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Review

New anti-epileptic drugs for the 21st century

Pages 633-674 | Published online: 24 Feb 2005

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Elinor Ben-Menachem. (2003) Levetiracetam: treatment in epilepsy. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 4:11, pages 2079-2088.
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Moamen S. Refat, Ahmed Gaber, Yusuf S. Althobaiti, Hussain Alyami, Walaa F. Alsanie, Sonam Shakya, Abdel Majid A. Adam, Mohamed I. Kobeasy & Kareem A. Asla. (2022) Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Studies of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) Complexes with Anticonvulsant Therapeutic Agent Gabapentin. Molecules 27:13, pages 4311.
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Oscar Brenes. (2022) Invertebrate neurons as a simple model to study the hyperexcitable state of epileptic disorders in single cells, monosynaptic connections, and polysynaptic circuits. Biophysical Reviews 14:2, pages 553-568.
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Cíntia Junges, Tania Diniz Machado, Paulo Ricardo Santos Nunes Filho, Rudimar Riesgo & Elza Daniel de Mello. (2020) Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric patients using antiepileptic drugs: systematic review with meta‐analysis. Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) 96:5, pages 559-568.
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Cíntia Junges, Tania Diniz Machado, Paulo Ricardo Santos Nunes Filho, Rudimar Riesgo & Elza Daniel de Mello. (2020) Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric patients using antiepileptic drugs: systematic review with meta-analysis. Jornal de Pediatria 96:5, pages 559-568.
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Jing Gan, Dan Ma & Tao Xiong. (2019) Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in children with epilepsy: protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 9:7, pages e029811.
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Carola Wormuth, Andreas Lundt, Christina Henseler, Ralf Müller, Karl Broich, Anna Papazoglou & Marco Weiergräber. (2016) Review: Cav2.3 R-type Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels - Functional Implications in Convulsive and Non-convulsive Seizure Activity. The Open Neurology Journal 10:1, pages 99-126.
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Zahra Shokohi-pour, Hossein Chiniforoshan, Amir Abbas Momtazi-borojeni & Behrouz Notash. (2016) A novel Schiff base derived from the gabapentin drug and copper (II) complex: Synthesis, characterization, interaction with DNA/protein and cytotoxic activity. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 162, pages 34-44.
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Anna Pratima G. Nikalje, Sameer I. Shaikh, Firoz A. Kalam Khan, Shoaib Shaikh & Jaiprakash N. Sangshetti. (2015) Molecular sieves promoted, ultrasound-mediated synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of 3-(5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)indolin-2-ones as a potential anticonvulsant agents. Medicinal Chemistry Research 24:12, pages 4058-4069.
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Anna Rosati, Salvatore De Masi & Renzo Guerrini. (2015) Antiepileptic Drug Treatment in Children with Epilepsy. CNS Drugs 29:10, pages 847-863.
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Sigride Thome-Souza & Kette D. Valente. (2013) Valproate and Lamotrigine in Pediatric Patients With Refractory Epilepsy: After the First Year. Pediatric Neurology 48:6, pages 436-442.
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M. Madaiah, M. K. Prashanth, H. D. Revanasiddappa & B. Veeresh. (2012) Synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies on novel 8-amino-3-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione derivatives as anticonvulsant agents. Medicinal Chemistry Research 22:6, pages 2633-2644.
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Malavalli Madaiah, Maralekere K. Prashanth, Hosakere D. Revanasiddappa & Bantal Veeresh. (2013) Synthesis and Evaluation of 3-[(2,4-Dioxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.6]undec-3-yl)methyl]benzonitrile Derivatives as Potential Anticonvulsants. Archiv der Pharmazie 346:3, pages 200-209.
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Hina Naz Khan, Saima Kulsoom & Hamid Rashid. (2012) Identification of an antiepileptic lead compound with a more selective activity and its analogues for GABA-AT using in silico approach. Medicinal Chemistry Research 22:2, pages 879-889.
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Martha Rivera-Cervantes, Alfredo I. Feria-Velasco, Felix Junyent, Antoni Camins Espuny & Carlos Beas-Zárate. 2013. Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy. Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy 77 97 .
Pooja S. Banerjee & P. K. Sharma. (2011) New antiepileptic agents: structure–activity relationships. Medicinal Chemistry Research 21:7, pages 1491-1508.
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Hina Naz Khan, Saima Kulsoom & Hamid Rashid. (2012) Ligand based pharmacophore model development for the identification of novel antiepileptic compound. Epilepsy Research 98:1, pages 62-71.
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Lingappa Mallesha, Kikkeri N. Mohana & Bantal Veeresh. (2010) Synthesis and biological activities of Schiff bases of gabapentin with different aldehydes and ketones: a structure–activity relationship study. Medicinal Chemistry Research 21:1, pages 1-9.
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Muhammad Liaquat Raza. (2011) Alternative treatment approaches in epilepsy: Mini-review. Clinical and Experimental Medical Journal 5:4, pages 189-197.
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Abdul Wahab. (2010) Difficulties in Treatment and Management of Epilepsy and Challenges in New Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals 3:7, pages 2090-2110.
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Muhammad Liaquat Raza, Mohammad Zeeshan, Manzoor Ahmad, Farzana Shaheen & Shabana U. Simjee. (2010) Anticonvulsant activity of DNS II fraction in the acute seizure models. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 128:3, pages 600-605.
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Marco Weiergräber, Ulrich Stephani & Rüdiger Köhling. (2010) Voltage-gated calcium channels in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of absence epilepsy. Brain Research Reviews 62:2, pages 245-271.
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Roopa B. S, Sujatha S. Narayan, G. R. K Sharma, Rashmi J Rodrigues & Chanda Kulkarni. (2008) Pattern of adverse drug reactions to anti-epileptic drugs: a cross-sectional one-year survey at a tertiary care hospital. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 17:8, pages 807-812.
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Robin Bülow, Brit Fitzner, Gisela Sparmann, Jörg Emmrich, Stefan Liebe & Robert Jaster. (2007) Antifibrogenic effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on pancreatic stellate cells. Biochemical Pharmacology 74:12, pages 1747-1757.
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Germán Sierra-Paredes, Alejandra Núñez-Rodriguez, Araceli Vázquez-López, Teresa Oreiro-García & Germán Sierra-Marcuño. (2006) Anticonvulsant effect of eslicarbazepine acetate (BIA 2-093) on seizures induced by microperfusion of picrotoxin in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. Epilepsy Research 72:2-3, pages 140-146.
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Gesine Bug, Hilal Gül, Kerstin Schwarz, Heike Pfeifer, Manuela Kampfmann, Xiaomin Zheng, Tim Beissert, Simone Boehrer, Dieter Hoelzer, Oliver Gerhard Ottmann & Martin Ruthardt. (2005) Valproic Acid Stimulates Proliferation and Self-renewal of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cancer Research 65:7, pages 2537-2541.
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Lucio G. Costa, Luca Steardo & Vincenzo Cuomo. (2004) Structural Effects and Neurofunctional Sequelae of Developmental Exposure to Psychotherapeutic Drugs: Experimental and Clinical Aspects. Pharmacological Reviews 56:1, pages 103-147.
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Atticus H. Hainsworth, Nicolle C.L. McNaughton, Alexey Pereverzev, Toni Schneider & Andrew D. Randall. (2003) Actions of sipatrigine, 202W92 and lamotrigine on R-type and T-type Ca2+ channel currents. European Journal of Pharmacology 467:1-3, pages 77-80.
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Wolfgang Löscher. (2002) Animal models of epilepsy for the development of antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying drugs. A comparison of the pharmacology of kindling and post-status epilepticus models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Research 50:1-2, pages 105-123.
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Wolfgang Löscher & Dieter Schmidt. (2002) New horizons in the development of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Research 50:1-2, pages 3-16.
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Wolfgang Löscher. (2002) Current status and future directions in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 23:3, pages 113-118.
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