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Review

Botulinum neurotoxin formulations: overcoming the confusion

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Pages 273-287 | Published online: 30 May 2018

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (6)

David C Rupp, David Canty, Catherine Rhéaume, Birgitte Sondergaard, Celina Niño, Ron S Broide & Amy D Brideau-Andersen. (2023) A Preclinical Study Comparing the Activity and Potency of OnabotulinumtoxinA and PrabotulinumtoxinA. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 16, pages 581-591.
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Valentina Shtefan, James Fletcher & Olga Anna Duclos. (2022) Causes of Botulinum Toxin Treatment Failure. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 15, pages 1045-1049.
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Anna Campanati, Stamatis Gregoriou, Adamantia Milia-Argyti, George Kontochristopoulos, Giulia Radi, Federico Diotallevi, Emanuela Martina & Annamaria Offidani. (2022) The pharmacological treatment and management of hyperhidrosis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 23:10, pages 1217-1231.
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Maria Angelo-Khattar. (2020) A Novel OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment Technique to Obtain Predictable Outcomes in Eyebrow Position and Shape. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 13, pages 781-787.
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Stamatios Gregoriou, Polytimi Sidiropoulou, Georgios Kontochristopoulos & Dimitrios Rigopoulos. (2019) Management Strategies Of Palmar Hyperhidrosis: Challenges And Solutions. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 12, pages 733-744.
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Anna G. Escuder & David G. Hunter. (2019) The Role of Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Strabismus. Seminars in Ophthalmology 34:4, pages 198-204.
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Articles from other publishers (49)

Ana Dugonjić Okroša, Victor Ricardo Manuel Muñoz-Lora, Ivica Matak, Lidija Bach-Rojecky, Mikhail Kalinichev & Zdravko Lacković. (2023) The safety of botulinum neurotoxin type A's intraarticular application in experimental animals. Toxicon: X 18, pages 100155.
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Elena Fonfria, Elizabeth Marks, Lisa-Marie Foulkes, Rebecca Schofield, Daniel Higazi, Sam Coward & Alistair Kippen. (2023) Replacement of the Mouse LD50 Assay for Determination of the Potency of AbobotulinumtoxinA with a Cell-Based Method in Both Powder and Liquid Formulations. Toxins 15:5, pages 314.
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Rabab Hunaid AbbasRowyna Reji KoshyYusra FathimaRanasinghe Arachchige Dona Kashmira WeerasekaraZiya SherinNiveditha SelvakumarNaga Harika Korrapati. (2023) The clinical approach to botulinum toxin in dermatology: A literature review. Cosmoderma 3, pages 58.
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Ayça Altay Benetti, Tamara Tarbox & Camillo Benetti. (2023) Current Insights into the Formulation and Delivery of Therapeutic and Cosmeceutical Agents for Aging Skin. Cosmetics 10:2, pages 54.
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J. Stevens, C. Baillie, B. Choi, A. Chapman, M. Kostalas & K. Ratnasingham. (2023) The use of botulinum toxin in the acute management of symptomatic complex incisional hernia: a case series. Hernia 27:3, pages 593-599.
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David P. Newland, Daniel Novakovic & Amanda L. Richards. (2022) Voice Tremor and Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy: A Contemporary Review. Toxins 14:11, pages 773.
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Joshua A. Vova, Michael M. Green, Joline E. Brandenburg, Loren Davidson, Andrea Paulson, Supreet Deshpande, Joyce L. Oleszek, Didem Inanoglu & Matthew J. McLaughlin. (2021) A consensus statement on the use of botulinum toxin in pediatric patients. PM&R 14:9, pages 1116-1142.
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Kevin R. Patel, Supriya Rastogi & Heidi B. Prather. (2022) A comprehensive review on the history, uses, and safety of onabotulinum toxin type A (Botox). Dermatological Reviews 3:4, pages 180-196.
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Annica C. Eells, Lisa D. Grunebaum & Brittany E. Howard. (2022) Incobotulinum toxin A: A shelf‐stable, low‐molecular‐weight formulation. Dermatological Reviews 3:4, pages 211-217.
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Kevin Chao, Amir Moradi & Saami Khalifian. (2022) DaxibotulinumtoxinA for injection: A review of the current data. Dermatological Reviews 3:4, pages 221-230.
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Claudia Ledda, Carlo Alberto Artusi, Antonella Tribolo, Domiziana Rinaldi, Gabriele Imbalzano, Leonardo Lopiano & Maurizio Zibetti. (2022) Time to onset and duration of botulinum toxin efficacy in movement disorders. Journal of Neurology 269:7, pages 3706-3712.
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Ines Novo Pereira & Haidar Hassan. (2022) Botulinum toxin A in dentistry and orofacial surgery: an evidence-based review - part 2: cosmetic applications. Evidence-Based Dentistry.
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Ines Novo Pereira & Haidar Hassan. (2022) Botulinum toxin A in dentistry and orofacial surgery: an evidence-based review - part 1: therapeutic applications. Evidence-Based Dentistry.
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Jaeyoon Byun, Seongsung Kwak, Jin-Hee Kwon, Minhee Shin, Dong-Kyu Lee, Chang-Hoon Rhee, Won-ho Kang, Jae-Wook Oh & Deu John M. Cruz. (2022) Comparative Pharmacodynamics of Three Different Botulinum Toxin Type A Preparations following Repeated Intramuscular Administration in Mice. Toxins 14:6, pages 365.
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Gilad Yahalom, Amir Janah, Gustavo Rajz & Roni Eichel. (2022) Therapeutic Approach to Botulinum Injections for Hemifacial Spasm, Synkinesis and Blepharospasm. Toxins 14:5, pages 362.
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Sonali T. Nagendran, Mohammad J. Ali, Murat Dogru & Raman Malhotra. (2022) Complications and adverse effects of periocular aesthetic treatments. Survey of Ophthalmology 67:3, pages 741-757.
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Napamon Supornpun, Paisal Rummaneethorn, Thamthiwat Nararatwanchai, Tawee Saiwichai & Sirinthip Chaichalotornkul. (2022) Incobotulinum toxin A with a one-year long-lasting effect for trapezius contouring and superior efficacy for the treatment of trapezius myalgia. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 15:2, pages 168.
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Niamh Corduff. (2022) Sensory Symptoms Associated with Aesthetic Botulinum Toxin A Treatments. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 10:11, pages e4631.
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Wilson W. S. Ho, Philipp Albrecht, Pacifico E. Calderon, Niamh Corduff, David Loh, Michael U. Martin, Je-Young Park, Lis S. Suseno, Fang-Wen Tseng, Vasanop Vachiramon, Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha, Chong-Hyun Won, Jonathan N. T. Yu & Mary Dingley. (2022) Emerging Trends in Botulinum Neurotoxin A Resistance: An International Multidisciplinary Review and Consensus. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 10:6, pages e4407.
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Raffaele Rauso, Giorgio Lo Giudice, Gianpaolo Tartaro, Nicola Zerbinati, Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti & Romolo Fragola. (2022) Botulinum toxin type A injections for masticatory muscles hypertrophy: A systematic review. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 50:1, pages 7-18.
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Tomasz Grenda, Anna Grenda, Paweł Krawczyk & Krzysztof Kwiatek. (2021) Botulinum toxin in cancer therapy—current perspectives and limitations. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 106:2, pages 485-495.
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Raja Mehanna & Joseph Jankovic. 2022. Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Handbook of Neurotoxicity 1095 1143 .
Xuefeng Han & Souphiyeh Samizadeh. 2022. Non-Surgical Rejuvenation of Asian Faces. Non-Surgical Rejuvenation of Asian Faces 213 238 .
Souphiyeh Samizadeh & Rajiv Grover. 2022. Non-Surgical Rejuvenation of Asian Faces. Non-Surgical Rejuvenation of Asian Faces 193 211 .
J. A. Wegdam, T. S. de Vries Reilingh, N. D. Bouvy & S. W. Nienhuijs. (2020) Prehabilitation of complex ventral hernia patients with Botulinum: a systematic review of the quantifiable effects of Botulinum. Hernia 25:6, pages 1427-1442.
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Gulhima Arora. (2021) Botulinum toxin – Know the product before injecting. Cosmoderma 1, pages 56.
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Lewis D. Turner, Alexander L. Nielsen, Lucy Lin, Antonio J. Campedelli, Nicholas R. Silvaggi, Jason S. Chen, Amanda E. Wakefield, Karen N. Allen & Kim D. Janda. (2021) Use of Crystallography and Molecular Modeling for the Inhibition of the Botulinum Neurotoxin A Protease. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 12:8, pages 1318-1324.
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Vito Rizzi, Jennifer Gubitosa, Paola Fini & Pinalysa Cosma. (2021) Neurocosmetics in Skincare—The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation. Cosmetics 8:3, pages 66.
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Jennifer A. Locke, Helia Nabavian, Sarah Neu, Sender Herschorn & Lesley K. Carr. (2021) Systemic muscular weakness after botulinum toxin A administration: a review of the literature. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 37:7, pages 315-327.
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Pelin Esme, Aysenur Botsali, Hakan Erbil, Okan Ali Aksoy & Ercan Caliskan. (2020) Bioactivity of abobotulinum toxin is preserved till 2 weeks upon storage at room temperature: Half body comparative study on rabbit model. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 20:5, pages 1367-1373.
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Amit G. Reddy, Brian P. Dick, Caleb Natale, Kole P. Akula, Ayad Yousif & Wayne J.G. Hellstrom. (2021) Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Male Sexual Dysfunction: Where Are We Now?. Sexual Medicine Reviews 9:2, pages 320-330.
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Hassan Galadari, Ibrahim Galadari, Riekie Smit, Inna Prygova & Alessio Redaelli. (2021) Use of AbobotulinumtoxinA for Cosmetic Treatments in the Neck, and Middle and Lower Areas of the Face: A Systematic Review. Toxins 13:2, pages 169.
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Patorn Piromchai, Worakit Pornumnouy, Patchareeporn Saeseow & Seksun Chainansamit. (2020) The minimum effective dose of abobotulinum toxin A injection for allergic rhinitis: A dose‐escalation randomized controlled trial. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology 6:1, pages 6-12.
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A.A. Sharova. (2021) Pharmacokinetic characteristics of botulinum toxin type A. Plasticheskaya khirurgiya i esteticheskaya meditsina:1, pages 67.
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Raja Mehanna & Joseph Jankovic. 2021. Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Handbook of Neurotoxicity 1 48 .
Atul T Patel, Theodore Wein, Laxman B Bahroo, Ophélie Wilczynski, Carl D Rios & Manuel Murie-Fernández. (2020) Perspective of an International Online Patient and Caregiver Community on the Burden of Spasticity and Impact of Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy: Survey Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6:4, pages e17928.
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John C. Bladen, Maribel Favor, Andre Litwin & Raman Malhotra. (2020) Switchover study of onabotulinumtoxinA to incobotulinumtoxinA for facial dystonia . Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 48:9, pages 1146-1151.
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Seongsung Kwak, Won-ho Kang, Chang-Hoon Rhee, Gi-Hyeok Yang & Deu John M. Cruz. (2020) Comparative Pharmacodynamics Study of 3 Different Botulinum Toxin Type A Preparations in Mice. Dermatologic Surgery 46:12, pages e132-e138.
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Isabel Fairmont & Andrew Winkler. (2020) Novel Cosmetic Uses of Botulinum Toxin in the Head and Neck. Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports 8:4, pages 344-350.
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Ke-Vin Chang, Yi-Hsiang Chiu, Wei-Ting Wu, Po-Cheng Hsu & Levent Özçakar. (2020) Botulinum toxin injections for shoulder and upper limb pain: a narrative review. Pain Management 10:6, pages 411-420.
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Mark S. Nestor, David Arnold & Daniel Fischer. (2020) The mechanisms of action and use of botulinum neurotoxin type A in aesthetics: Key Clinical Postulates II. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 19:11, pages 2785-2804.
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Elaine G Tyrrell. (2020) A Nurse-Led Clinic Model for the Treatment of Cervical Dystonia Using Botulinum Toxin. British Journal of Nursing 29:19, pages 1124-1131.
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Jessica G. Labadie, Jeffrey S. Dover & Murad Alam. (2020) New Toxins and Fillers on the Horizon. Advances in Cosmetic Surgery 3:1, pages 123-134.
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Agnieszka Owczarczyk‐Saczonek, Natalia Zdanowska, Beata Wańczyk‐Dręczewska, Ewa Wygonowska, Waldemar Placek, Caitlin C. Griffiths & Tamara W. Griffiths. (2020) Pyoderma gangrenosum‐like lesions provocated by botulinum injections. Dermatologic Therapy 33:2.
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N.E. Manturova, E.A. Chaikovskaya & S.L. Timerbayeva. (2020) Botulinum toxin therapy: what do we have and what do we see on the horizon?. Plasticheskaya khirurgiya i esteticheskaya meditsina:2, pages 70.
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Je-Young Park, Owen Sunga, Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha & Jürgen Frevert. (2020) Neurotoxin Impurities: A Review of Threats to Efficacy. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 8:1, pages e2627.
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Wooyoung Jang & Jinyoung Youn. 2020. Hemifacial Spasm. Hemifacial Spasm 127 134 .
Doo Hee Shim, Thuy Trang Nguyen, Pil-gu Park, Min Jung Kim, Byung-wook Park, Hye-Rin Jeong, Dae-Sung Kim, Hyun Woo Joo, Seong-O Choi, Jung-Hwan Park & Jae Myun Lee. (2019) Development of Botulinum Toxin A-Coated Microneedles for Treating Palmar Hyperhidrosis. Molecular Pharmaceutics 16:12, pages 4913-4919.
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Fauad Hasan. 2021. Botulinum Toxin Therapy. Botulinum Toxin Therapy 49 62 .