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Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Volume 14, 2017 - Issue 1
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Research Article

Ketogenic diet benefits body composition and well-being but not performance in a pilot case study of New Zealand endurance athletes

Caryn Zinn1 Auckland University of Technology (AUT). Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ). AUT Millennium17 Antares Place, Mairangi BayAucklandNew ZealandCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-7663
ORCID Icon,
Matthew Wood1 Auckland University of Technology (AUT). Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ). AUT Millennium17 Antares Place, Mairangi BayAucklandNew Zealand
,
Mikki Williden1 Auckland University of Technology (AUT). Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ). AUT Millennium17 Antares Place, Mairangi BayAucklandNew Zealand
,
Simon Chatterton1 Auckland University of Technology (AUT). Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ). AUT Millennium17 Antares Place, Mairangi BayAucklandNew Zealand
&
Ed Maunder1 Auckland University of Technology (AUT). Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ). AUT Millennium17 Antares Place, Mairangi BayAucklandNew Zealand
Article: 22 | Published online: 01 Apr 2022

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Justin Roberts, Dirk Dugdale-Duwell, Joseph Lillis, Jorge Marques Pinto, Ash Willmott, Shlomo Yeshurun, Merav Mor & Tjeu Souren. (2023) The efficacy of a home-use metabolic device (Lumen) in response to a short-term low and high carbohydrate diet in healthy volunteers. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 20:1.
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Denise Zdzieblik, Hilke Friesenborg, Albert Gollhofer & Daniel König. (2022) A high carbohydrate diet with a low glycaemic index improves training effects in male endurance athletes. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 73:7, pages 965-972.
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A. Antonio Paoli, Laura Mancin, Massimiliano Caprio, Elena Monti, Marco V. Narici, Lorenzo Cenci, Fabio Piccini, Matteo Pincella, Davide Grigoletto & Giuseppe Marcolin. (2021) Effects of 30 days of ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, metabolism, and performance in semi-professional soccer players. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 18:1.
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Jie Kang, Nicholas A. Ratamess, Avery D. Faigenbaum & Jill A. Bush. (2020) Ergogenic Properties of Ketogenic Diets in Normal-Weight Individuals: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 39:7, pages 665-675.
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Caitlin P. Bailey & Erin Hennessy. (2020) A review of the ketogenic diet for endurance athletes: performance enhancer or placebo effect?. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 17:1.
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Salvador Vargas-Molina, Jorge L. Petro, Ramón Romance, Richard B. Kreider, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Diego A. Bonilla & Javier Benítez-Porres. (2020) Effects of a ketogenic diet on body composition and strength in trained women. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 17:1.
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Fionn T McSwiney, Lorna Doyle, Daniel J Plews & Caryn Zinn. (2019) Impact Of Ketogenic Diet On Athletes: Current Insights. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 10, pages 171-183.
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Conrad P. Earnest, Jeff Rothschild, Christopher R. Harnish & Alireza Naderi. (2019) Metabolic adaptations to endurance training and nutrition strategies influencing performance. Research in Sports Medicine 27:2, pages 134-146.
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Nicholas B. Tiller, Justin D. Roberts, Liam Beasley, Shaun Chapman, Jorge M. Pinto, Lee Smith, Melanie Wiffin, Mark Russell, S. Andy Sparks, Lauren Duckworth, John O’Hara, Louise Sutton, Jose Antonio, Darryn S. Willoughby, Michael D. Tarpey, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Michael J. Ormsbee, Todd A. Astorino, Richard B. Kreider, Graham R. McGinnis, Jeffrey R. Stout, JohnEric W. Smith, Shawn M. Arent, Bill I. Campbell & Laurent Bannock. (2019) International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 16:1.
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Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Paulina M. Nowaczyk & Katarzyna Siedzik. (2019) Effect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 16:1.
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Articles from other publishers (40)

Caryn Zinn, Cliff Harvey, Timothy David Noakes, James Smith, Christopher Webster & Catherine Saenz. 2023. Ketogenic. Ketogenic 417 467 .
Anvi Rana. (2022) Weight Loss and Physical Performance with Ketogenic Diet: Overview. IJASS(International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences) 34:2, pages 87-94.
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Rainer J. Klement. (2022) Was there a need for high carbohydrate content in Neanderthal diets?. American Journal of Biological Anthropology 179:4, pages 668-677.
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Yubo Wang, Kaixiang Zhou, Vienna Wang, Dapeng Bao & Junhong Zhou. (2022) The Effects of Concurrent Training Combined with Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Aerobic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:18, pages 11542.
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Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Reza Bagheri, Hoda Bavi, Julien S. Baker, Tatiana Moro, Laura Mancin & Antonio Paoli. (2021) Ketogenic diets, physical activity and body composition: a review. British Journal of Nutrition 127:12, pages 1898-1920.
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Emma Brooks, Gilles Lamothe, Taniya S. Nagpal, Pascal Imbeault, Kristi Adamo, Jameel Kara & Éric Doucet. (2022) Acute Ingestion of Ketone Monoesters and Precursors Do Not Enhance Endurance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 32:3, pages 214-225.
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Denise Zdzieblik, Hilke Friesenborg, Albert Gollhofer & Daniel König. (2022) Effect of a High Fat Diet vs. High Carbohydrate Diets With Different Glycemic Indices on Metabolic Parameters in Male Endurance Athletes: A Pilot Trial. Frontiers in Nutrition 9.
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J. Perez-Montilla, Maria Cuevas-Cervera, Ana Gonzalez-Muñoz, Maria Garcia-Rios & Santiago Navarro-Ledesma. (2022) Efficacy of Nutritional Strategies on the Improvement of the Performance and Health of the Athlete: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:7, pages 4240.
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Wenbing Zhu. (2022) Influence of Nutritional Supplementation and Sports Training on the Physical Fitness of Track and Field Athletes. Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 19:2, pages 89-96.
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Kayla-Anne Lenferna De La Motte, Grant Schofield, Helen Kilding & Caryn Zinn. (2021) An Alternate Approach to Military Rations for Optimal Health and Performance. Military Medicine.
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Salvador Vargas-Molina, Leandro Carbone, Ramón Romance, Jorge L. Petro, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Richard B. Kreider, Diego A. Bonilla & Javier Benítez-Porres. (2021) Effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet on health parameters in resistance-trained women. European Journal of Applied Physiology 121:8, pages 2349-2359.
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Domenico Di Raimondo, Silvio Buscemi, Gaia Musiari, Giuliana Rizzo, Edoardo Pirera, Davide Corleo, Antonio Pinto & Antonino Tuttolomondo. (2021) Ketogenic Diet, Physical Activity, and Hypertension—A Narrative Review. Nutrients 13:8, pages 2567.
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Jan Vyjidák. (2021) Low carbohydrates diets and sport. Slovak Journal of Sport Science 7:1, pages 77-88.
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Lola E. Holcomb, Caitlin C. O’Neill, Elizabeth A. DeWitt & Stephen C. KolwiczJr.Jr.. (2021) The Effects of Fasting or Ketogenic Diet on Endurance Exercise Performance and Metabolism in Female Mice. Metabolites 11:6, pages 397.
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Ulrike Kämmerer, Rainer J. Klement, Fabian T. Joos, Marc Sütterlin & Monika Reuss-Borst. (2021) Low Carb and Ketogenic Diets Increase Quality of Life, Physical Performance, Body Composition, and Metabolic Health of Women with Breast Cancer. Nutrients 13:3, pages 1029.
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Barbara Frączek, Aleksandra Pięta, Adrian Burda, Paulina Mazur-Kurach & Florentyna Tyrała. (2021) Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?. Nutrients 13:3, pages 1019.
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Hyun Suk Lee & Junga Lee. (2021) Influences of Ketogenic Diet on Body Fat Percentage, Respiratory Exchange Rate, and Total Cholesterol in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:6, pages 2912.
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Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Paulina M. Nowaczyk, Natalia Główka, Anna Ziobrowska & Tomasz Podgórski. (2021) Is a Four-Week Ketogenic Diet an Effective Nutritional Strategy in CrossFit-Trained Female and Male Athletes?. Nutrients 13:3, pages 864.
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Aslı Devrim-Lanpir, Lee Hill & Beat Knechtle. (2021) Efficacy of Popular Diets Applied by Endurance Athletes on Sports Performance: Beneficial or Detrimental? A Narrative Review. Nutrients 13:2, pages 491.
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Louise M. Burke. (2020) Ketogenic low‐CHO, high‐fat diet: the future of elite endurance sport?. The Journal of Physiology 599:3, pages 819-843.
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Nancy E Murphy, Christopher T Carrigan & Lee M Margolis. (2021) High-Fat Ketogenic Diets and Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Advances in Nutrition 12:1, pages 223-233.
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Justin Tondt, William S. YancyJrJr & Eric C. Westman. (2020) Application of nutrient essentiality criteria to dietary carbohydrates. Nutrition Research Reviews 33:2, pages 260-270.
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Wen-Ching Huang, Chun-Hsu Pan, Chen-Chan Wei & Hui-Yu Huang. (2020) Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 Improves Physiological Adaptation and Performance in Triathletes through Gut Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 12:8, pages 2315.
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Xin Qi & Richard F. Tester. (2020) The ‘epileptic diet’- ketogenic and/or slow release of glucose intervention: A review. Clinical Nutrition 39:5, pages 1324-1330.
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David M. Shaw, Fabrice Merien, Andrea Braakhuis, Ed Maunder & Deborah K. Dulson. (2019) Exogenous Ketone Supplementation and Keto-Adaptation for Endurance Performance: Disentangling the Effects of Two Distinct Metabolic States. Sports Medicine 50:4, pages 641-656.
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Anna Sjödin, Fredrik Hellström, EwaCarin Sehlstedt, Michael Svensson & Jonas Burén. (2020) Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Muscle Fatigue in Healthy, Young, Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial. Nutrients 12:4, pages 955.
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Ralph Esposito, Jade Teta & Keoni Teta. 2020. Textbook of Natural Medicine. Textbook of Natural Medicine 1035 1048.e7 .
Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir, Christine Henriksen, Nancy Odden, Birgitte Nellemann, Per B. Jeppesen, Jonny Hisdal, Ane C. Westerberg & Jørgen Jensen. (2019) Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy Females. Frontiers in Physiology 10.
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X. Bigard. (2019) Les corps cétoniques et les performances en endurance. Qu’en penser en 2019 ?. Science & Sports 34:6, pages 361-373.
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Matthew B. Kaspar, Kerstin Austin, Martin Huecker & Menaka Sarav. (2019) Ketogenic Diet: from the Historical Records to Use in Elite Athletes. Current Nutrition Reports 8:4, pages 340-346.
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Richard A LaFountain, Vincent J Miller, Emily C Barnhart, Parker N Hyde, Christopher D Crabtree, Fionn T McSwiney, Mathew K Beeler, Alex Buga, Teryn N Sapper, Jay A Short, Madison L Bowling, William J Kraemer, Orlando P Simonetti, Carl M Maresh & Jeff S Volek. (2019) Extended Ketogenic Diet and Physical Training Intervention in Military Personnel. Military Medicine 184:9-10, pages e538-e547.
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Kristin L. Harvey, Lola E. Holcomb & Stephen C. KolwiczJr.Jr.. (2019) Ketogenic Diets and Exercise Performance. Nutrients 11:10, pages 2296.
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Russell Nelson, Johnathan Cheatham, Dympna Gallagher, Kevin Bigelman & Diana M. Thomas. (2018) Revisiting the United States Army body composition standards: a receiver operating characteristic analysis. International Journal of Obesity 43:8, pages 1508-1515.
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E. Angela Murphy & Terrence J. Jenkins. (2019) A ketogenic diet for reducing obesity and maintaining capacity for physical activity. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 22:4, pages 314-319.
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Sihui Ma & Katsuhiko Suzuki. (2019) Keto-Adaptation and Endurance Exercise Capacity, Fatigue Recovery, and Exercise-Induced Muscle and Organ Damage Prevention: A Narrative Review. Sports 7:2, pages 40.
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Hunter S. Waldman, Ben M. Krings, Steven A. Basham, John Eric W. Smith, Brent J. Fountain & Matthew J. McAllister. (2018) Effects of a 15-Day Low Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet in Resistance-Trained Men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 32:11, pages 3103-3111.
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Jeffrey Rothschild & Conrad Earnest. (2018) Dietary Manipulations Concurrent to Endurance Training. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 3:3, pages 41.
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Sihui Ma, Qingyi Huang, Koichi Yada, Chunhong Liu & Katsuhiko Suzuki. (2018) An 8-Week Ketogenic Low Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet Enhanced Exhaustive Exercise Capacity in Mice. Nutrients 10:6, pages 673.
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Fionn T. McSwiney, Bruce Wardrop, Parker N. Hyde, Richard A. Lafountain, Jeff S. Volek & Lorna Doyle. (2018) Keto-adaptation enhances exercise performance and body composition responses to training in endurance athletes. Metabolism 81, pages 25-34.
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