:11, pages 1471-1485.
Read now
Vivek P. Chavda, Yangmin Chen, Jayant Dave, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Subhash C. Chauhan, Murali M. Yallapu, Vladimir N. Uversky, Rajashri Bezbaruah, Sandip Patel & Vasso Apostolopoulos. (2022) COVID-19 and vaccination: myths vs science. Expert Review of Vaccines 21:11, pages 1603-1620.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (67)

Richa Das, Shreni Agrawal, Nancy Singh, Kajal Singh & Amit Kumar Tripathi. 2024. New COVID-19 Variants [Working Title]. New COVID-19 Variants [Working Title].
Saina Beitari, Gerard Agbayani, Melissa Hewitt, Diana Duque, Jegarubee Bavananthasivam, Jagdeep K. Sandhu, Bassel Akache, Ita Hadžisejdić & Anh Tran. (2023) Effectiveness of VSV vectored SARS-CoV-2 spike when administered through intranasal, intramuscular or a combination of both. Scientific Reports 13:1.
Crossref
Yuchun Xu, Xiaoying Yan, Ting Wei, Minming Chen, Jiafei Zhu, Juxin Gao, Bo Liu, Wenjun Zhu & Zhuang Liu. (2023) Transmucosal Delivery of Nasal Nanovaccines Enhancing Mucosal and Systemic Immunity. Nano Letters 23:22, pages 10522-10531.
Crossref
Akanksha Jain, Sonia Bajaj, Parag Jain, Ashish Majumdar, Ayushi Singh & Pranay Soni. (2023) A review on biotechnologically derived techniques to combat COVID-19 situation. Health Sciences Review 8, pages 100112.
Crossref
Shen Wang, Mian Qin, Long Xu, Ting Mu, Ping Zhao, Bing Sun, Yue Wu, Lingli Song, Han Wu, Weicheng Wang, Xingwen Liu, Yanyan Li, Fengmei Yang, Ke Xu, Zhanlong He, Michel Klein & Ke Wu. (2023) Aerosol Inhalation of Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vectors (ChAd68) Expressing Ancestral or Omicron BA.1 Stabilized Pre–Fusion Spike Glycoproteins Protects Non–Human Primates against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines 11:9, pages 1427.
Crossref
Junwoo Lee & Dongwoo Khang. (2023) Mucosal delivery of nanovaccine strategy against COVID-19 and its variants. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 13:7, pages 2897-2925.
Crossref
Xingjian Liu, Haozhi Song, Jianmin Jiang, Xintao Gao, Yongzhu Yi, Yuting Shang, Jialei Li, Dan Li, Zhen Zeng, Yinü Li & Zhifang Zhang. (2023) Baculovirus-expressed self-assembling SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticle vaccines targeting the S protein induce protective immunity in mice. Process Biochemistry 129, pages 200-208.
Crossref
Guangsheng Du, Ming Qin & Xun Sun. (2023) Recent progress in application of nanovaccines for enhancing mucosal immune responses. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 13:6, pages 2334-2345.
Crossref
Valentina Yurina, Oktavia Rahayu Adianingsih & Nashi Widodo. (2023) Oral and intranasal immunization with food-grade recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing high conserved region of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein triggers mice’s immunity responses. Vaccine: X 13, pages 100265.
Crossref
Ursino Pacheco-García & Jeanet Serafín-López. (2023) Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity. Vaccines 11:3, pages 655.
Crossref
Xiyue He, Xiaoyan Chen, Hairui Wang, Guangsheng Du & Xun Sun. (2023) Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines. Journal of Controlled Release 355, pages 655-674.
Crossref
Luisa Limongelli, Gianfranco Favia, Eugenio Maiorano, Antonio D'Amati, Alberto Pispero, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Giuseppe Barile, Angela Tempesta, Fabio Dell'Olio, Rosaria Arianna Siciliani & Saverio Capodiferro. (2023) Oral lesions with immunohistochemical evidence of Sars‐ CoV ‐2 in swab‐negative post‐ COVID syndrome . Oral Diseases.
Crossref
Tetsuro Yamamoto, Masanori Tanji, Fusako Mitsunaga & Shin Nakamura. (2023) SARS-CoV-2 sublingual vaccine with RBD antigen and poly(I:C) adjuvant: Preclinical study in cynomolgus macaques. Biology Methods and Protocols 8:1.
Crossref
Si Sun, Entao Li, Gan Zhao, Jie Tang, Qianfei Zuo, Larry Cai, Chuanfei Xu, Cheng Sui, Yangxue Ou, Chang Liu, Haibo Li, Yuan Ding, Chao Li, Dongshui Lu, Weijun Zhang, Ping Luo, Ping Cheng, Yuwei Gao, Changchun Tu, Bruno Pitard, Joseph Rosenecker, Bin Wang, Yan Liu, Quanming Zou & Shan Guan. (2023) Respiratory mucosal vaccination of peptide-poloxamine-DNA nanoparticles provides complete protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Biomaterials 292, pages 121907.
Crossref
Gabrielle Gimenes Lima, Amanda Izeli Portilho & Elizabeth De Gaspari. (2022) Animal Models to Test SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Which Ones Are in Use and Future Expectations. Pathogens 12:1, pages 20.
Crossref
Gemma E. Hartley, Emily S. J. Edwards, Robyn E. O’Hehir & Menno C. van Zelm. (2022) New insights into human immune memory from SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection and vaccination . Allergy 77:12, pages 3553-3566.
Crossref
Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández, Romina Cabrera-Rodriguez, Laura Ciuffreda, Silvia Perez-Yanes, Judith Estevez-Herrera, Rafaela González-Montelongo, Julia Alcoba-Florez, Rodrigo Trujillo-González, Diego García-Martínez de Artola, Helena Gil-Campesino, Oscar Díez-Gil, José M. Lorenzo-Salazar, Carlos Flores & Jonay Garcia-Luis. (2022) Nanomaterials to combat SARS-CoV-2: Strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat COVID-19. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10.
Crossref
Kazuki Santa. (2022) Grape Phytochemicals and Vitamin D in the Alleviation of Lung Disorders. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 22:13, pages 1276-1292.
Crossref
Olaf Nickel, Alexandra Rockstroh, Johannes Wolf, Susann Landgraf, Sven Kalbitz, Nils Kellner, Michael Borte, Corinna Pietsch, Jasmin Fertey, Christoph Lübbert, Sebastian Ulbert & Stephan Borte. (2022) Evaluation of the systemic and mucosal immune response induced by COVID-19 and the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. PLOS ONE 17:10, pages e0263861.
Crossref
John Joseph. (2022) Harnessing Nasal Immunity with IgA to Prevent Respiratory Infections. Immuno 2:4, pages 571-583.
Crossref
Dimitrina Miteva, Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska, Violeta Snegarova, Hristiana Batselova, Radostina Alexandrova & Tsvetelina Velikova. (2022) Mucosal COVID-19 vaccines: Risks, benefits and control of the pandemic. World Journal of Virology 11:5, pages 221-236.
Crossref
Jose Roberto Gutierrez-Camacho, Lorena Avila-Carrasco, Maria Calixta Martinez-Vazquez, Idalia Garza-Veloz, Sidere Monserrath Zorrilla-Alfaro, Veronica Gutierrez-Camacho & Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro. (2022) Oral Lesions Associated with COVID-19 and the Participation of the Buccal Cavity as a Key Player for Establishment of Immunity against SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:18, pages 11383.
Crossref
Vivek P. Chavda, Lalitkumar K. Vora & Vasso Apostolopoulos. (2022) Inhalable Vaccines: Can They Help Control Pandemics?. Vaccines 10:8, pages 1309.
Crossref
Adriano Taddeo, Inês Berenguer Veiga, Christelle Devisme, Renate Boss, Philippe Plattet, Sebastian Weigang, Georg Kochs, Volker Thiel, Charaf Benarafa & Gert Zimmer. (2022) Optimized intramuscular immunization with VSV-vectored spike protein triggers a superior immune response to SARS-CoV-2. npj Vaccines 7:1.
Crossref
François Balloux, Cedric Tan, Leo Swadling, Damien Richard, Charlotte Jenner, Mala Maini & Lucy van Dorp. (2022) The past, current and future epidemiological dynamic of SARS-CoV-2. Oxford Open Immunology 3:1.
Crossref
Jennifer L. J. Heaney, Sian Faustini, Lili Evans, Alec Rapson, Emily Collman, Annabelle Emery, John P. Campbell, Sally Moore, Margaret Goodall, Zaheer Afzal, Iain L. Chapple, Guy Pratt & Mark T. Drayson. (2022) Investigating the utility of saliva immunoglobulins for the detection of myeloma and using myeloma proteins to clarify partition between oral and systemic immunity. European Journal of Haematology 108:6, pages 493-502.
Crossref
Khaled AboulFotouh, Haiyue Xu, Chaeho Moon, Robert O. WilliamsIIIIII & Zhengrong Cui. (2022) Development of (Inhalable) Dry Powder Formulations of AS01B-Containing Vaccines Using Thin-Film Freeze-Drying. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 622, pages 121825.
Crossref
Marcin Goławski, Piotr Lewandowski, Iwona Jabłońska & Marcin Delijewski. (2022) The Reassessed Potential of SARS-CoV-2 Attenuation for COVID-19 Vaccine Development—A Systematic Review. Viruses 14:5, pages 991.
Crossref
Carlo Brogna, Barbara Brogna, Domenico Rocco Bisaccia, Marino Giuliano, Luigi Montano, Simone Cristoni, Mauro Petrillo & Marina Piscopo. (2022) SARS-CoV-2: Reinfection after 18 Months of a Previous Case with Multiple Negative Nasopharyngeal Swab Tests and Positive Fecal Molecular Test. Medicina 58:5, pages 642.
Crossref
Igor Rudan, Davies Adeloye & Aziz Sheikh. (2022) COVID-19: vaccines, efficacy and effects on variants. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 28:3, pages 180-191.
Crossref
Alessandra Colombini, Marco Viganò, Rossella Tomaiuolo, Chiara Di Resta, Francesca Corea, Eleonora Sabetta, Davide Ferrari, Elena De Vecchi, Sestina Maria Spanò & Giuseppe Banfi. (2022) Exploratory assessment of serological tests to determine antibody titer against SARS‐CoV‐2: Appropriateness and limits. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 36:5.
Crossref
Bandar Hamad Aloufi, Mejdi Snoussi & Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman. (2022) Antiviral Efficacy of Selected Natural Phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Using Structure-Based Drug Designing. Molecules 27:8, pages 2401.
Crossref
Yulia Desheva. 2022. Vaccine Development. Vaccine Development.
Violette Mouro & Alain Fischer. (2022) Dealing with a mucosal viral pandemic: lessons from COVID-19 vaccines. Mucosal Immunology 15:4, pages 584-594.
Crossref
Kah-Whye Peng, Timothy Carey, Patrycja Lech, Rianna Vandergaast, Miguel Á. Muñoz-Alía, Nandakumar Packiriswamy, Clement Gnanadurai, Karina Krotova, Mulu Tesfay, Christopher Ziegler, Michelle Haselton, Kara Sevola, Chase Lathrum, Samantha Reiter, Riya Narjari, Baskar Balakrishnan, Lukkana Suksanpaisan, Toshie Sakuma, Jordan Recker, Lianwen Zhang, Scott Waniger, Luke Russell, Christopher D. Petro, Christos A. Kyratsous, Alina Baum, Jody L. Janecek, Rachael M. Lee, Sabarinathan Ramachandran, Melanie L. Graham & Stephen J. Russell. (2022) Boosting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity in nonhuman primates using an oral rhabdoviral vaccine. Vaccine 40:15, pages 2342-2351.
Crossref
Sanchita Kar, Popy Devnath, Talha B. Emran, Trina E. Tallei, Saikat Mitra & Kuldeep Dhama. (2022) Oral and intranasal vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2: Current progress, prospects, advantages, and challenges. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease 10:4.
Crossref
Mahender Aileni, Gulab Khan Rohela, Phanikanth Jogam, Shakuntala Soujanya & Baohong Zhang. (2022) Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms. Cells 11:7, pages 1182.
Crossref
Jialu Huang, Yubo Ding, Jingwei Yao, Minghui Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zhuoyi Xie & Jianhong Zuo. (2022) Nasal Nanovaccines for SARS-CoV-2 to Address COVID-19. Vaccines 10:3, pages 405.
Crossref
Sara Terreri, Eva Piano Mortari, Maria Rosaria Vinci, Cristina Russo, Claudia Alteri, Christian Albano, Francesca Colavita, Giulia Gramigna, Chiara Agrati, Giulia Linardos, Luana Coltella, Luna Colagrossi, Gloria Deriu, Marta Ciofi Degli Atti, Caterina Rizzo, Marco Scarsella, Rita Brugaletta, Vincenzo Camisa, Annapaola Santoro, Giuseppe Roscilli, Emiliano Pavoni, Alessia Muzi, Nicola Magnavita, Rossana Scutari, Alberto Villani, Massimiliano Raponi, Franco Locatelli, Carlo Federico Perno, Salvatore Zaffina & Rita Carsetti. (2022) Persistent B cell memory after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is functional during breakthrough infections. Cell Host & Microbe 30:3, pages 400-408.e4.
Crossref
Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Antonio Di Guardo, Anna Lagni, Virginia Lotti, Erica Diani, Mohsen Navari & Davide Gibellini. (2022) COVID-19 Vaccine: Between Myth and Truth. Vaccines 10:3, pages 349.
Crossref
Aqu Alu, Li Chen, Hong Lei, Yuquan Wei, Xiaohe Tian & Xiawei Wei. (2022) Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed. eBioMedicine 76, pages 103841.
Crossref
Marcela Pereira, Ju Kyoung Oh, Dae-Kyung Kang, Lars Engstrand & Valerie Diane Valeriano. (2022) Hacking Commensal Bacteria to Consolidate the Adaptive Mucosal Immune Response in the Gut–Lung Axis: Future Possibilities for SARS-CoV-2 Protection. BioTech 11:1, pages 3.
Crossref
Yingqi Jin, Chen Hou, Yonghao Li, Kang Zheng & Chuan Wang. (2022) mRNA Vaccine: How to Meet the Challenge of SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in Immunology 12.
Crossref
Daniele Focosi, Fabrizio Maggi & Arturo Casadevall. (2022) Mucosal Vaccines, Sterilizing Immunity, and the Future of SARS-CoV-2 Virulence. Viruses 14:2, pages 187.
Crossref
Kacper Karczmarzyk & Małgorzata Kęsik-Brodacka. (2022) Attacking the Intruder at the Gate: Prospects of Mucosal Anti SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. Pathogens 11:2, pages 117.
Crossref
S. S. Zainutdinov, G. F. Sivolobova, V. B. Loktev & G. V. Kochneva. (2022) Mucosal immunity and vaccines against viral infections. Problems of Virology 66:6, pages 399-408.
Crossref
Lorenzo Azzi, Daniela Dalla Gasperina, Giovanni Veronesi, Mariam Shallak, Giuseppe Ietto, Domenico Iovino, Andreina Baj, Francesco Gianfagna, Vittorio Maurino, Daniele Focosi, Fabrizio Maggi, Marco Mario Ferrario, Francesco Dentali, Giulio Carcano, Angelo Tagliabue, Lorenzo Stefano Maffioli, Roberto Sergio Accolla & Greta Forlani. (2022) Mucosal immune response in BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine recipients. eBioMedicine 75, pages 103788.
Crossref
Aakriti Dubey, Shweta Choudhary, Pravindra Kumar & Shailly Tomar. (2021) Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Genetic Variability and Clinical Implications. Current Microbiology 79:1.
Crossref
Santosh Shenoy. (2021) Gut microbiome, Vitamin D, ACE2 interactions are critical factors in immune-senescence and inflammaging: key for vaccine response and severity of COVID-19 infection. Inflammation Research 71:1, pages 13-26.
Crossref
Amanda Izeli Portilho, Victor Araujo Correa, Emanuelle Baldo Gaspar & Elizabeth De Gaspari. 2022. Frontiers of COVID-19. Frontiers of COVID-19 539 559 .
Nadezhda O. Kryukova, Ekaterina B. Rakunova, M. P. Kostinov, Irina A. Baranova & Oxana A. Svitich. (2021) Secretory immunoglobulin A of the respiratory system and COVID-19. PULMONOLOGIYA 31:6, pages 792-798.
Crossref
Swapan K. Chatterjee, Snigdha Saha & Maria Nilda M. Munoz. (2021) Activation of mucosal immunity and novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy in combating COVID-19. Exploration of Immunology.
Crossref
L. P. Titov & M. V. Sprindzuk. (2021) COVID-19: pathogen characteristics, natural and adaptive immune response mechanisms, genetic diversity and distribution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series 18:4, pages 497-512.
Crossref
Claude Matuchansky. (2021) Mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2: a clinically relevant key to deciphering natural and vaccine-induced defences. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 27:12, pages 1724-1726.
Crossref
Xuemei He, Cai He, Weiqi Hong, Kang Zhang & Xiawei Wei. (2021) The challenges of COVID‐19 Delta variant: Prevention and vaccine development. MedComm 2:4, pages 846-854.
Crossref
Tong Wang, Fanhua Wei, Litao Liu, Yan Sun, Jingwei Song, Mingyang Wang, Jizhe Yang, Chengye Li & Jinhua Liu. (2021) Recombinant HA1-ΔfliC enhances adherence to respiratory epithelial cells and promotes the superiorly protective immune responses against H9N2 influenza virus in chickens. Veterinary Microbiology 262, pages 109238.
Crossref
Letian Li, Maopeng Wang, Jiayi Hao, Jicheng Han, Tingting Fu, Jieying Bai, Mingyao Tian, Ningyi Jin, Guangze Zhu & Chang Li. (2021) Mucosal IgA response elicited by intranasal immunization of Lactobacillus plantarum expressing surface-displayed RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 190, pages 409-416.
Crossref
JC Aguilar, Jorge Aguiar, Gerardo García, Mohammad H Uddin, Sheikh MF Akbar, Isabel Gonzalez, Zurina Cinza, Nelvis Figueroa, Eduardo Penton, Mamun A Mahtab, Yoel A Fleites, Monica Bequet, Elieser Marrero, Maritania Vizcaíno, Idelsis Esquivel, Marisol Diaz, Adriana Sin-Mayor, Maura Garcia, Sara M Martinez, Abrahan Beato, Ana G Galarraga, Yssel Mendoza-Mari, Iris Valdés, Gilda Lemos, Camila Canaán-Haden, Rachel Oquendo, Gerardo E Guillén & Verena L Muzio. (2021) HeberNasvac, a Therapeutic Vaccine for Chronic Hepatitis B, Stimulates Local and Systemic Markers of Innate Immunity: Potential Use in SARS-CoV-2 Postexposure Prophylaxis. Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology 11:2, pages 59-70.
Crossref
Ahmed M. Almehdi, Ghalia Khoder, Aminah S. Alchakee, Azizeh T. Alsayyid, Nadin H. Sarg & Sameh S. M. Soliman. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: pathogenesis, vaccines, and potential therapies. Infection 49:5, pages 855-876.
Crossref
Eva Piano Mortari, Cristina Russo, Maria Rosaria Vinci, Sara Terreri, Ane Fernandez Salinas, Livia Piccioni, Claudia Alteri, Luna Colagrossi, Luana Coltella, Stefania Ranno, Giulia Linardos, Marilena Agosta, Christian Albano, Chiara Agrati, Concetta Castilletti, Silvia Meschi, Paolo Romania, Giuseppe Roscilli, Emiliano Pavoni, Vincenzo Camisa, Annapaola Santoro, Rita Brugaletta, Nicola Magnavita, Alessandra Ruggiero, Nicola Cotugno, Donato Amodio, Marta Luisa Ciofi Degli Atti, Daniela Giorgio, Nicoletta Russo, Guglielmo Salvatori, Tiziana Corsetti, Franco Locatelli, Carlo Federico Perno, Salvatore Zaffina & Rita Carsetti. (2021) Highly Specific Memory B Cells Generation after the 2nd Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine Compensate for the Decline of Serum Antibodies and Absence of Mucosal IgA. Cells 10:10, pages 2541.
Crossref
K. Amith Kumar, Monica Sharma, Vikram Dalal, Vishakha Singh, Shailly Tomar & Pravindra Kumar. (2021) Multifunctional inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 by MM/PBSA, essential dynamics, and molecular dynamic investigations. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling 107, pages 107969.
Crossref
William Walkowski, Justin Bassett, Manmeet Bhalla, Blaine A. Pfeifer & Elsa N. Bou Ghanem. (2021) Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Technology for Respiratory Tract Disease Application with a Special Emphasis on Pneumococcal Disease. Vaccines 9:6, pages 589.
Crossref
Stéphane Derruau, Jérôme Bouchet, Ali Nassif, Alexandre Baudet, Kazutoyo Yasukawa, Sandrine Lorimier, Isabelle Prêcheur, Agnès Bloch-Zupan, Bernard Pellat, Hélène Chardin & Sophie Jung. (2021) COVID-19 and Dentistry in 72 Questions: An Overview of the Literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine 10:4, pages 779.
Crossref
Maria Fernanda Jabif, Emanuel Gumina, Jeffrey W. Hall, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco & Sherry Layton. (2021) Evaluation of a Novel Mucosal Administered Subunit Vaccine on Colostrum IgA and Serum IgG in Sows and Control of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Neonatal and Weanling Piglets: Proof of Concept. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8.
Crossref
Yongjun Sui, Yonas Bekele & Jay A. Berzofsky. (2021) Potential SARS-CoV-2 Immune Correlates of Protection in Infection and Vaccine Immunization. Pathogens 10:2, pages 138.
Crossref
Riadh Badraoui, Mohd Adnan, Fevzi Bardakci & Mousa M. Alreshidi. (2021) Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Interact Differently with ACE2 Domains Reported to Bind with the Coronavirus Spike Protein: Mediation by ACE2 Polymorphism. Molecules 26:3, pages 673.
Crossref
Donald Johnson, Randi Searcy & Beranton Whisenant. 2021. Critical Care of COVID-19 in the Emergency Department. Critical Care of COVID-19 in the Emergency Department 151 166 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.