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Identity
An International Journal of Theory and Research
Volume 4, 2004 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Developing the Ethnic Identity Scale Using Eriksonian and Social Identity Perspectives

Pages 9-38 | Published online: 12 Nov 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (49)

Carolyn A. Lin & Louvins Pierre. (2023) The Role of Social Identity and Spokesperson in Influencing Consumer Involvement, Information Seeking, and Purchase Intention. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising 44:4, pages 542-565.
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Robert A. Paul. (2023) Identity and Community: Erikson Reconsidered. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly 92:3, pages 377-405.
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Ibrahim Khatib, Mika Hackner, Aviad Rubin & Daphna Canetti. (2023) Conflicting Identities? Self-identification in Conflict Settings: Evidence from Israel and Arab States. Ethnopolitics 0:0, pages 1-30.
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Sara Séguin-Baril & Marie-Christine Saint-Jacques. (2023) A Scoping Review and a Critical Analysis of the International Adoption Research Field in the Social Sciences. Adoption Quarterly 26:2, pages 138-185.
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Chelsie E. Dunn, Chelsea Derlan Williams, Kristina B. Hood & Chloe J. Walker. (2023) Sex differences in how ethnic-racial identity informs first coital affect and virginity beliefs among Black college students. Journal of American College Health 71:1, pages 221-227.
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Laura Niechziol & Mike Medeiros. (2023) Islam and identity: a study among young German-Turks. Ethnic and Racial Studies 46:1, pages 48-71.
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Maria J. Elias, Eryn N. DeLaney, Chelsea Derlan Williams, Sabrina Hawa, Chloe J. Walker, Fantasy T. Lozada, Jinni Su, the Spit for Science Working Group & Danielle M. Dick. (2022) Cultural Socialization and Ethnic-Racial Identity Mediated by Positive and Negative Conversations about Race: Exploring Differences among Asian American, African American, Latinx, Multiracial, and White Students. Identity 22:4, pages 282-297.
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Heidi Batiste, Ramona Denby & Jesse Brinson. (2022) Cross-cultural mentoring in higher education: the use of a cultural identity development model. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning 30:4, pages 409-433.
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Erica Scharrer, Srividya Ramasubramanian & Omotayo Banjo. (2022) Media, Diversity, and Representation in the U.S.: A Review of the Quantitative Research Literature on Media Content and Effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 66:4, pages 723-749.
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Laura Ferrari, Sonia Ranieri, Elena Canzi, Francesca Danioni & Rosa Regina Rosnati. (2022) The quiet migration of adopted adolescents in Italy: Ethnic identity, reflected minority categorization, and ethnic discrimination. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 50:3, pages 257-272.
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Chloe J. Walker, Chelsea Derlan Williams, Jamie Cage, Eryn N. DeLaney, Fantasy T. Lozada & Danielle M. Dick. (2022) Associations between ethnic-racial identity and alcohol problems among diverse emerging adults. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 21:2, pages 638-661.
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Adam Y. Kim, Xiang Zhou & Richard M. Lee. (2021) Theory and Development of the Diasporic Identity Scale with Adopted Korean Americans. Adoption Quarterly 24:4, pages 304-328.
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Dian Yu, Emilie Phillips Smith & Assaf Oshri. (2021) Exploring racial–ethnic pride and perceived barriers in positive youth development: A latent profile analysis. Applied Developmental Science 25:4, pages 332-350.
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Frank C. Worrell, Peony E. Fhagen, Beverly J. Vandiver & William E. Cross$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2021) Psychometric Properties of Cross Ethnic-Racial Identity Scale-Adult (CERIS-A) Scores: A Replication Study. Identity 21:2, pages 89-97.
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Karen A. Patte, Mahmood R. Gohari & Scott T. Leatherdale. (2021) Does school connectedness differ by student ethnicity? A latent class analysis among Canadian youth. Multicultural Education Review 13:1, pages 64-84.
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Michael A. Medina, Deborah Rivas-Drake, Robert J. Jagers & Stephanie J. Rowley. (2020) Friends matter: Ethnic-racial identity and school adjustment among African American and Latino early adolescents. Applied Developmental Science 24:4, pages 376-391.
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Amy K. Marks, Esther Calzada, Lisa Kiang, María C. Pabón Gautier, Stefanie Martinez-Fuentes, Nicole R. Tuitt, Kida Ejesi, Leoandra Onnie Rogers, Chelsea Derlan Williams & Adriana Umaña-Taylor. (2020) APPLYING THE LIFESPAN MODEL OF ETHNIC-RACIAL IDENTITY: EXPLORING AFFECT, BEHAVIOR, AND COGNITION TO PROMOTE WELL-BEING. Research in Human Development 17:2-3, pages 154-176.
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Chelsea Derlan Williams, Christy M. Byrd, Stephen M. Quintana, Catherine Anicama, Lisa Kiang, Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor, Esther J. Calzada, María Pabón Gautier, Kida Ejesi, Nicole R. Tuitt, Stefanie Martinez-Fuentes, Lauren White, Amy Marks, Leoandra Onnie Rogers & Nancy Whitesell. (2020) A Lifespan Model of Ethnic-Racial Identity. Research in Human Development 17:2-3, pages 99-129.
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Leoandra Onnie Rogers, Lisa Kiang, Lauren White, Esther J. Calzada, Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor, Christy Byrd, Chelsea Derlan Williams, Amy Marks & Nancy Whitesell. (2020) PERSISTENT CONCERNS: QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH ON ETHNIC-RACIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT. Research in Human Development 17:2-3, pages 130-153.
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Stefanie Martinez-Fuentes, Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor, Justin Jager, Eleanor K. Seaton & Michael R. Sladek. (2020) An Examination of Ethnic-Racial Identity and U.S. American Identity among Black, Latino, and White Adolescents. Identity 20:3, pages 208-223.
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Alan Meca, Byron L. Zamboanga & Richie Kubilus. (2020) Operationalizing Drinking Identity from A Developmental Perspective: The Drinking Identity Management Scale (DIMS). Identity 20:2, pages 119-131.
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Débora B. Maehler, Anouk Zabal & Katja Hanke. (2019) Adults’ Identity in Acculturation Settings: The Multigroup Ethnic & National Identity Measure (MENI). Identity 19:4, pages 245-257.
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Aerika Brittian Loyd, Chelsea L. Derlan, Everett V. Smith, Shane A. Norris, Linda M. Richter & Robert W. Roeser. (2019) Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Measure of Ethnic Identity Among Black South African Youth. Identity 19:1, pages 44-61.
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Stephane M. Shepherd, Rosa Hazel Delgado & Yin Paradies. (2018) Inter-Relationships Among Cultural Identity, Discrimination, Distress, Agency, and Safety Among Indigenous People in Custody. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 17:2, pages 111-121.
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Angela M. Bowman Heads, Angel M. Glover, Linda G. Castillo, Shelley Blozis & Su Yeong Kim. (2018) Dimensions of ethnic identity as protective factors for substance use and sexual risk behaviors in African American college students. Journal of American College Health 66:3, pages 178-186.
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Heidi Brocious. (2017) Erickson’s identity theory and the importance of ethnic exploration for transnational adoptees. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 27:4, pages 321-333.
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Richard A. Brandon-Friedman & Hea-Won Kim. (2016) Using social support levels to predict sexual identity development among college students who identify as a sexual minority. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 28:4, pages 292-316.
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Russell B. Toomey, Karla Anhalt & Maura Shramko. (2016) An examination of the validity and reliability of a measure of sexual orientation identity exploration, resolution, and affirmation. Self and Identity 15:4, pages 488-504.
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Emily Hu & Matthew J. Taylor. (2016) The Relationship Among Ethnicity-Related Experiences, Minority Mental Health, and Ethnic Awareness in Social Interactions. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work 25:3, pages 193-207.
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Robert S. Weisskirch, Su Yeong Kim, Seth J. Schwartz & Susan Krauss Whitbourne. (2016) The Complexity of Ethnic Identity Among Jewish American Emerging Adults. Identity 16:3, pages 127-141.
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Sara Douglass & Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor. (2015) A Brief Form of the Ethnic Identity Scale: Development and Empirical Validation. Identity 15:1, pages 48-65.
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JoannaL. Williams, RianaE. Anderson, AmirG. Francois, Saida Hussain & PatrickH. Tolan. (2014) Ethnic Identity and Positive Youth Development in Adolescent Males: A Culturally Integrated Approach. Applied Developmental Science 18:2, pages 110-122.
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Craig Douglas Albert. (2014) The ethno-violence nexus: measuring ethnic group identity in Chechnya. East European Politics 30:1, pages 123-146.
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Yuko Homma, BrunoD. Zumbo, ElizabethM. Saewyc & SabrinaT. Wong. (2014) Psychometric Evaluation of the Six-Item Version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure with East Asian Adolescents in Canada. Identity 14:1, pages 1-18.
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Stanley O. Gaines$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), William Marelich, David Bunce, Toby Robertson & Barlow Wright. (2013) Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) Expansion: Measuring Racial, Religious, and National Aspects of Sense of Ethnic Identity Within the United Kingdom. Identity 13:4, pages 289-317.
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AerikaS. Brittian, AdrianaJ. Umaña-Taylor, RichardM. Lee, ByronL. Zamboanga, Su Yeong Kim, RobertS. Weisskirch, LindaG. Castillo, Susan Krauss Whitbourne, EricA. Hurley, Que-Lam Huynh, ElissaJ. Brown & S. Jean Caraway. (2013) The Moderating Role of Centrality on Associations Between Ethnic Identity Affirmation and Ethnic Minority College Students’ Mental Health. Journal of American College Health 61:3, pages 133-140.
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NoahE. Borrero & ChristineJ. Yeh. (2011) The Multidimensionality of Ethnic Identity Among Urban High School Youth. Identity 11:2, pages 114-135.
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Catherine DeCarlo Santiago & MarthaE. Wadsworth. (2011) Family and Cultural Influences on Low-Income Latino Children's Adjustment. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 40:2, pages 332-337.
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ShannonL. Casey-Cannon, HardinL. K. Coleman, LauraF. Knudtson & CarmenC. Velazquez. (2011) Three Ethnic and Racial Identity Measures: Concurrent and Divergent Validity for Diverse Adolescents. Identity 11:1, pages 64-91.
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AnthonyD. Ong, ThomasE. Fuller-Rowell & JeanS. Phinney. (2010) Measurement of Ethnic Identity: Recurrent and Emergent Issues. Identity 10:1, pages 39-49.
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StanleyO. Gaines$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), David Bunce, Toby Robertson, Barlow Wright with Yoeri Goossens, Daljeet Heer, Amarpreet Lidder, Amardeep Mann & Sonia Minhas. (2010) Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) within the United Kingdom. Identity 10:1, pages 1-19.
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MariaY. Hernandez. (2009) Psychological Theories of Immigration. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 19:6, pages 713-729.
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ElizabethC. Hirschman & Donald Panther-Yates. (2008) Peering Inward for Ethnic Identity: Consumer Interpretation of DNA Test Results. Identity 8:1, pages 47-66.
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Joel R. Sneed, Seth J. Schwartz & William E. Cross, Jr.. (2006) A Multicultural Critique of Identity Status Theory and Research: A Call for Integration. Identity 6:1, pages 61-84.
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Articles from other publishers (236)

Rebeka F. Greenall, Jose Gaspar de Alba, Samara Nichols, G. E. Kawika Allen & Elizabeth G. Bailey. (2023) Intersecting Identities: A Look at How Ethnic Identity Interacts With Science Identity in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Students. CBE—Life Sciences Education 22:4.
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Hyehyun Kim, Sylvia Chan-Olmsted & Huan Chen. (2022) COVID-19 information seeking behavior versus value perception among U.S. ethnic/racial minorities: differences and vaccination implications. Information Technology & People 36:7, pages 2977-2997.
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Huiguang Ren, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Hyun Su Cho & Ana Katrina Aquino. (2023) Cascading effects of Chinese American parents' COVID‐19 racial discrimination and racial socialization on adolescents' adjustment. Child Development.
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Francesca López, DeLeon Gray, Mildred Boveda, Dynah Oviedo, Nilam Ram & Lorenzo López. (2023) Centering Student Voice to Inform Teacher Practice and Research: Validation of an Asset-Based Identities Measure. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment.
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Kelsie K. Allison, Alan Meca, Bethany Cruz, Allison Wright & Taryn Veniegas. (2023) A Brief Report on Measurement Invariance for the Ethnic Identity Scale Among College-Attending Emerging Adults. Emerging Adulthood.
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Kristia A. Wantchekon, Elana R. McDermott, Shandra M. Jones, Megan Satterthwaite-Freiman, Mamfatou Baldeh, Deborah Rivas-Drake & Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor. (2023) The Role of Ethnic-Racial Identity and Self-Esteem in Intergroup Contact Attitudes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 52:11, pages 2243-2260.
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Yi Huang, Sheiladevi Sukumaran & Fei Ma. (2023) Impact of Change Management on Minority Foundation Students’ Ethnic Identity in China. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 8:26, pages 307-313.
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A. Ning Zhou, Kai J. Huang & Terence L. Howard. (2023) Beyond Race, Sex, and Gender. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 32:4, pages 683-705.
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Matzri Dvir, Abu-Kaf Sarah & Braun-Lewensohn Orna. (2023) Ethnic identity and barriers for using mental health services among Arab-Bedouin women coping with emotional distresses. Archives of Women's Mental Health 26:5, pages 609-624.
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Chiara Ceccon, Maja K. Schachner, Francesca Lionetti, Massimiliano Pastore, Adriana J. Umaña‐Taylor & Ughetta Moscardino. (2023) Efficacy of a cultural adaptation of the Identity Project intervention among adolescents attending multiethnic classrooms in Italy: A randomized controlled trial . Child Development 94:5, pages 1162-1180.
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Abunya Agi-Garratt, Kristia A. Wantchekon, Deborah Rivas-Drake & Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor. (2023) Assessing Invariance of Universal Ethnic-Racial Identity Measures Among Black Adolescents in the United States. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 52:9, pages 1950-1964.
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Stella Yiu, Marianne Yeung, Warren J. Cheung & Jason R. Frank. (2022) Stress and conflict from tacit culture forges professional identity in newly graduated independent physicians. Advances in Health Sciences Education 28:3, pages 847-870.
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Julia M. Ross, Meredith O. Hope & Vanessa V. Volpe. (2023) Intersections of Racial/Ethnic and Religious Identities on Bodily Well-Being for Black College-Attending Emerging Adults. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities.
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Kevin Constante, Michael I. Demidenko, Edward D. Huntley, Deborah Rivas‐Drake, Daniel P. Keating & Adriene M. Beltz. (2022) Personalized Neural Networks Underlie Individual Differences in Ethnic Identity Exploration and Resolution. Journal of Research on Adolescence 33:1, pages 24-42.
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Krishna Kishore Lal & Sramana Majumdar. (2023) Language as Ethnicity: Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the MEIM-R in a Multi-ethnic Population in India. Psychological Studies 68:1, pages 45-57.
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Megan E. Cardwell, Mackensie J. Minniear & Jordan Soliz. (2023) Malleable Identity and Parental Identity Accommodation in Multiethnic-Racial Families in the United States: Implications for Psychosocial Well-Being. Race and Social Problems 15:1, pages 45-58.
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Kristia A. Wantchekon & Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor. (2021) Relating Profiles of Ethnic–Racial Identity Process and Content to the Academic and Psychological Adjustment of Black and Latinx Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 50:7, pages 1333-1352.
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Angela M. Heads, Angel M. Glover, Linda G. Castillo, Shelley Blozis, Su Yeong Kim & Sakina Ali. (2020) Perceived Discrimination and Risk Behaviors in African American Students: the Potential Moderating Roles of Emotion Regulation and Ethnic Socialization. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 8:2, pages 494-506.
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Michael R. Sladek, Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor, Kristia A. Wantchekon, Elana R. McDermott & Kimberly A. Updegraff. (2020) Contextual Moderators of a School-Based Ethnic-Racial Identity Intervention: The Roles of Family Ethnic Socialization and Ethnic-Racial Background. Prevention Science 22:3, pages 378-385.
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Stephanie L. Haft, Qing Zhou, Michelle Stephens & Abbey Alkon. (2020) Culture and stress biology in immigrant youth from the prenatal period to adolescence: A systematic review. Developmental Psychobiology 63:3, pages 391-408.
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M. K. Higgins Neyland, Alexander Rice, Lisa M. Shank, Megan N. Parker, Jason M. Lavender & Marian Tanofsky-Kraff. (2021) Prevalence and Correlates of Disinhibited Eating in Youth from Marginalized Racial/Ethnic Groups. Current Addiction Reports 8:1, pages 1-11.
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Peter Noack. (2021) Migrant youths: Typical aspects of development during the adolescent years, specific challenges of growing up somewhere else, and some things we need to understand better. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 2021:176, pages 245-254.
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