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Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 13, 2020 - Issue
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Original Research

Saliva as an Alternative Specimen for Molecular COVID-19 Testing in Community Settings and Population-Based Screening

Abiola Senok1 College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6382-198X
ORCID Icon,
Hanan Alsuwaidi1 College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
,
Yusrah Atrah2 Molecular Department, Unilabs UAE, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-7088
ORCID Icon,
Ola Al Ayedi3 Al Khawaneej Health Center, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
,
Janan Al Zahid2 Molecular Department, Unilabs UAE, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2650-6419
ORCID Icon,
Aaron Han1 College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4159-9403
ORCID Icon,
Asma Al Marzooqi3 Al Khawaneej Health Center, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
,
Saba Al Heialy1 College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;4 Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
,
Basel Altrabulsi5 National Reference Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
,
Laila AbdelWareth5 National Reference Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;6 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
,
Youssef Idaghdour7 Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
,
Raghib Ali7 Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
,
Tom Loney1 College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-6587
ORCID Icon &
Alawi Alsheikh-Ali1 College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1213-4546
ORCID Icon show all
Pages 3393-3399 | Published online: 01 Oct 2020

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Emily R. Tobik, Lily B. Kitfield-Vernon, Russell J. Thomas, Sydney A. Steel, Steph H. Tan, Orchid M. Allicock, Brittany L. Choate, Sumaira Akbarzada & Anne L. Wyllie. (2022) Saliva as a sample type for SARS-CoV-2 detection: implementation successes and opportunities around the globe. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 22:5, pages 519-535.
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Kausar S. Fakhruddin, Anahita Haiat, Hien C. Ngo, Chamila Panduwawala, Jefferey W. Wei Chang & Lakshman P. Samaranayake. (2022) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral positivity and their burden in saliva of asymptomatic carriers – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 80:3, pages 182-190.
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Monique Melo Costa, Nicolas Benoit, Jerome Dormoi, Remy Amalvict, Nicolas Gomez, Hervé Tissot-Dupont, Matthieu Million, Bruno Pradines, Samuel Granjeaud & Lionel Almeras. (2021) Salivette, a relevant saliva sampling device for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Journal of Oral Microbiology 13:1.
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Articles from other publishers (39)

Donald Brody Duncan, Katharine Mackett, Muhammad Usman Ali, Deborah Yamamura & Cynthia Balion. (2023) Performance of saliva compared with nasopharyngeal swab for diagnosis of COVID-19 by NAAT in cross-sectional studies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Biochemistry 117, pages 84-93.
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Hind Q. Jameel Al-Ani, Noor N. Al-Hayani & Raid M. Al-Ani. (2022) Efficacy of the Examination of Saliva Sample by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction in Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Al-Fallujah City, Iraq. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16:4, pages 2416-2424.
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Yifei Wang, Akshaya Upadhyay, Sangeeth Pillai, Parisa Khayambashi & Simon D. Tran. (2022) Saliva as a diagnostic specimen for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection: A scoping review. Oral Diseases 28:S2, pages 2362-2390.
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Momen A. Atieh, Marina Guirguis, Nabeel H. M. Alsabeeha & Richard D. Cannon. (2021) The diagnostic accuracy of saliva testing for SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Oral Diseases 28:S2, pages 2347-2361.
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Galyah Alhamid, Huseyin Tombuloglu, Ali A. Rabaan & Ebtesam Al-Suhaimi. (2022) SARS-CoV-2 detection methods: A comprehensive review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 29:11, pages 103465.
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Olumuyiwa Babalola Salu, Iorhen Ephraim Akase, Roosevelt Amaobichukwu Anyanwu, Mercy Remilekun Orenolu, Maryam Abiodun Abdullah, Temie Giwa-Tubosun, Sodiq Abiodun Oloko, Ayomide Michael Oshinjo, Aisha Ajoke Abiola, Kolawole Solomon Oyedeji & Sunday Aremu Omilabu. (2022) Saliva sample for detection of SARS-CoV-2: A possible alternative for mass testing. PLOS ONE 17:9, pages e0275201.
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Eyituoyo Okoturo & Mary Amure. (2022) SARS-CoV-2 saliva testing using RT-PCR: a systematic review. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 121, pages 166-171.
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Rebecca L. Tallmadge, Melissa Laverack, Brittany Cronk, Roopa Venugopalan, Mathias Martins, XiuLin Zhang, François Elvinger, Elizabeth Plocharczyk & Diego G. Diel. (2022) Viral RNA Load and Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in Paired Respiratory and Oral Specimens from Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, or Postsymptomatic Individuals. Microbiology Spectrum 10:3.
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Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Giulia De Angelis, Giulia Menchinelli, Fusun Can, Federico Garcia, Florence Morfin-Sherpa, Dimitra Dimopoulou, Elisabeth Mack, Adolfo de Salazar, Adriano Grossi, Theodore Lytras & Chrysanthi Skevaki. (2022) ESCMID COVID-19 guidelines: diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 28:6, pages 812-822.
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Leah McPhillips & John MacSharry. (2022) Saliva as an alternative specimen to nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis: Review. Access Microbiology 4:5.
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Thomas Struyf, Jonathan J Deeks, Jacqueline Dinnes, Yemisi Takwoingi, Clare Davenport, Mariska MG Leeflang, René Spijker, Lotty Hooft, Devy Emperador, Julie Domen, Anouk Tans, Stéphanie Janssens, Dakshitha Wickramasinghe, Viktor Lannoy, Sebastiaan R A Horn & Ann Van den Bruel. (2022) Signs and symptoms to determine if a patient presenting in primary care or hospital outpatient settings has COVID-19. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2022:5.
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Michał Różański, Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka, Jolanta Witaszewska, Ewelina Wójcik, Arkadiusz Guziński, Bogumił Zimoń, Rafał Matusiak, Joanna Kazimierczak, Maciej Borowiec, Katarzyna Kania, Edyta Paradowska, Jakub Pawełczyk, Jarosław Dziadek & Jarosław Dastych. (2022) RT-qPCR-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection in pooled saliva samples for massive population screening to monitor epidemics. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Heather P. McLaughlin, Mary Claire Worrell, Sara Malone, Patrick Dawson, Brett Maricque, Jessica L. Halpin, Sooji Lee, Stephanie A. Fritz, Sarah C. Tinker, Julie A. Neidich, Katie Towns, Justin S. Lee, Lisa C. Barrios, John C. Neatherlin, Jason G. Newland & Johanna S. Salzer. (2022) Acceptance of Saliva-Based Specimen Collection for SARS-CoV-2 Testing Among K-12 Students, Teachers, and Staff. Public Health Reports 137:3, pages 557-563.
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Conor G. McAloon, Darren Dahly, Cathal Walsh, Patrick Wall, Breda Smyth, Simon J. More & Conor Teljeur. (2022) Potential Application of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Infectious Individuals Attending Mass Gatherings – A Simulation Study. Frontiers in Epidemiology 2.
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Revata Utama, Rebriarina Hapsari, Iva Puspitasari, Desvita Sari, Meita Hendrianingtyas & Neni Nurainy. (2022) Self-collected gargle specimen as a patient-friendly sample collection method for COVID-19 diagnosis in a population context. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Michela Bulfoni, Emanuela Sozio, Barbara Marcon, Maria De Martino, Daniela Cesselli, Chiara De Carlo, Romina Martinella, Angelica Migotti, Eleonora Vania, Agnese Zanus-Fortes, Jessica De Piero, Emanuele Nencioni, Carlo Tascini, Miriam Isola & Francesco Curcio. (2022) Validation of a Saliva-Based Test for the Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Disease Markers 2022, pages 1-8.
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Priska Natassya, Nurtami Soedarsono, Antonius Winoto Suhartono & Elza Ibrahim Auerkari. Possible molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in saliva. Possible molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in saliva.
Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin, Tahmina Shirin, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Ahmed Nawsher Alam, Jenifar Quaiyum Ami, Rashedul Hasan, Mojnu Miah, Nusrat Jahan Shaly, Shahriar Ahmed, S. M. Mazidur Rahman, Mustafizur Rahman & Sayera Banu. (2021) Diagnostic Performance of Self-Collected Saliva Versus Nasopharyngeal Swab for the Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Clinical Setting. Microbiology Spectrum 9:3.
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Ramin Mazhari, Shazia Ruybal-Pesántez, Fiona Angrisano, Nicholas Kiernan-Walker, Stephanie Hyslop, Rhea J. Longley, Caitlin Bourke, Catherine Chen, Deborah A. Williamson, Leanne J. Robinson, Ivo Mueller & Emily M. Eriksson. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen Serology Assay. Methods and Protocols 4:4, pages 72.
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