902
Views
98
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

An open-label, single-arm pilot study in patients with severe plaque-type psoriasis treated with an oral anti-inflammatory agent, apremilast*

, , , , , & show all
Pages 1529-1538 | Accepted 21 Mar 2008, Published online: 16 Apr 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (21)

Rithi J. Chandy, Sarah G. Bridgeman, Brandon M. Godinich & Steven R. Feldman. (2023) New synthetic pharmacotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 24:8, pages 959-967.
Read now
Jehan Mohammad Nazri, Katerina Oikonomopoulou, Elvin D. de Araujo, Dziyana Kraskouskaya, Patrick T. Gunning & Vinod Chandran. (2023) Histone deacetylase inhibitors as a potential new treatment for psoriatic disease and other inflammatory conditions. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 60:4, pages 300-320.
Read now
Julia Cheng, Paola Facheris, Benjamin Ungar & Emma Guttman-Yassky. (2022) Current emerging and investigational drugs for the treatment of chronic hand eczema. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 31:8, pages 843-853.
Read now
Ramya Vangipuram & Ali Alikhan. (2017) Apremilast for the management of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 10:4, pages 349-360.
Read now
Luca Bianchi, Ester Del Duca, Marco Romanelli, Rosita Saraceno, Sergio Chimenti & Andrea Chiricozzi. (2016) Pharmacodynamic assessment of apremilast for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 12:9, pages 1121-1128.
Read now
Xiaoyu Qu, Sixi Zhang, Lina Tao & Yanqing Song. (2016) A meta-analysis of apremilast on psoriatic arthritis long-term assessment of clinical efficacy (PALACE). Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 9:6, pages 799-805.
Read now
Andrea Chiricozzi, Dante Caposiena, Virginia Garofalo, Maria Vittoria Cannizzaro, Sergio Chimenti & Rosita Saraceno. (2016) A new therapeutic for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: apremilast. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 12:3, pages 237-249.
Read now
Mindi S Miller. (2015) Phosphodiesterase inhibition in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: current status and potential. Journal of Receptor, Ligand and Channel Research 8, pages 19-30.
Read now
Alejandro Souto & Juan J Gómez-Reino. (2015) Apremilast for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 11:12, pages 1281-1290.
Read now
Maria Sole Chimenti, Talia Gramiccia, Rosita Saraceno, Luca Bianchi, Virginia Garofalo, Oreste Buonomo, Roberto Perricone, Sergio Chimenti & Andrea Chiricozzi. (2015) Apremilast for the treatment of psoriasis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 16:13, pages 2083-2094.
Read now
Hunar Abdulrahim, Samuel Thistleton, Adewale O Adebajo, Tim Shaw, Christopher Edwards & Alvin Wells. (2015) Apremilast: a PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 16:7, pages 1099-1108.
Read now
Alberto Cauli, Giovanni Porru, Matteo Piga, Alessandra Vacca, Grazia Dessole & Alessandro Mathieu. (2014) Clinical potential of apremilast in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. ImmunoTargets and Therapy 3, pages 91-96.
Read now
Sowmya Varada, Suzanne J Tintle & Alice B Gottlieb. (2014) Apremilast for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 7:3, pages 239-250.
Read now
Lukas Flatz & Curdin Conrad. (2013) Role of T-cell-mediated inflammation in psoriasis: pathogenesis and targeted therapy. Psoriasis: Targets and Therapy 3, pages 1-10.
Read now
Andrew C Palfreeman, Kay E McNamee & Fiona E McCann. (2013) New developments in the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a focus on apremilast. Drug Design, Development and Therapy 7, pages 201-210.
Read now
Brandon Shutty, Cameron West, Megan Pellerin & Steven Feldman. (2012) Apremilast as a treatment for psoriasis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 13:12, pages 1761-1770.
Read now
Matthew Hoffmann, Gondi Kumar, Peter Schafer, Dorota Cedzik, Lori Capone, Kei-Lai Fong, Zheming Gu, Dennis Heller, Hao Feng, Sekhar Surapaneni, Oscar Laskin & Anfan Wu. (2011) Disposition, metabolism and mass balance of [14C]apremilast following oral administration. Xenobiotica 41:12, pages 1063-1075.
Read now
Ignazio Olivieri, Salvatore D'Angelo, Carlo Palazzi, Ennio Lubrano & Pietro Leccese. (2010) Emerging drugs for psoriatic arthritis. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 15:3, pages 399-414.
Read now
Rajkumar Savai, Soni Savai Pullamsetti, Gamal-Andre Banat, Norbert Weissmann, Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani, Friedrich Grimminger & Ralph Theo Schermuly. (2010) Targeting cancer with phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 19:1, pages 117-131.
Read now
Lluís Pagès, Amadeu Gavaldà & Martin D Lehner. (2009) PDE4 inhibitors: a review of current developments (2005 – 2009). Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 19:11, pages 1501-1519.
Read now
R Andrew McIvor. (2008) Roflumilast: systemic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 2:5, pages 539-549.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (77)

Yung-Fong Tsai, Chun-Yu Chen, Shun-Chin Yang, Yu-Ting Syu & Tsong-Long Hwang. (2023) Apremilast ameliorates acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting neutrophil-induced oxidative stress. Biomedical Journal 46:4, pages 100560.
Crossref
Naif O. Al-Harbi, Faisal Imam, Mohammad Matar Al-Harbi, Wajhul Qamar, Khaldoon Aljerian, Md. Khalid Anwer, Mohammed Alharbi, Sultan Almudimeegh, Abdullah S. Alhamed & Ali A Alshamrani. (2023) Effect of Apremilast on LPS-induced immunomodulation and inflammation via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in rat lungs. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 31:7, pages 1327-1338.
Crossref
Hee J. Kim, Ester Del Duca, Ana B. Pavel, Giselle K. Singer, Brian J. Abittan, Margot A. Chima, Grace Kimmel, Jennifer Bares, Danielle Baum, Matthew Gagliotti, Jordan Genece, Justin Chu, Mark G. Lebwohl & Emma Guttman-Yassky. (2022) Apremilast and narrowband ultraviolet B combination therapy suppresses Th17 axis and promotes melanogenesis in vitiligo skin: a randomized, split-body, pilot study in skin types IV–VI. Archives of Dermatological Research 315:2, pages 215-221.
Crossref
Martin Alexander Schick & Nicolas Schlegel. (2022) Clinical Implication of Phosphodiesterase-4-Inhibition. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23:3, pages 1209.
Crossref
Julia Larsson, Edmund Hoppe, Michael Gautrois, Marija Cvijovic & Mats Jirstrand. (2021) Second-generation TNFα turnover model for improved analysis of test compound interventions in LPS challenge studies. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 165, pages 105937.
Crossref
Natsuki Kubota-Ishida, Takashi Matsuhira, Chizuko Kaji, Chika Kikuchi & Yuji Tabata. (2021) Anti-inflammatory effects of a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, AA6216, in mouse dermatitis models. European Journal of Pharmacology 906, pages 174258.
Crossref
Hanuman Narode, Manoj Gayke, Gyanchander Eppa & Jhillu Singh Yadav. (2021) A Review on Synthetic Advances toward the Synthesis of Apremilast, an Anti-inflammatory Drug. Organic Process Research & Development 25:7, pages 1512-1523.
Crossref
Dipak R. Patel, Shweta Urva, Stephen Ho, Cody J. Buckman, Yanfei Ma, Jean Lim, Sean E. Sissons, Mary S. Zuniga, Diane Philips, Karen Cox & Daniel J. Dairaghi. (2021) Characterization of LY2775240, a selective phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitor, in nonclinical models and in healthy subjects. Clinical and Translational Science 14:3, pages 1037-1048.
Crossref
Rishabh Hirawat, Mohd Aslam Saifi & Chandraiah Godugu. (2021) Targeting inflammatory cytokine storm to fight against COVID-19 associated severe complications. Life Sciences 267, pages 118923.
Crossref
Anna Campanati, Miriam Caffarini, Federico Diotallevi, Giulia Radi, Guendalina Lucarini, Mariangela Di Vincenzo, Monia Orciani & Annamaria Offidani. (2020) The efficacy of in vivo administration of Apremilast on mesenchymal stem cells derived from psoriatic patients. Inflammation Research 70:1, pages 79-87.
Crossref
YuFei He, Yadan Huang, ChuTian Mai, Hudan Pan, Hai-Bin Luo, Liang Liu & Ying Xie. (2020) The immunomodulatory role of PDEs inhibitors in immune cells: therapeutic implication in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacological Research 161, pages 105134.
Crossref
Daniel Asz-Sigall & Antonella Tosti. 2020. Hair and Scalp Treatments. Hair and Scalp Treatments 177 195 .
Ankita Mehta & Bhoomika M. Patel. (2019) Therapeutic opportunities in colon cancer: Focus on phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Life Sciences 230, pages 150-161.
Crossref
Madanraj Appiya Santharam, Farhan Ullah Khan, Muhammad Naveed, Usman Ali, Muhammad Zaeem Ahsan, Puregmaa Khongorzul, Rana Muhammad Shoaib & Awais Ullah Ihsan. (2019) Interventions to chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome treatment. Where are we standing and what's next?. European Journal of Pharmacology 857, pages 172429.
Crossref
Tue W. Kragstrup, Mary Adams, Søren Lomholt, Morten A. Nielsen, Line D. Heftdal, Peter Schafer & Bent Deleuran. (2019) IL-12/IL-23p40 identified as a downstream target of apremilast in ex vivo models of arthritis . Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 11, pages 1759720X1982866.
Crossref
Sonam Kiwalkar, James T. Rosenbaum, Sergio Schwartzman, Jan Peter Dutz & Filip Van den Bosch. 2019. Axial Spondyloarthritis. Axial Spondyloarthritis 157 182 .
Feng-Yuan Wang, Qi Zhang, Zaiyong Zhang, Xiaoyi Gong, Jian-Rong Wang & Xuefeng Mei. (2018) Solid-state characterization and solubility enhancement of apremilast drug–drug cocrystals. CrystEngComm 20:39, pages 5945-5948.
Crossref
Yu. L. Korsakova & T. V. Korotaeva. (2018) Apremilast: target synthetic drug for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis. Medical Council:12, pages 136-141.
Crossref
Kristen M. Beck, Eric J. Yang, Ladi Afifian, Di Yan & Tina Bhutani. 2018. Evidence-Based Psoriasis. Evidence-Based Psoriasis 55 71 .
Jordan Huber, Gerald G. Krueger & Jason E. Hawkes. 2018. Biologic and Systemic Agents in Dermatology. Biologic and Systemic Agents in Dermatology 209 219 .
Mamitaro Ohtsuki, Yukari Okubo, Mayumi Komine, Shinichi Imafuku, Robert M. Day, Peng Chen, Rosemary Petric, Allan Maroli & Osamu Nemoto. (2017) Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in the treatment of Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Efficacy, safety and tolerability results from a phase 2b randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Dermatology 44:8, pages 873-884.
Crossref
Marco Spadaccini, Silvia D’Alessio, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet & Silvio Danese. (2017) PDE4 Inhibition and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Avenue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18:6, pages 1276.
Crossref
Yun-Deng Wu, Xiao-Hong Liu, Jian Xu, Si-Han Zhang, Kun Shen, Ling Sun, Yong-Mei He, Yan Ma & Ai-Hua Zhang. (2017) Crystal structure of an apremilast ethanol hemisolvate hemihydrate solvatomorph. Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73:6, pages 821-824.
Crossref
Yun-Deng Wu, Xiao-Lei Zhang, Xiao-Hong Liu, Jian Xu, Mei Zhang, Kun Shen, Si-Han Zhang, Yong-Mei He, Yan Ma & Ai-Hua Zhang. (2017) The preparation, characterization, structure and dissolution analysis of apremilast solvatomorphs. Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73:4, pages 305-313.
Crossref
Gillian M. Keating. (2017) Apremilast: A Review in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Drugs 77:4, pages 459-472.
Crossref
Yong Liu, Simon Zhou, Mahmoud Assaf, Jim Nissel & Maria Palmisano. (2016) Impact of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Apremilast and Metabolite M12. Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development 5:6, pages 469-479.
Crossref
Damien D. Pearse & Zoë A. Hughes. (2016) PDE4B as a microglia target to reduce neuroinflammation. Glia 64:10, pages 1698-1709.
Crossref
Melinda Gooderham, Jennifer Gavino-Velasco, Cole Clifford, Alex MacPherson, Flora Krasnoshtein & Kim Papp. (2016) A Review of Psoriasis, Therapies, and Suicide. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 20:4, pages 293-303.
Crossref
Zenas Z. N. Yiu & Richard B. Warren. (2016) Novel Oral Therapies for Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 17:3, pages 191-200.
Crossref
Andrew C. Flick, Hong X. Ding, Carolyn A. Leverett, Robert E. KyneJr.Jr., Kevin K.-C. Liu, Sarah J. Fink & Christopher J. O’Donnell. (2016) Synthetic approaches to the 2014 new drugs. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 24:9, pages 1937-1980.
Crossref
Sabela Paradela, Rosa Fernández-Torres, Walter Martínez-Gómez & Eduardo Fonseca. (2016) Apremilast en dermatología. Piel 31:3, pages 206-215.
Crossref
Miguel Perez-Aso, M. Carmen Montesinos, Aránzazu Mediero, Tuere Wilder, Peter H. Schafer & Bruce Cronstein. (2015) Apremilast, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, regulates inflammation through multiple cAMP downstream effectors. Arthritis Research & Therapy 17:1.
Crossref
Melinda Gooderham & Kim Papp. (2015) Selective Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Psoriasis: Focus on Apremilast. BioDrugs 29:5, pages 327-339.
Crossref
Jennifer C Cather & Elizabeth J Horn. (2015) Apremilast in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results from the ESTEEM studies. Clinical Investigation 5:9, pages 777-791.
Crossref
Emma D. Deeks. (2015) Apremilast: A Review in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Drugs 75:12, pages 1393-1403.
Crossref
Tiago Torres & Paulo Filipe. (2015) Small Molecules in the Treatment of Psoriasis. Drug Development Research 76:5, pages 215-227.
Crossref
Kim Papp, Kristian Reich, Craig L. Leonardi, Leon Kircik, Sergio Chimenti, Richard G.B. Langley, ChiaChi Hu, Randall M. Stevens, Robert M. Day, Kenneth B. Gordon, Neil J. Korman & Christopher E.M. Griffiths. (2015) Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Results of a phase III, randomized, controlled trial (Efficacy and Safety Trial Evaluating the Effects of Apremilast in Psoriasis [ESTEEM] 1). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 73:1, pages 37-49.
Crossref
Peter H. Schafer, Peng Chen, Lorraine Fang, Andrew Wang & Rajesh Chopra. (2015) The Pharmacodynamic Impact of Apremilast, an Oral Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, on Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Substudy Results from a Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (PALACE 1). Journal of Immunology Research 2015, pages 1-10.
Crossref
John B. KellyIIIIII, Peter Foley & Bruce E. Strober. (2015) Current and Future Oral Systemic Therapies for Psoriasis. Dermatologic Clinics 33:1, pages 91-109.
Crossref
A. López-Ferrer & A. Láiz-Alonso. (2014) Psoriatic Arthritis: An Update. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 105:10, pages 913-922.
Crossref
A. López-Ferrer & A. Laiz-Alonso. (2014) Actualización en artritis psoriásica. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 105:10, pages 913-922.
Crossref
Yong Liu, Simon Zhou, Yuntao Wan, Anfan Wu & Maria Palmisano. (2014) The impact of co‐administration of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of apremilast in healthy volunteers. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 78:5, pages 1050-1057.
Crossref
Dennis J. Cada, Kyle Ingram & Danial E. Baker. (2014) Apremilast. Hospital Pharmacy 49:8, pages 752-762.
Crossref
P.H. Schafer, A. Parton, L. Capone, D. Cedzik, H. Brady, J.F. Evans, H.-W. Man, G.W. Muller, D.I. Stirling & R. Chopra. (2014) Apremilast is a selective PDE4 inhibitor with regulatory effects on innate immunity. Cellular Signalling 26:9, pages 2016-2029.
Crossref
Alejandro Souto & Juan J Gómez-Reino. (2014) Potential role of apremilast for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 9:3, pages 259-266.
Crossref
Raewyn M. Poole & Anita D. Ballantyne. (2014) Apremilast: First Global Approval. Drugs 74:7, pages 825-837.
Crossref
Knut Schäkel, Thomas Döbel & Ina Bosselmann. (2014) Future treatment options for atopic dermatitis – Small molecules and beyond. Journal of Dermatological Science 73:2, pages 91-100.
Crossref
Phoebe D. Lu & Joni M. Mazza. 2014. Advances in Psoriasis. Advances in Psoriasis 227 242 .
Neal Kumar, Ari M Goldminz, Noori Kim & Alice B Gottlieb. (2013) Phosphodiesterase 4-targeted treatments for autoimmune diseases. BMC Medicine 11:1.
Crossref
Emily Yiping Gan, Wei-Sheng Chong & Hong Liang Tey. (2013) Therapeutic Strategies in Psoriasis Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Focus on New Agents. BioDrugs 27:4, pages 359-373.
Crossref
Vibeke Strand, Georg Schett, ChiaChi Hu & Randall M. Stevens. (2013) Patient-reported Health-related Quality of Life with Apremilast for Psoriatic Arthritis: A Phase II, Randomized, Controlled Study. The Journal of Rheumatology 40:7, pages 1158-1165.
Crossref
Peter H. Schafer & Robert M. Day. (2013) Novel systemic drugs for psoriasis: Mechanism of action for apremilast, a specific inhibitor of PDE4. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 68:6, pages 1041-1042.
Crossref
Miriam Wittmann & Philip S. Helliwell. (2013) Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibition in the Treatment of Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Dermatology and Therapy 3:1, pages 1-15.
Crossref
K.A. Papp, R. Kaufmann, D. Thaçi, C. Hu, D. Sutherland & P. Rohane. (2013) Efficacy and safety of apremilast in subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: results from a phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-comparison study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 27:3, pages e376-e383.
Crossref
Joan Paul, Clare E. Foss, Stefanie A. Hirano, Tina D. Cunningham & David M. Pariser. (2013) An open-label pilot study of apremilast for the treatment of moderate to severe lichen planus: A case series. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 68:2, pages 255-261.
Crossref
Vibeke Strand, David Fiorentino, ChiaChi Hu, Robert M Day, Randall M Stevens & Kim A Papp. (2013) Improvements in patient-reported outcomes with apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: results from a phase IIb randomized, controlled study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 11:1, pages 82.
Crossref
Philip M. Laws & Helen S. Young. (2012) Current and Emerging Systemic Treatment Strategies for Psoriasis. Drugs 72:14, pages 1867-1880.
Crossref
Gregory P. McLENNAN, Iyad KHOURDAJI, Kim A. KILLINGER, Judith A. BOURA & Kenneth M. PETERS. (2012) Apremilast in the Treatment of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Pilot Study. LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 4:3, pages 140-143.
Crossref
Kim Papp, Jennifer C Cather, Les Rosoph, Howard Sofen, Richard G Langley, Robert T Matheson, ChiaChi Hu & Robert M Day. (2012) Efficacy of apremilast in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 380:9843, pages 738-746.
Crossref
Johann E. Gudjonsson, Andrew Johnston & Charles N. Ellis. (2012) Novel systemic drugs under investigation for the treatment of psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 67:1, pages 139-147.
Crossref
Iris Ahronowitz, Joanna Harp & Kanade Shinkai. (2012) Etiology and Management of Pyoderma Gangrenosum. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 13:3, pages 191-211.
Crossref
Peter Schafer. (2012) Apremilast mechanism of action and application to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Biochemical Pharmacology 83:12, pages 1583-1590.
Crossref
Chris Rundfeldt, Hartwig Steckel, Torben Sörensen & Piotr Wlaź. (2012) The stable cyclic adenosine monophosphate analogue, dibutyryl cyclo-adenosine monophosphate (bucladesine), is active in a model of acute skin inflammation. Archives of Dermatological Research 304:4, pages 313-317.
Crossref
Chung-Hung Shih, Ling-Hung Lin, Hsin-Te Hsu, Kuo-Hsien Wang, Chi-Yin Lai, Chien-Ming Chen & Wun-Chang Ko. (2012) Hesperetin, a Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, Effectively Suppresses Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness without Influencing Xylazine/Ketamine-Induced Anesthesia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, pages 1-10.
Crossref
You-Lan Yang, Hsin-Te Hsu, Kuo-Hsien Wang, Cheng-Ying Han, Chien-Ming Chen, Chi-Ming Chen & Wun-Chang Ko. (2011) Hesperetin-7,3'-O-dimethylether selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 and effectively suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness with a high therapeutic ratio. Journal of Biomedical Science 18:1.
Crossref
Steven R FeldmanGino A VenaNicoletta Cassano. 2011. Current and Emerging Treatments for Psoriasis. Current and Emerging Treatments for Psoriasis 100 121 .
Selvakumar Subbian, Liana Tsenova, Paul O'Brien, Guibin Yang, Mi-Sun Koo, Blas Peixoto, Dorothy Fallows, Jerome B. Zeldis, George Muller & Gilla Kaplan. (2011) Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition Combined with Isoniazid Treatment of Rabbits with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Reduces Macrophage Activation and Lung Pathology. The American Journal of Pathology 179:1, pages 289-301.
Crossref
Alexandra K. Golant & Emma Guttman-Yassky. (2018) Psoriasis Treatments: A Review of the Current Research Pipeline. Psoriasis Forum 17a:1, pages 11-23.
Crossref
Wun-Chang Ko, Ling-Hung Lin, Hsin-Yi Shen, Chi-Yin Lai, Chien-Ming Chen & Chung-Hung Shih. (2011) Biochanin A, a Phytoestrogenic Isoflavone with Selective Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 4, Suppresses Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011, pages 1-13.
Crossref
Hermann Tenor, Armin Hatzelmann, Rolf Beume, Gezim Lahu, Karl Zech & Thomas D. Bethke. 2011. Phosphodiesterases as Drug Targets. Phosphodiesterases as Drug Targets 85 119 .
C. P. Page & D. Spina. 2011. Phosphodiesterases as Drug Targets. Phosphodiesterases as Drug Targets 391 414 .
Georg Schett, Victor S. Sloan, Randall M. Stevens & Peter Schafer. (2010) Apremilast: a novel PDE4 inhibitor in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 2:5, pages 271-278.
Crossref
John S Sundy. (2010) Progress in the pharmacotherapy of gout. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 22:2, pages 188-193.
Crossref
PH Schafer, A Parton, AK Gandhi, L Capone, M Adams, L Wu, JB Bartlett, MA Loveland, A Gilhar, Y-F Cheung, GS Baillie, MD Houslay, H-W Man, GW Muller & DI Stirling. (2010) Apremilast, a cAMP phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in a model of psoriasis. British Journal of Pharmacology 159:4, pages 842-855.
Crossref
Gavin J. Churchyard, Gilla Kaplan, Dorothy Fallows, Robert S. Wallis, Philip Onyebujoh & Graham A. Rook. (2009) Advances in Immunotherapy for Tuberculosis Treatment. Clinics in Chest Medicine 30:4, pages 769-782.
Crossref
Hon-Wah Man, Peter Schafer, Lu Min Wong, Rebecca T. Patterson, Laura G. Corral, Heather Raymon, Kate Blease, Jim Leisten, Michael A. Shirley, Yang Tang, Darius M. Babusis, Roger Chen, Dave Stirling & George W. Muller. (2009) Discovery of ( S )- N -{2-[1-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methanesulfonylethyl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H -isoindol-4-yl}acetamide (Apremilast), a Potent and Orally Active Phosphodiesterase 4 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitor . Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 52:6, pages 1522-1524.
Crossref
Kathy Fraser. (2009) 67th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 10:3, pages 205-210.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.