Advanced search
Publication Cover
Molecular and Cellular Biology Volume 16, 1996 - Issue 11
Submit an article Journal homepage
19
Views
51
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

TC21 Causes Transformation by Raf-Independent Signaling Pathways

Suzanne M. Graham1 Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599
,
Anne B. Vojtek2 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington98104
,
Shayne Y. Huff3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599
,
Adrienne D. Cox4 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599;5 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599;6 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599
,
Geoffrey J. Clark5 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599
,
Jonathan A. Cooper2 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington98104
&
Channing J. Der1 Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599;5 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599;6 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599
 show all
Pages 6132-6140 | Received 16 May 1996, Accepted 09 Aug 1996, Published online: 29 Mar 2023

Citations (51)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (3)

Balbino Alarcón & Nuria Martínez-Martín. (2012) RRas2, RhoG and T-cell phagocytosis. Small GTPases 3:2, pages 97-101.
Read now
Aidan McFall, Aylin ülkuü, Que T. Lambert, Andrea Kusa, Kelley Rogers-Graham & Channing J. Der. (2001) Oncogenic Ras Blocks Anoikis by Activation of a Novel Effector Pathway Independent of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase. Molecular and Cellular Biology 21:16, pages 5488-5499.
Read now
Cristina E. Tognon, Heather E. Kirk, Lori A. Passmore, Ian P. Whitehead, Channing J. Der & Robert J. Kay. (1998) Regulation of RasGRP via a Phorbol Ester-Responsive C1 Domain. Molecular and Cellular Biology 18:12, pages 6995-7008.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (48)

Chaonan Yu, Nan Lyn, Dongxiao Li, ShiYue Mei, Lei Liu & Qing Shang. (2023) Clinical analysis of Noonan syndrome caused by RRAS2 mutations and literature review. European Journal of Medical Genetics 66:1, pages 104675.
Crossref
Lick Pui Lai, Nicole Fer, William Burgan, Vanessa E. Wall, Bingfang Xu, Daniel Soppet, Dominic Esposito, Dwight V. Nissley & Frank McCormick. (2022) Classical RAS proteins are not essential for paradoxical ERK activation induced by RAF inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119:5.
Crossref
Shannon M. Weber, Nicole M. Brossier, Amanda Prechtl, Stephen Barnes, Landon S. Wilson, Stephanie N. Brosius, Jody Fromm Longo & Steven L. Carroll. (2021) R-Ras subfamily proteins elicit distinct physiologic effects and phosphoproteome alterations in neurofibromin-null MPNST cells. Cell Communication and Signaling 19:1.
Crossref
YuShi Wang, Shichao Xiu, Shengnan Zhang & Chunying Jiang. (2020) Effect of grinding parameters on microstructure evolution of TC21 titanium alloy with bimodal starting microstructure. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 831, pages 154882.
Crossref
Tetsuya Niihori, Koki Nagai, Atsushi Fujita, Hirofumi Ohashi, Nobuhiko Okamoto, Satoshi Okada, Atsuko Harada, Hirotaka Kihara, Thomas Arbogast, Ryo Funayama, Matsuyuki Shirota, Keiko Nakayama, Taiki Abe, Shin-ichi Inoue, I-Chun Tsai, Naomichi Matsumoto, Erica E. Davis, Nicholas Katsanis & Yoko Aoki. (2019) Germline-Activating RRAS2 Mutations Cause Noonan Syndrome. The American Journal of Human Genetics 104:6, pages 1233-1240.
Crossref
James V. Michael & Lawrence E. Goldfinger. (2019) Concepts and advances in cancer therapeutic vulnerabilities in RAS membrane targeting. Seminars in Cancer Biology 54, pages 121-130.
Crossref
Romain M. Larive, Giulia Moriggi, Mauricio Menacho-Márquez, Marta Cañamero, Enrique de Álava, Balbino Alarcón, Mercedes Dosil & Xosé R. Bustelo. (2014) Contribution of the R-Ras2 GTP-binding protein to primary breast tumorigenesis and late-stage metastatic disease. Nature Communications 5:1.
Crossref
Romain M. Larive, Antonio Abad, Clara M. Cardaba, Teresa Hernández, Marta Cañamero, Enrique de Álava, Eugenio Santos, Balbino Alarcón & Xosé R. Bustelo. (2012) The Ras-like protein R-Ras2/TC21 is important for proper mammary gland development. Molecular Biology of the Cell 23:12, pages 2373-2387.
Crossref
Alberto Fernández-Medarde & Eugenio Santos. (2011) The RasGrf family of mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer 1815:2, pages 170-188.
Crossref
Muzafar A. Macha, Ajay Matta, Uma Sriram, Alok Thakkar, N. K. Shukla, Siddhartha Datta Gupta & Ranju Ralhan. (2009) Clinical significance of TC21 overexpression in oral cancer. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 39:6, pages 477-485.
Crossref
Gretchen A. Repasky, Adrienne D. Cox, Ariella B. Hanker, Natalia Mitin & Channing J. Der. 2010. Handbook of Cell Signaling. Handbook of Cell Signaling 1753 1762 .
Pilar Delgado, Beatriz Cubelos, Enrique Calleja, Nuria Martínez-Martín, Angel Ciprés, Isabel Mérida, Carmen Bellas, Xosé R Bustelo & Balbino Alarcón. (2009) Essential function for the GTPase TC21 in homeostatic antigen receptor signaling. Nature Immunology 10:8, pages 880-888.
Crossref
Etsuko Keduka, Ai Kaiho, Mayuko Hamada, Haruko Watanabe-Takano, Kazunori Takano, Michio Ogasawara, Yutaka Satou, Nori Satoh & Takeshi Endo. (2009) M-Ras evolved independently of R-Ras and its neural function is conserved between mammalian and ascidian, which lacks classical Ras. Gene 429:1-2, pages 49-58.
Crossref
Matjaž Rokavec, Werner Schroth, Sandra M.C. Amaral, Peter Fritz, Lydia Antoniadou, Damjan Glavač, Wolfgang Simon, Matthias Schwab, Michel Eichelbaum & Hiltrud Brauch. (2008) A Polymorphism in the TC21 Promoter Associates with an Unfavorable Tamoxifen Treatment Outcome in Breast Cancer . Cancer Research 68:23, pages 9799-9808.
Crossref
Jean De Gunzburg. 2006. RAS Family GTPases. RAS Family GTPases 295 339 .
Gretchen A. Murphy, Adrienne D. Cox & Channing J. Der. 2003. Handbook of Cell Signaling. Handbook of Cell Signaling 681 688 .
Rebecca L Pratt & Michael S Kinch. (2002) Activation of the EphA2 tyrosine kinase stimulates the MAP/ERK kinase signaling cascade. Oncogene 21:50, pages 7690-7699.
Crossref
Annette Ehrhardt, Götz R.A Ehrhardt, Xuecui Guo & John W Schrader. (2002) Ras and relatives—job sharing and networking keep an old family together. Experimental Hematology 30:10, pages 1089-1106.
Crossref
Gretchen A. Murphy, Suzanne M. Graham, Staeci Morita, Sarah E. Reks, Kelley Rogers-Graham, Anne Vojtek, Grant G. Kelley & Channing J. Der. (2002) Involvement of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, but Not RalGDS, in TC21/R-Ras2-mediated Transformation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277:12, pages 9966-9975.
Crossref
Rong Rong, Qin He, Yusen Liu, M Saeed Sheikh & Ying Huang. (2002) TC21 mediates transformation and cell survival via activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncogene 21:7, pages 1062-1070.
Crossref
Suo-Bao Rong, Istvan J. Enyedy, Lixin Qiao, Lianyun Zhao, Dawei Ma, Larry L. Pearce, Patricia S. Lorenzo, James C. Stone, Peter M. Blumberg, Shaomeng Wang & Alan P. Kozikowski. (2002) Structural Basis of RasGRP Binding to High-Affinity PKC Ligands. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45:4, pages 853-860.
Crossref
Claudia Figueroa, Jennifer Taylor & Anne B. Vojtek. (2001) Prenylated Rab Acceptor Protein Is a Receptor for Prenylated Small GTPases. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276:30, pages 28219-28225.
Crossref
Yoshimi Takai, Takuya Sasaki & Takashi Matozaki. (2001) Small GTP-Binding Proteins. Physiological Reviews 81:1, pages 153-208.
Crossref
Suzanne M. Graham, Kelley Rogers-Graham, Claudia Figueroa, Channing J. Der & Anne B. Vojtek. 2001. Regulators and Effectors of Small GTPases, Part G. Regulators and Effectors of Small GTPases, Part G 203 216 .
Alfred Wittinghofer & Herbert Waldmann. (2000) Ras—A Molecular Switch Involved in Tumor Formation. Angewandte Chemie 39:23, pages 4192-4214.
Crossref
Alfred Wittinghofer & Herbert Waldmann. (2000) Ras – ein molekularer Schalter bei der Tumorentstehung. Angewandte Chemie 112:23, pages 4360-4383.
Crossref
Jonelle K. Drugan, Kelley Rogers-Graham, Tona Gilmer, Sharon Campbell & Geoffrey J. Clark. (2000) The Ras/p120 GTPase-activating Protein (GAP) Interaction Is Regulated by the p120 GAP Pleckstrin Homology Domain. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275:45, pages 35021-35027.
Crossref
Elena V Rusyn, Evangeline R Reynolds, Haipeng Shao, Theresa M Grana, Tung O Chan, Douglas A Andres & Adrienne D Cox. (2000) Rit, a non-lipid-modified Ras-related protein, transforms NIH3T3 cells without activating the ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK or PI3K/Akt pathways. Oncogene 19:41, pages 4685-4694.
Crossref
Shigeko Yamashita, Naoki Mochizuki, Yusuke Ohba, Minoru Tobiume, Yuki Okada, Hirofumi Sawa, Kazuo Nagashima & Michiyuki Matsuda. (2000) CalDAG-GEFIII Activation of Ras, R-Ras, and Rap1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275:33, pages 25488-25493.
Crossref
Yusuke Ohba, Naoki Mochizuki, Shigeko Yamashita, Andrew M. Chan, John W. Schrader, Seisuke Hattori, Kazuo Nagashima & Michiyuki Matsuda. (2000) Regulatory Proteins of R-Ras, TC21/R-Ras2, and M-Ras/R-Ras3. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275:26, pages 20020-20026.
Crossref
Gary W Reuther & Channing J Der. (2000) The Ras branch of small Gtpases: Ras family members don’t fall far from the tree. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 12:2, pages 157-165.
Crossref
Herbert Waldmann & Michael Thutewohl. 2001. Bioorganic Chemistry of Biological Signal Transduction. Bioorganic Chemistry of Biological Signal Transduction 117 130 .
Haipeng Shao, Keiko Kadono-Okuda, Brian S. Finlin & Douglas A. Andres. (1999) Biochemical Characterization of the Ras-Related GTPases Rit and Rin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 371:2, pages 207-219.
Crossref
Nieves Movilla, Piero Crespo & Xosé R Bustelo. (1999) Signal transduction elements of TC21, an oncogenic member of the R-Ras subfamily of GTP-binding proteins. Oncogene 18:43, pages 5860-5869.
Crossref
Lawrence A. Quilliam, Ariel F. Castro, Kelley S. Rogers-Graham, Carol B. Martin, Channing J. Der & Chen Bi. (1999) M-Ras/R-Ras3, a Transforming Ras Protein Regulated by Sos1, GRF1, and p120 Ras GTPase-activating Protein, Interacts with the Putative Ras Effector AF6. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274:34, pages 23850-23857.
Crossref
Larry A. Feig. (1999) Tools of the trade: use of dominant-inhibitory mutants of Ras-family GTPases. Nature Cell Biology 1:2, pages E25-E27.
Crossref
Patricia J. Keely, Elena V. Rusyn, Adrienne D. Cox & Leslie V. Parise. (1999) R-Ras Signals through Specific Integrin α Cytoplasmic Domains to Promote Migration and Invasion of Breast Epithelial Cells. Journal of Cell Biology 145:5, pages 1077-1088.
Crossref
Suzanne M Graham, Sean M Oldham, Carol B Martin, Jonelle K Drugan, Irene E Zohn, Sharon Campbell & Channing J Der. (1999) TC21 and Ras share indistinguishable transforming and differentiating activities. Oncogene 18:12, pages 2107-2116.
Crossref
Rina Plattner, Swati Gupta, Roya Khosravi-Far, Kevin Y Sato, Manuel Perucho, Channing J Der & Eric J Stanbridge. (1999) Differential contribution of the ERK and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades to Ras transformation of HT1080 fibrosarcoma and DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells. Oncogene 18:10, pages 1807-1817.
Crossref
Athena W. Lin, Marta Barradas, James C. Stone, Linda van Aelst, Manuel Serrano & Scott W. Lowe. (1998) Premature senescence involving p53 and p16 is activated in response to constitutive MEK/MAPK mitogenic signaling. Genes & Development 12:19, pages 3008-3019.
Crossref
Michael H Gelb, Jeffrey D Scholten & Judith S Sebolt-Leopold. (1998) Protein prenylation: from discovery to prospects for cancer treatment. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2:1, pages 40-48.
Crossref
J. R. Slupsky, C. K. Weber, S. Ludwig & U. R. Rapp. 1997. Cell Growth and Oncogenesis. Cell Growth and Oncogenesis 75 95 .
Thorsten Rosenbaum, Kevin M. Patrie & Nancy Ratner. (2016) Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Genetic and Cellular Mechanisms of Peripheral Nerve Tumor Formation. The Neuroscientist 3:6, pages 412-420.
Crossref
Johannes L Bos. (1997) Ras-like GTPases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer 1333:2, pages M19-M31.
Crossref
. (1997) Transcriptional regulation of the Ras-related protein TC21/R-Ras2 in endothelial cells. FEBS Letters 414:2, pages 239-242.
Crossref
Adrienne D Cox & Channing J Der. (1997) Farnesyltransferase inhibitors and cancer treatment: targeting simply Ras?. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer 1333:1, pages F51-F71.
Crossref
Geoffrey J. Clark, Michael S. Kinch, Kelley Rogers-Graham, Said M. Sebti, Andrew D. Hamilton & Channing J. Der. (1997) The Ras-related Protein Rheb Is Farnesylated and Antagonizes Ras Signaling and Transformation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272:16, pages 10608-10615.
Crossref
Roya Khosravi-Far, Sharon Campbell, Kent L. Rossman & Channing J. Der. 1997. 57 107 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.