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Original Article

Reference values for CSF-IgM, CSF-IgM/S-IgM ratio and IgM index, and its application to patients with multiple sclerosis and aseptic meningoencephalitis

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Pages 7-12 | Received 08 Apr 1983, Accepted 25 Aug 1983, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Magnus Roberg, Pia Forsberg, Aril Frydén, Bengt Hederstedt, Dag Hydén & Lars ödkvist. (1994) Long-term Findings in Patients with Facial Palsy and Antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 26:5, pages 559-567.
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D. Nelson, P. Fredman & J. Börjeson. (1994) A high-sensitivity immuno-chemiluminescence technique for detection of oligoclonal IgG and IgM in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 54:1, pages 51-54.
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Shigeru Araga, Masahiro Kishimoto, Hideki Irie And & Kazuro Takahashi. (1989) Dot Microfiltration Sandwich Eia for the Measurement of Igm Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Autoimmunity 2:3, pages 235-240.
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Laura Michetti, Francesca Maffina, Rudi Ravasio, Valeria Barcella, Marta Radaelli, Lorenzo Chiudinelli, Maria Sessa & Maria Grazia Alessio. (2023) Free light chains as a reliable biomarker of intrathecal synthesis in the diagnosis of CNS inflammatory diseases. Journal of Neuroimmunology 379, pages 578091.
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Mattia Fonderico, Tiziana Biagioli, Luisa Lanzilao, Angelo Bellinvia, Roberto Fratangelo, Luisa Pastò, Elio Prestipino, Lorenzo Razzolini, Laura Tudisco, Andrea Ginestroni, Luisa Vuolo, Enrico Fainardi, Clara Ballerini, Emilio Portaccio & Maria Pia Amato. (2020) Prognostic role of intrathecal IgM synthesis in multiple sclerosis: Results from a clinical series. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 27:2, pages 198-207.
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Joshua F. Goldsmith & A. Zara Herskovits. (2020) Cerebrospinal Fluid Testing for Multiple Sclerosis. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 40:3, pages 369-377.
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Andrew Eisen, Benjamin M Greenberg, James D Bowen, Douglas L Arnold & Anthony O Caggiano. (2017) A double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending-dose study of remyelinating antibody rHIgM22 in people with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical 3:4, pages 205521731774309.
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Ahmed Abdelhak, Tilman Hottenrott, Christoph Mayer, Gudrun Hintereder, Uwe K. Zettl, Oliver Stich & Hayrettin Tumani. (2017) CSF profile in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Re-exploring the basics. PLOS ONE 12:8, pages e0182647.
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Hanna Rosenmann. (2011) CSF Biomarkers for Amyloid and Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 47:1, pages 1-14.
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Luisa M. Villar, Mercedes Espiño, María L. Cavanillas, Ernesto Roldán, Elena Urcelay, Emilio G. de la Concha, Maria C. Sádaba, Rafael Arroyo, Pedro González-Porqué & José C. Álvarez-Cermeño. (2010) Immunological mechanisms that associate with oligoclonal IgM band synthesis in multiple sclerosis. Clinical Immunology 137:1, pages 51-59.
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Harald Hampel, Yong Shen, Dominic M. Walsh, Paul Aisen, Les M. Shaw, Henrik Zetterberg, John Q. Trojanowski & Kaj Blennow. (2010) Biological markers of amyloid β-related mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. Experimental Neurology 223:2, pages 334-346.
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Sten Öhman, Jan Ernerudh, Pia Forsberg, Magnus Roberg & Magnus Vrethem. (2016) Lower Values for Immunoglobulin M in Cerebrospinal Fluid When Sampled with an Atraumatic Sprotte Needle Compared with Conventional Lumbar Puncture. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 32:2, pages 210-212.
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Sten Öhman, Jan Ernerudh, Pia Forsberg, Henning von Schenck & Magnus Vrethem. (2016) Improved Formulae for the Judgement of Intrathecal Produced IgA and IgM in the Presence of Blood CSF Barrier Damage. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 30:5, pages 454-462.
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Reinhard Kaiser & Carl H. Lücking. (1993) Intrathecal synthesis of IgM and IgA in neurological diseases: comparison of two formulae with isoelectric focusing. Clinica Chimica Acta 216:1-2, pages 39-51.
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D Hydén, M Roberg, P Forsberg, E Fridell, A Frydén, A Linde & L Ödkvist. (1993) Acute “idiopathic” peripheral facial palsy: Clinical, serological, and cerebrospinal fluid findings and effects of corticosteroids. American Journal of Otolaryngology 14:3, pages 179-186.
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Magnus Vrethem, Annemarie Henriksson, Claes Malm, Tomas Olsson & Jan Ernerudh. (1992) Ig-secreting cells pass the blood-brain barrier: studies on κ and λ light chain secreting cells in plasma cell dyscrasia. Journal of Neuroimmunology 41:2, pages 189-194.
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Anders Wallin & Kaj Blennow. (1992) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by primary care physicians and specialists. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 85:S139, pages 26-31.
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Magnus Vrethem, Jan Ernerudh, Folke Lindström & Thomas Skogh. (1990) Immunoglobulins within the central nervous system in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 100:1-2, pages 186-192.
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Kaj Blennow, Andres Wallin, Fredman Pam, Gottfries Carl-Gerhard, Ingvar Karlsson & Lars Svennerholm. (1990) Intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins in patients with Alzheimer's disease. European Neuropsychopharmacology 1:1, pages 79-81.
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P D Giles & S J Wroe. (2016) Cerebrospinal Fluid Oligoclonal IgM in Multiple Sclerosis: Analytical Problems and Clinical Limitations. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 27:3, pages 199-207.
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