Safety study: is there a pathologic IGF-1, PDGF and TGF-β cytokine expression caused by adjunct BMP-7 in tibial and femoral non-union therapy?

Christian Fischer1 Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG – Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GermanyCorrespondence[email protected]

Christian Reiner2 Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg Hospital South, Nuremberg, Germany

Gerhard Schmidmaier1 Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG – Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

Julian Doll1 Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG – Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

Christopher Child3 Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Paul Alfred Grützner4 Trauma and Orthopedics, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany

Bahram Biglari4 Trauma and Orthopedics, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany

Sonja Boxriker5 Center of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Sport Medicine, ATORG Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany

Arash Moghaddam5 Center of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Sport Medicine, ATORG Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany

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Safety study: is there a pathologic IGF-1, PDGF and TGF-β cytokine expression caused by adjunct BMP-7 in tibial and femoral non-union therapy?

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Safety study: is there a pathologic IGF-1, PDGF and TGF-β cytokine expression caused by adjunct BMP-7 in tibial and femoral non-union therapy?

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